kur

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kur"

Languages (20)

Translingual

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Ainu • Albanian • Chipaya • Czech • Danish • Eastern Cham • Hungarian • Latgalian • Latvian • Lithuanian • Middle English • Northern Kurdish • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Polish • Sumerian • Swedish • Tat • Turkish

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Kurdish.

Symbol

kur

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kurdish.

Ainu

Alternative forms

• kuru, kuh (Sakhalin dialect)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kúɾ/

Noun

kur (Kana spelling クㇽ, plural utar)

1. (with modifiers) person

   repunkur ― foreigner (literally, “person in the sea”)

   tan kur ― this person

Usage notes

This word is similar in usage to Japanese 者(もの) (mono), in the sense that it cannot stand in a sentence as an independent word and is never used without a modifier.

See also

• pe (“thing (after consonant)”)
• p (“thing (after vowel)”)

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *kur, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷur; cognate to Lithuanian kur̃ (“where”), Old Armenian ուր (ur, “id”), etc. See also Albanian ku (“where”).

Less likely from Latin quā hōrā.

Pronoun

kur

1. when

Derived terms

• kurrë

Chipaya

Noun

kur

1. mountain

References

• Sabine Dedenbach-Salazar Sáenz, Katja Hannß, Chipaya case markers -kiś and -kin: Subject and speaker reference (2008)

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kurъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkur]

Noun

kur m anim

1. a group of bird genera in the Phasianidae family, composed of Bambusicola, Galloperdix, Gallus, and Ptilopachus
   1. especially, the common household chicken (Gallus gallus, sometimes Gallus gallus domesticus)
2. (archaic) rooster

   Synonym: kohout

Declension

Declension of kur (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	kur	kurové
genitive	kura	kurů
dative	kurovi, kuru	kurům
accusative	kura	kury
vocative	kure	kurové
locative	kurovi, kuru	kurech
instrumental	kurem	kury

Derived terms

• kurník
• kuropění
• kuře
• kuří oko

Further reading

• “kur”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “kur”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “kur”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026
• Rejzek, Jiří (2007), “kur”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

Danish

Etymology

From Latin cura (“care”)

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ur

Noun

kur c (singular definite kuren, plural indefinite kure)

1. treatment
2. cure, remedy

Inflection

Declension of kur

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	kur	kuren	kure	kurene
genitive	kurs	kurens	kures	kurenes

Eastern Cham

Alternative forms

• ꨆꨭꩉ

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kur/

Adjective

kur

1. round; circular

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkur]
• Hyphenation: kur
• Rhymes: -ur

Adjective

kur (not comparable)

1. Curonian

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	kur	kurok
accusative	kurt	kurokat
dative	kurnak	kuroknak
instrumental	kurral	kurokkal
causal-final	kurért	kurokért
translative	kurrá	kurokká
terminative	kurig	kurokig
essive-formal	kurként	kurokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	kurban	kurokban
superessive	kuron	kurokon
adessive	kurnál	kuroknál
illative	kurba	kurokba
sublative	kurra	kurokra
allative	kurhoz	kurokhoz
elative	kurból	kurokból
delative	kurról	kurokról
ablative	kurtól	kuroktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	kuré	kuroké
non-attributive possessive – plural	kuréi	kurokéi

Latgalian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ku, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʷór (“where”). Cognates include Latvian kur and Lithuanian kur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkùr]
• Hyphenation: kur

Adverb

kur

1. (interrogative) where?
2. (relative) where

References

• Nicole Nau (2011), A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN

Latvian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Baltic *kur, from the same Proto-Indo-European stem *kʷu-, *kʷo- as the interrogative pronoun kas (q.v.). Cognates include Lithuanian kur̃, Old Church Slavonic къде (kŭde) (cf. Russian где (gde)), Sanskrit कुह (kúha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kùɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

kur

1. (in questions involving location) where? in what place?

   kur atrodas jūsu māja? ― where is your house located?

   kur tu strādā? ― where do you work?

   kur viņš dzīvo? ― where does he live?

   “kur Kristīne? iekšā?” Edgars rādīja uz barona istabām ― “where (is) Christne? inside?” Edgars showed the baron's rooms

2. (in questions involving motion towards) where? where to? to what place? whither?

   kur tu iesi? ― where will you go?

3. (often in combination with other adverbs like kaut, citur, tur) indicates an indeterminate or unknown place; where, wherever, somewhere

   kaut kur ― somewhere

   kur nekur ― somewhere

   kur tur ― somewhere

   kur citur ― elsewhere, somewhere else

   citur kur ― elsewhere, somewhere else

   viņš raudzījās visapkārt, vai vēl kur nekūpēja ― he looked all around, even (there) where it wasn't smoking

   kaut kur nodimdēja pēdējās tramvajs, vientuļs un drusku noguris ― somewhere the last tram was rumbling (along), lonely and a little tired

   bet vai, uz balli ejot, nevar apmaldīties un nokļūt kur citur? — but can't (you), while going to the ball, get lost and end up somewhere else?

4. (usually in a rhetorical question or as part of an interjection or interjective expression) indicates denial, impossibility

   kur nu! ― lit. where now! (= what?! of course not! what an idea! what are you talking about?)

   kur tad ― lit. where then (indicating doubt, impossibility)

   kur šim nauda būs, kad pa krogu vien dzīvoja? ― how on earth (lit. where) will this one (= guy) have money, when (= since) he used to live in the bar (doing nothing)?

   Anneli nekur nelaida, un viņa arī nevarēja paiet; kā soli spēra, tā sapinās lakatos un novēlās... kur viņai arī vajadzēja iet! ― (they) didn't let Annele (go) anywhere, and she couldn't walk anyway; when she tried a step, she got entangled in (the) scarves and fell down... where should she go anyway!

   “es kādreiz domāju, auskari vairs nav modē...” “kur nu! vismodernākā lieta!” — “I sometimes think that earrings are no longer fashionable...” “what are you talking about?! (earrings are) the most modern (= fashionable) thing!”

5. used to stress the degree of a quality, or to add emotional intensity; syn. cik; how..., how much..., what a...

   Sals domājis: “sasodīts, kur tas zaķis stiprs!” — Frost thought: “damn! what a strong hare!”

   visi aizsteidzas uz pūķa pili meitu apraudzīt... kur tā bija priecīga, asaras raudādama, puisītim-brālītim tūlīt gar ap kaklu! ― everybody hurried to the dragon's palace to look at the girl... how happy she was, crying tears, with the little boy, (her) brother, around her neck (= hugging her)!

6. used to make an utterance more expressive, to strengthen it; ah...! what happened to...!

   kur tas laiks, sulas kad urbu! ― ah! (lit. where) that time, when I used to drill (holes on trees, to get) sap!

7. (with a complement participial verb in -dams) used to indicate concession; let ... wherever

   lai brauc kur braukdams ― let him go wherever he will!

   lai rakstnieks ietu kur iedams, darītu ko darīdams ― let the writer go wherever he will go, (let him) do whatever he will do

8. (with an infinitive verb) indicates a place related to the action described by the verb; (a place) where, anywhere, somewhere

   nezināja kur skriet ― he didn't know where to run

   nav kur iet ― (there) isn't anywhere to go

   nav kur drēbes glabāt ― (he) doesn't have where (= a place) to keep (his) clothes

   Gaužens gan saka, ka varētu iztikt ar kaļķiem, bet tos pašus arī nav kur ņemt ― Gaužens indeed said that they could do with lime, but there isn't anywhere to take (= get, find) it

   viņa nokāpa pēc ūdens, lai būtu kur nomazgāt gaidāmo bērnu ― she went down for (= near) the water, so that there would be where (= some place where) to wash the upcoming baby

Synonyms

• (where to): kurp

Conjunction

kur

1. where; used to introduce subordinate clauses indicating location and relating to elements of the main clause with various different functions:

   (a) subject:

   ja slimnieks sūdzas par sāpēm pakrūtē, tad jānoskaidro, kur īsti sāp, vairāk pa labi... vai pa kreisi... ― if the patient complains of chest pain, then (we) must find out where it really hurts, more to the right... or to the left...

   (b) predicate:

   vistrokšņainākā istaba redakcijā bija tā, kur strādāja lauksaimniecības nodaļas līdzstrādnieki ― the noisiest room in the editorial office was the one where the associates of the agriculture department worked

   (c) attribute, secondary predicate:

   gravu ienaidnieks uzskatīja par vietu, kur katrā ziņā vajag būt sapulcētiem uzbrūkošajiem spēkiem ― the enemy considered a ravine a place where in all respects there must be assembled attacking forces

   {d} attribute, with purpose meaning

   itin kā zemes trūktu, kur dārzu stādīt ― as if there was no land where to plant a garden

   (e) direct object (e.g., reporting a question)

   tātad taisnība un brīvība nav vis pavisam pazudušas: Jēkabs zina, kur tās paslēptas ― so, truth and freedom were not completely lost: Jēkabs knew where they (were) hidden

   sveicināti! vai jūs man neparādītu, kur dzīvo Dzenes? ― hello! wouldn't you (= would you please) show me where the Dzenes live?

   (f) spatial (adverbial), locative or directional (including the combination kur (tik) vien) “wherever...”)

   kur dūmi, tur siltums ― where (there is) smoke, (there is also) heat

   labi, labi! ņem sievu un bērnus un ej, kur esi nācis! OK, OK! get (your) wife and children and go (back) where you came from!

   allaž gribas nokļūt tur, kur esmu jau bijis ― (I) always feel like going where I have already been (before)

   Andriksons stāvēja turpat, kur stāvējis, stīvs un mēms ― Andriksons stood right there where he had stopped, stiff and speechless

   kur vien Liena parādījās, tur skumjas bēga kā nakts no dienas ― wherever Liena showed herself, there sadness ran (away) like the night from the day

   kur tik vien māceklis pieķeras, visur notik klizma ― wherever the apprentice tried to do something, accidents happened

   (g) concession (in the sequences lai kur, lai arī kur, lai nu kur, lai vai kur)

   lai kur tu dzīvotu, jaunais draugs, lai cik klusa būtu tava sēta, tu allaž sasniegsi draugus ― wherever you may live, young friend, no matter how quiet your little ranch is, you will always obtain friends

   viņš ir tik karsts un nikns... lai kur kāds runā, viņš tūdaļ pretī ar savu ― he is so hot (= angry) and wild... wherever someone is speaking, he immediately reacts with his (comments, counterarguments)

Pronoun

kur (relative)

1. where; used to link a component of a subordinate clause with a component of a main clause, expressing a locative relation

   Janka ienira pavadītāju drūzmā, kur neviens nepiegrieza viņam vērību ― Janka dived into the accompanying crowd, where nobody would pay attention to him

   māte priecājās par sieru un iebāza to, drusku nogaršojusi, kabatā, kur tas pazuda kā akā ― mother was happy about the cheese and put it, after tasting a little, in (her) pocket, where it disappeared as if in a well

Related terms

• kurp
• kuriene

Etymology 2

A form of the verb kurt (q.v.).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kūɾ]
• IPA^(key): [kûɾ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

kur

1. inflection of kurt:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. third-person plural present indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of kurt
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of kurt

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *kur, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷór. Cognate with Samogitian kor, Latvian kur, Latgalian kur, Old Prussian quei, Proto-Slavic *kъde, Sanskrit कुत्र (kútra), Latin cūr (“why”), cubī, Albanian ku.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [²ˈkʊrˑ]
• Rhymes: -ʊrˑ
• Syllabification: kur̃

Adverb

kur̃

1. where

   Kur esi? ― Where are you?

Pronoun

kur̃

1. where

Middle English

Noun

kur

1. alternative form of curre

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʊɾ/

Noun

kur m

1. boy, son

Synonyms

• law

Descendants

• → Armenian: կռո (kṙo), կուռո (kuṙo) (from the vocative case)
• → Turkish: kıro (from the vocative case)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Latin cura.

Noun

kur m (definite singular kuren, indefinite plural kurer, definite plural kurene)

1. a cure, treatment

Derived terms

• mirakelkur

Etymology 2

From French cour.

Noun

kur m (definite singular kuren, indefinite plural kurer, definite plural kurene)

1. court (royal court, to pay court)

References

• “kur” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Latin cura.

Noun

kur m (definite singular kuren, indefinite plural kurar, definite plural kurane)

1. a cure, treatment

Derived terms

• kukur
• mirakelkur

Etymology 2

From French cour.

Noun

kur m (definite singular kuren, indefinite plural kurar, definite plural kurane)

1. court (royal court, to pay court)

References

• “kur” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈkur/

• (Greater Poland):
  • (Central Greater Poland) IPA^(key): [ˈkur]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ur
• Syllabification: kur
• Homophone: kór

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kurъ.

Noun

kur m animal (diminutive kurek)

1. (literary or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Szczuczyn) rooster

   Synonyms: kogut, kokot

2. a sculpin of the genera Myoxocephalus or Taurulus

Declension

Declension of kur

	singular	plural
nominative	kur	kury
genitive	kura	kurów
dative	kurowi	kurom
accusative	kura	kury
instrumental	kurem	kurami
locative	kurze	kurach
vocative	kurze	kury

Derived terms

noun

• drugie kury

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Cognates include Russian корь (korʹ) and Ukrainian кір (kir).

Alternative forms

• kór, chór (obsolete)

Noun

kur m inan

1. (obsolete) rubella, German measles (disease caused by Rubella virus)

   Synonym: różyczka

Declension

Declension of kur

	singular
nominative	kur
genitive	kuru
dative	kurowi
accusative	kur
instrumental	kurem
locative	kurze
vocative	kurze

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kur f pl

1. genitive plural of kura

Further reading

• “kur”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[3] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “kur”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[4] (in Polish)
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “kur”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 638
• Władysław Matlakowski (1892), “kur”, in Słownik wyrazów ludowych zebranych w Czerskiem i na Kujawach (in Polish), Kraków: nakł. Akademii Umiejętności; Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod zarządem A. M. Kosterkiewicza, page 10

Sumerian

Romanization

kur

1. romanization of 𒆳 (kur)

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʉːr/
• Rhymes: -ʉːr

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German kūr, related to kūren (origin of German kauern and English cower), according to Pokorny, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, bend”), see also Proto-Germanic *kuddô (“shell, pod”).

Noun

kur c

1. a small shed or roof, a shelter or sentry-box

Declension

Declension of kur

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	kur	kurs
	definite	kuren	kurens
plural	indefinite	kurer	kurers
	definite	kurerna	kurernas

Declension of kur

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	kur	kurs
	definite	kuren	kurens
plural	indefinite	kurar	kurars
	definite	kurarna	kurarnas

Related terms

• busskur
• kura
• skyllerkur
• vaktkur
• väntkur

Etymology 2

From Latin cura.

Noun

kur c

1. a cure (for a disease), a remedy, a treatment

Declension

Declension of kur

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	kur	kurs
	definite	kuren	kurens
plural	indefinite	kurer	kurers
	definite	kurerna	kurernas

Derived terms

• huskur
• kuranstalt
• kurort
• mirakelkur
• vattenkur

Related terms

• kurator
• kurativ
• kurera
• kurering

See also

• sinekur

References

• “kur”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “kur”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “kur”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• kur in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Tat

Etymology

Cognate with Persian کور (kur).

Adjective

kur

1. blind

Turkish

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱers-

Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥séti

Proto-Italic *korsō

Latin currō

Proto-Indo-European *-tus

Proto-Italic *-tus

Latin -sus

Latin cursus

Old French cours

French coursbor.

Turkish kur

Borrowed from French cours.

Noun

kur (definite accusative kuru, plural kurlar)

1. exchange rate
2. course (learning program)

Declension

Declension of kur

singular plural nominative kur kurlar definite accusative kuru kurları dative kura kurlara locative kurda kurlarda ablative kurdan kurlardan genitive kurun kurların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular kurum kurlarım 2nd singular kurun kurların 3rd singular kuru kurları 1st plural kurumuz kurlarımız 2nd plural kurunuz kurlarınız 3rd plural kurları kurları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular kurumu kurlarımı 2nd singular kurunu kurlarını 3rd singular kurunu kurlarını 1st plural kurumuzu kurlarımızı 2nd plural kurunuzu kurlarınızı 3rd plural kurlarını kurlarını dative singular plural 1st singular kuruma kurlarıma 2nd singular kuruna kurlarına 3rd singular kuruna kurlarına 1st plural kurumuza kurlarımıza 2nd plural kurunuza kurlarınıza 3rd plural kurlarına kurlarına locative singular plural 1st singular kurumda kurlarımda 2nd singular kurunda kurlarında 3rd singular kurunda kurlarında 1st plural kurumuzda kurlarımızda 2nd plural kurunuzda kurlarınızda 3rd plural kurlarında kurlarında ablative singular plural 1st singular kurumdan kurlarımdan 2nd singular kurundan kurlarından 3rd singular kurundan kurlarından 1st plural kurumuzdan kurlarımızdan 2nd plural kurunuzdan kurlarınızdan 3rd plural kurlarından kurlarından genitive singular plural 1st singular kurumun kurlarımın 2nd singular kurunun kurlarının 3rd singular kurunun kurlarının 1st plural kurumuzun kurlarımızın 2nd plural kurunuzun kurlarınızın 3rd plural kurlarının kurlarının

Etymology 2

Verb

kur

1. second-person singular imperative of kurmak