circular
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English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English circuler, circuleer, circulere, borrowed from Old French circulier, from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus, diminutive of circus (“ring”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈsɜːk.jə.lə(ɹ)/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈsɝk.jə.lɚ/
Audio (US) (file) - Hyphenation: cir‧cu‧lar
Adjective[edit]
circular (comparative more circular, superlative most circular)
- Of or relating to a circle.
- In the shape of, or moving in a circle.
- 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 5, in The Mirror and the Lamp:
- Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.
- Circuitous or roundabout.
- Referring back to itself, so as to prevent computation or comprehension; infinitely recursive.
- circular reasoning
- Your dictionary defines "brave" as "courageous", and "courageous" as "brave". That's a circular definition.
- a circular formula in a spreadsheet
- Distributed to a large number of persons.
- 1827, Henry Hallam, The Constitutional History of England
- a proclamation of Henry III., […] doubtless circular throughout England
- 1827, Henry Hallam, The Constitutional History of England
- (obsolete) Perfect; complete.
- 1632, Philip Massinger, Maid of Honour, act I, scene 2:
- A man so absolute and circular / In all those wished-for rarities that may take / A virgin captive.
- 1632, Philip Massinger, Maid of Honour, act I, scene 2:
- (archaic) Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence, mean; inferior.
- February 1, 1711, John Dennis, on the Genius and Writings of Shakespeare
- Had Virgil been a circular poet, and closely adhered to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?
- February 1, 1711, John Dennis, on the Genius and Writings of Shakespeare
Hyponyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
of or relating to a circle
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in the shape of, or moving in a circle
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referring back to itself — See also translations at circular definition
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distributed to a large number of persons
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Noun[edit]
circular (plural circulars)
- Synonym of flyer: a printed advertisement, directive, or notice intended for mass circulation.
- 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, p. 55:
- The pigeon-hole was also stuffed with circulars and hand-bills.
- 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, p. 55:
- Short for circular letter.
- (dated) A sleeveless cloak cut from a circular pattern.
- A shuttle bus with a circular route.
See also[edit]
- advertisement
- booklet
- brochure
- catalogue, catalog
- flier, flyer
- handbill, hand bill
- junk mail
- leaflet
- pamphlet
Verb[edit]
circular (third-person singular simple present circulars, present participle circularing, simple past and past participle circulared)
- To distribute circulars to or at.
- 1851, G. W. Muir, Report on the State of Engine and Other Furnaces, page 19:
- The result of the sending of these notices confirms me in the opinion, that it will be necessary to adopt legal means with the great majority of these parties. The circulars have had little effect. In fact, the parties have been “circulared" into the notion that nothing more formidable will ever be sent to them.
- 1873, Old and new - Volume 8, page 101:
- It is true, that, to obtain these, some six hundred or more institutions were circulared, and a good many of these a second time.
- 1909, American Life Convention, Report of the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Life Convention, page 42:
- I do not mean to say we have never employed some of them who come to us—but we have never circulared agents or gone after them.
- 1962, Harrie Sheridan Baketel, Medical Economics - Volume 39, page 141:
- If you've ever been circulared by drug repackaging houses, you know they usually offer to trade a selection of office supplies for your unused drug samples.
- To extend in a circular direction.
- 2008, Donald E. Wagner, Kenneth Cragg, Dying in the Land of Promise, page 116:
- The theme can be expressed in an architectural analogy. For, of all contriving to encover space, the arch — alone or 'circulared' into the dome — is the most ingenious.
Asturian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.
Adjective[edit]
circular (epicene, plural circulares)
Related terms[edit]
Verb[edit]
circular (first-person singular indicative present circulo, past participle circuláu)
- to circle
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of circular
Related terms[edit]
Catalan[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.
Adjective[edit]
circular (masculine and feminine plural circulars)
Noun[edit]
circular f (plural circulars)
Etymology 2[edit]
Borrowed from Late Latin circulo, circulare, post-Augustan form of Latin circulor.
Verb[edit]
circular (first-person singular present circulo, past participle circulat)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of circular (first conjugation)
| infinitive | circular | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | circulant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | circulat | circulada | |||||
| plural | circulats | circulades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | circulo | circules | circula | circulem | circuleu | circulen | |
| imperfect | circulava | circulaves | circulava | circulàvem | circulàveu | circulaven | |
| future | circularé | circularàs | circularà | circularem | circulareu | circularan | |
| preterite | circulí | circulares | circulà | circulàrem | circulàreu | circularen | |
| conditional | circularia | circularies | circularia | circularíem | circularíeu | circularien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | circuli | circulis | circuli | circulem | circuleu | circulin | |
| imperfect | circulés | circulessis | circulés | circuléssim | circuléssiu | circulessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| — | circula | circuli | circulem | circuleu | circulin | ||
Related terms[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “circular” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “circular” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “circular” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “circular” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.
Adjective[edit]
circular m or f (plural circulares)
Related terms[edit]
Portuguese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Borrowed from Late Latin circulāris (“circular round”), from Latin circulus, corresponding to círculo + -ar.
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
circular m or f (plural circulares, comparable)
- circular; round
- running in a loop
- Ônibus circular.
- Shuttle bus.
- (rhetoric, lexicography) circular (referring back to itself)
- Definição circular.
- Circular definition.
- circular (distributed to a large number of people)
- Carta circular.
- Circular letter.
Noun[edit]
circular f (plural circulares)
- circular letter (official communication distributed to interested parties)
Noun[edit]
circular m (plural circulares)
- circular (shuttle bus that runs in a loop)
Etymology 2[edit]
Borrowed from Latin circulō, circulāre (“I make round”), post-Augustan form of Latin circulor.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
circular (first-person singular present indicative circulo, past participle circulado)
- (transitive) to circle (to place a circle around)
- Circulem a resposta correta. ― Circle the correct answer.
- Synonym: circundar
- (intransitive) to circle (to move around an axis)
- (intransitive) to circulate (to move through a circuit)
- O sangue parou de circular em suas veias. ― Blood stopped flowing in his veins.
- (intransitive) to flow freely
- Abri as janelas para o ar circular. ― I opened the windows to get a better airflow.
- (intransitive, or transitive with por) to move about; to walk around
- Depois que a neve derreteu, as pessoas começaram a circular pelo parque. ― After the snow melted, people started walking around the park.
- Circulando! ― Get going! [used to disperse a crowd]
- (transitive) to circulate; to disseminate; to spread
- Os alunos circularam um rumor muito maldoso. ― The students spread a nasty rumour.
- (intransitive) to circulate; to be disseminated; to be spread; to go around
- Circulava uma notícia sobre o acidente. ― News about the accident had been going around.
- first-person singular (eu) personal infinitive of circular
- third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) personal infinitive of circular
- first-person singular (eu) future subjunctive of circular
- third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) future subjunctive of circular
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of the Portuguese -ar verb circular
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From French circulaire
Adjective[edit]
circular m or n (feminine singular circulară, masculine plural circulari, feminine and neuter plural circulare)
Declension[edit]
Declension of circular
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
| nominative/ accusative |
indefinite | circular | circulară | circulari | circulare | ||
| definite | circularul | circulara | circularii | circularele | |||
| genitive/ dative |
indefinite | circular | circulare | circulari | circulare | ||
| definite | circularului | circularei | circularilor | circularelor | |||
Spanish[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Borrowed from Late Latin circulāris, from Latin circulus.
Adjective[edit]
circular (plural circulares)
Noun[edit]
circular f (plural circulares)
- circular (advertisement)
Etymology 2[edit]
Borrowed from Late Latin circulāre, present active infinitive of circulō, post-Augustan form of Latin circulor. Doublet of the inherited cerchar[1].
Verb[edit]
circular (first-person singular present circulo, first-person singular preterite circulé, past participle circulado)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of circular (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
Selected combined forms of circular
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ “cerchar” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
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