गोल

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀕𑁄𑀮 (gola), from Sanskrit गोल (gola).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɡoːl/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

गोल • (gol) m (Urdu spelling گول)

1. circle, circular object

Declension

Declension of गोल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	गोल gol	गोल gol
oblique	गोल gol	गोलों golõ
vocative	गोल gol	गोलो golo

Adjective

गोल • (gol) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling گول)

1. round, circular, spherical

Related terms

• गोला (golā)
• गोली (golī)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “गोल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Konkani

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गोल (gola).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡol]

Adjective

गोल • (gol) (Latin script gol, Kannada script ಗೊಲ್)

1. round

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गोल (gola).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡol/

Adjective

गोल • (gol)

1. round, circular
2. (geometry) cylindrical, spherical

Noun

गोल • (gol) m

1. (geometry) sphere
2. (figuratively) circle

   Synonym: वर्तुळ (vartuḷ) (the actual academic term used for circle)

Declension

Declension of गोल (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	गोल gol
direct plural	गोल gol
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	गोल gol		गोल gol
oblique सामान्यरूप	गोला golā		गोलां- golān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	गोलाला golālā		गोलांना golānnā
ergative	गोलाने, गोलानं golāne, golāna		गोलांनी golānnī
instrumental	गोलाशी golāśī		गोलांशी golānśī
locative सप्तमी	गोलात golāt		गोलांत golāt
vocative संबोधन	गोला golā		गोलांनो golānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of गोल (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	गोलाचा golāċā	गोलाचे golāċe	गोलाची golācī	गोलाच्या golācā	गोलाचे, गोलाचं golāċe, golāċa	गोलाची golācī	गोलाच्या golācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	गोलांचा golānċā	गोलांचे golānċe	गोलांची golāñcī	गोलांच्या golāncā	गोलांचे, गोलांचं golānċe, golānċa	गोलांची golāñcī	गोलांच्या golāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• गोलाकार (golākār, “circular, spherical”)
• गोलाकृती (golākrutī, “circular”)
• दंडगोल (daṇḍgol, “cylinder”)
• पृथ्वीगोल (pruthvīgol, “globe”)
• भूगोल (bhūgol, “Geography”)
• लंबगोल (lambgol, “ellipse”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “गोल”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “गोल”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গোল (Assamese script)
• ᬕᭀᬮ (Balinese script)
• গোল (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰺𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑁄𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• ဂေါလ (Burmese script)
• ગોલ (Gujarati script)
• ਗੋਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍋𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦺꦴꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂷𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಗೋಲ (Kannada script)
• គោល (Khmer script)
• ໂຄລ (Lao script)
• ഗോല (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᠣᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘻𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠣᠸᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧜𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑑀𑐮 (Newa script)
• ଗୋଲ (Odia script)
• ꢔꣂꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆾𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖺𑖩 (Siddham script)
• ගොල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩕𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚴𑚥 (Takri script)
• கே³ால (Tamil script)
• గోల (Telugu script)
• โคล (Thai script)
• གོ་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒼𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨆𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Uncertain. According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *gewlos (“vessel, bowl”), from *gew- (“to bend, curve; vault”). Supposed cognates would include Ancient Greek γυιός (guiós, “lame”), γῦρος (gûros, “ring, circle”) and Proto-Germanic *keulaz (“ship, vessel”). Has also been compared to Ancient Greek γαῦλος (gaûlos, “Phoenician merchant vessel”).

However, Mayrhofer considers derivations such as the above to be suspect and prefers to take this as a Dravidian borrowing, comparing with खोलक (kholaka, “helmet; pot; shell”) and गुड (guḍa, “ball”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐw.lɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡoː.l̪ɐ/

Noun

गोल • (gola) stem, m

1. a ball
2. a globe (as the celestial globe or as the globe of the sun or of the earth)
3. a hemisphere (of the earth)
4. yantra
5. Vangueria spinosa
6. myrrh
7. a widow's bastard
8. the conjunction of all the planets in one sign
9. name of a son of ākrīḍa

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गोल

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गोलः (golaḥ)	गोलौ (golau) गोला¹ (golā¹)	गोलाः (golāḥ) गोलासः¹ (golāsaḥ¹)
accusative	गोलम् (golam)	गोलौ (golau) गोला¹ (golā¹)	गोलान् (golān)
instrumental	गोलेन (golena)	गोलाभ्याम् (golābhyām)	गोलैः (golaiḥ) गोलेभिः¹ (golebhiḥ¹)
dative	गोलाय (golāya)	गोलाभ्याम् (golābhyām)	गोलेभ्यः (golebhyaḥ)
ablative	गोलात् (golāt)	गोलाभ्याम् (golābhyām)	गोलेभ्यः (golebhyaḥ)
genitive	गोलस्य (golasya)	गोलयोः (golayoḥ)	गोलानाम् (golānām)
locative	गोले (gole)	गोलयोः (golayoḥ)	गोलेषु (goleṣu)
vocative	गोल (gola)	गोलौ (golau) गोला¹ (golā¹)	गोलाः (golāḥ) गोलासः¹ (golāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Noun

गोल • (gola) stem, n

1. a circle, sphere

   Synonym: मण्डल (maṇḍala)

2. a large globular water-jar
3. red arsenic
4. a woman's female friend
5. a name of Durgā
6. name of a river (probably Godāvarī)

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of गोल

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गोलम् (golam)	गोले (gole)	गोलानि (golāni) गोला¹ (golā¹)
accusative	गोलम् (golam)	गोले (gole)	गोलानि (golāni) गोला¹ (golā¹)
instrumental	गोलेन (golena)	गोलाभ्याम् (golābhyām)	गोलैः (golaiḥ) गोलेभिः¹ (golebhiḥ¹)
dative	गोलाय (golāya)	गोलाभ्याम् (golābhyām)	गोलेभ्यः (golebhyaḥ)
ablative	गोलात् (golāt)	गोलाभ्याम् (golābhyām)	गोलेभ्यः (golebhyaḥ)
genitive	गोलस्य (golasya)	गोलयोः (golayoḥ)	गोलानाम् (golānām)
locative	गोले (gole)	गोलयोः (golayoḥ)	गोलेषु (goleṣu)
vocative	गोल (gola)	गोले (gole)	गोलानि (golāni) गोला¹ (golā¹)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “गोल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 368/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 165
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 349

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “393-98”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 393-98