kuru
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Page categories
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Fore kúru (literally “trembling, shivering”).[1][2] Perhaps eventually from Proto-Gorokan *kút(V) (“dangling, shaking”) if cognate with the reduplicated element of Yagaria gúli gúli hu- (“be loose, rattle”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈkʉː.ɹʉː/
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈkʊ.ɹuː/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: (UK) -ʊɹu
Noun
[edit]kuru (uncountable)
- A chronic, progressive, fatal central nervous system disease found mainly among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea, caused by a prion that probably resembles the scrapie agent of sheep, transmissible to nonhuman primates, and believed to be transmitted by ritual cannibalism.
- Synonyms: laughing death, laughing sickness
- 1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 273:
- By the late 1950s, kuru was the leading cause of death among Fore women, and it had killed so many that men outnumbered women by three to one.
Translations
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Scott, Graham (1978), The Fore Language of Papua New Guinea, Pacific Linguistics, , →ISBN, pages 2, 6
- ^ Zigas, V.; Gajdusek, D. C. (23 November 1957), “Kuru: Clinical study of a new syndrome resembling paralysis agitans in natives of the Eastern Highlands of Australian New Guinea”, in Medical Journal of Australia, volume 2, number 21, , pages 745-754
Anagrams
[edit]Ainu
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kuru (Kana spelling クル, plural utara)
- (with modifiers) person
Usage notes
[edit]This word is similar in usage to Japanese 者 (mono), in the sense that it cannot stand in a sentence as an independent word and is never used without a modifier.
See also
[edit]- pe (“thing”)
Ajië
[edit]Verb
[edit]kuru
References
[edit]- Handschuh, Corinna (2014), A typology of marked-S languages
Bokar
[edit]Noun
[edit]kuru
References
[edit]Czech
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kuru
Esperanto
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kuru
- imperative of kuri
Fijian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Central-Pacific *kuru, from Proto-Oceanic *kuruq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guruq.
Noun
[edit]kuru (plural kurukuru)
- thunder (sound caused by a lightning)
Finnish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *kuru (compare Estonian kuru), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kure (compare Komi-Zyrian кыр (kyr), Eastern Mari курык (kuryk), Eastern Khanty кор (kor)).
Noun
[edit]kuru
- (geography) ravine, flume, gulch, gorge (narrow V-shaped valley, often with water running through)
- Hypernym: rotko
- canyon
Declension
[edit]| Inflection of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kuru | kurut | |
| genitive | kurun | kurujen | |
| partitive | kurua | kuruja | |
| illative | kuruun | kuruihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kuru | kurut | |
| accusative | nom. | kuru | kurut |
| gen. | kurun | ||
| genitive | kurun | kurujen | |
| partitive | kurua | kuruja | |
| inessive | kurussa | kuruissa | |
| elative | kurusta | kuruista | |
| illative | kuruun | kuruihin | |
| adessive | kurulla | kuruilla | |
| ablative | kurulta | kuruilta | |
| allative | kurulle | kuruille | |
| essive | kuruna | kuruina | |
| translative | kuruksi | kuruiksi | |
| abessive | kurutta | kuruitta | |
| instructive | — | kuruin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kuru”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023
Etymology 2
[edit]From English kuru, from Fore kúru (“trembling, shivering; kuru”).
Noun
[edit]kuru
Declension
[edit]| Inflection of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kuru | — | |
| genitive | kurun | — | |
| partitive | kurua | — | |
| illative | kuruun | — | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kuru | — | |
| accusative | nom. | kuru | — |
| gen. | kurun | ||
| genitive | kurun | — | |
| partitive | kurua | — | |
| inessive | kurussa | — | |
| elative | kurusta | — | |
| illative | kuruun | — | |
| adessive | kurulla | — | |
| ablative | kurulta | — | |
| allative | kurulle | — | |
| essive | kuruna | — | |
| translative | kuruksi | — | |
| abessive | kurutta | — | |
| instructive | — | — | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of kuru (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Guinea-Bissau Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Portuguese couro.
Noun
[edit]kuru
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]kuru
Javanese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- Carakan: ꦏꦸꦫꦸ
Adjective
[edit]kuru (ngoko kuru, krama kera)
Kwama
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Komo kura (“donkey”).
Noun
[edit]kuru
References
[edit]- Goldberg, Justin; Asadik, Habte; Bekama, Jiregna; Mengistu, Mulat (2016), Gwama – English Dictionary[3], SIL International
Latvian
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]kuru
- inflection of kurš:
Verb
[edit]kuru
Lower Sorbian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kuru
Maori
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuluʀ. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻulu, Fijian kulu, Malay kulur.
Noun
[edit]kuru
- breadfruit
- Kīhai te kuru, te niu me te panana i tipu ki Aotearoa nei – he tipu ēnei i mauria haere e ngā tīpuna Māori i ō rātou torotoronga i Te Moananui-a-Kiwa.
- Breadfruit, coconut palms and bananas did not grow in New Zealand – these were plants Māori ancestors carried throughout the Pacific in their explorations.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *kulu (“to strike”).
Verb
[edit]kuru (passive kurua or kurungia or kurutia)
Noun
[edit]kuru
Ngan'gityemerri
[edit]Noun
[edit]kuru
References
[edit]- Tryon, Darrell T. (1970), An introduction to Maranungku (Northern Australia) (quoted online in ASJP)
Pitjantjatjara
[edit]Noun
[edit]kuru
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kuru m inan
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Fore kúru (literally “trembling, shivering”).
Pronunciation
[edit]
- Rhymes: -u
- Hyphenation: ku‧ru
Noun
[edit]kuru m (uncountable)
Further reading
[edit]- “kuru”, in Dicionário infopédia da Lingua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
Quechua
[edit]Noun
[edit]kuru
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kuru | kurukuna |
| accusative | kuruta | kurukunata |
| dative | kuruman | kurukunaman |
| genitive | kurup | kurukunap |
| locative | kurupi | kurukunapi |
| terminative | kurukama | kurukunakama |
| ablative | kurumanta | kurukunamanta |
| instrumental | kuruwan | kurukunawan |
| comitative | kuruntin | kurukunantin |
| abessive | kurunnaq | kurukunannaq |
| comparative | kuruhina | kurukunahina |
| causative | kururayku | kurukunarayku |
| benefactive | kurupaq | kurukunapaq |
| associative | kurupura | kurukunapura |
| distributive | kurunka | kurukunanka |
| exclusive | kurulla | kurukunalla |
|
Rasawa
[edit]Noun
[edit]kuru
Further reading
[edit]- Palmer, Bill (2017), The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area, →ISBN, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages, page 531
Shona
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́dʊ́.
Adjective
[edit]-kúrú
Inflection
[edit]| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| class 1 | mukúrú | class 2 | vakúrú |
| class 3 | mukúrú | class 4 | mikúrú |
| class 5 | gúrú | class 6 | makúrú |
| class 7 | chikúrú | class 8 | zvikúrú |
| class 9 | húrú | class 10 | húrú |
| class 11 | rukúrú | ||
| class 12 | kakúrú | class 13 | tukúrú |
| class 14 | ukúrú | ||
| class 15 | kukúrú | ||
| locative classes | |||
| class 16 | class 17 | class 18 | |
| pakúrú | kukúrú | mukúrú | |
Derived terms
[edit]- ukuru (“greatness”)
Slovak
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kuru f
Tooro
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́dʊ́.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]-kuru (declinable)
Declension
[edit]| Noun class | indefinite | definite | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| 1/2 | mukuru | bakuru | omukuru | abakuru |
| 3/4 | mukuru | mikuru | omukuru | emikuru |
| 5/6 | likuru | makuru | erikuru | amakuru |
| 7/8 | kikuru | bikuru | ekikuru | ebikuru |
| 9/10 | nkuru | nkuru | enkuru | enkuru |
| 11/10 | rukuru | orukuru | ||
| 12/14 | kakuru | bukuru | akakuru | obukuru |
| 13 | — | tukuru | — | otukuru |
| 14/6 | bukuru | makuru | obukuru | amakuru |
| 15/6 | kukuru | okukuru | ||
| 16 | hakuru | — | ahakuru | — |
References
[edit]- Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary[4], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 374-375
Tumbuka
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-kʊ́dʊ́.
Adjective
[edit]-kuru
Derived terms
[edit]Turkish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قورو (kuru), from Proto-Turkic *kūrug, from Proto-Turkic *kūru-. Cognate with Azerbaijani quru, Tatar коры (qorı), Karachay-Balkar къуру (quru), Uzbek quruq, Uyghur قۇرۇق (quruq), Khakas хуруғ (xuruğ), Chuvash хӑрӑк (hărăk, “dry (of wood)”).
Adjective
[edit]kuru (intensive kupkuru)
- dry, arid
- emaciated
- dried, desiccated, exsiccated, parched
- depleted
- (of food) without the accompany of other food
- (colloquial) skinny
- (figurative) dry, bland, tasteless
- Synonym: tatsız
- (figurative) dry, monotone
- Synonym: tekdüze
Declension
[edit]| present tense | ||
|---|---|---|
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (I am) | kuruyum | kuru muyum? |
| sen (you are) | kurusun | kuru musun? |
| o (he/she/it is) | kuru / kurudur | kuru mu? |
| biz (we are) | kuruyuz | kuru muyuz? |
| siz (you are) | kurusunuz | kuru musunuz? |
| onlar (they are) | kuru(lar) | kuru(lar) mı? |
| past tense | ||
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (I was) | kuruydum | kuru muydum? |
| sen (you were) | kuruydun | kuru muydun? |
| o (he/she/it was) | kuruydu | kuru muydu? |
| biz (we were) | kuruyduk | kuru muyduk? |
| siz (you were) | kuruydunuz | kuru muydunuz? |
| onlar (they were) | kuruydular | kuru muydular? |
| indirect past | ||
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (I was) | kuruymuşum | kuru muymuşum? |
| sen (you were) | kuruymuşsun | kuru muymuşsun? |
| o (he/she/it was) | kuruymuş | kuru muymuş? |
| biz (we were) | kuruymuşuz | kuru muymuşuz? |
| siz (you were) | kuruymuşsunuz | kuru muymuşsunuz? |
| onlar (they were) | kuruymuşlar | kuru muymuşlar? |
| conditional | ||
| positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
| ben (if I) | kuruysam | kuru muysam? |
| sen (if you) | kuruysan | kuru muysan? |
| o (if he/she/it) | kuruysa | kuru muysa? |
| biz (if we) | kuruysak | kuru muysak? |
| siz (if you) | kuruysanız | kuru muysanız? |
| onlar (if they) | kuruysalar | kuru muysalar? |
For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.
Derived terms
[edit]- kara kuru
- kur sele
- kuru boya
- kuru çay
- kuru çayır
- kuru çeşme
- kuru duvar
- kuru ekmek
- kuru erik
- kuru fasulye
- kuru filtre
- kuru gürültü
- kuru iftira
- kuru incir
- kuru kahve
- kuru kalabalık
- kuru kayısı
- kuru kemik
- kuru köfte
- kuru laf
- kuru meyve
- kuru öksürük
- kuru pasta
- kuru pil
- kuru sebze
- kuru soğan
- kuru soğuk
- kuru söz
- kuru tarım
- kuru temizleme
- kuru üzüm
- kuru yemiş
- kuru yük
- kurukafa, kuru kafa
- kurulamak
- kuruluk
- kurusıkı
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kuru”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “kuru”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “kuru”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]kuru
Yoruba
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Possibly related to kūrū̀
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kúrú
Derived terms
[edit]- English terms borrowed from Fore
- English terms derived from Fore
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ʊɹu
- Rhymes:English/ʊɹu/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- en:Diseases
- Ainu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ainu lemmas
- Ainu nouns
- Ajië lemmas
- Ajië verbs
- Bokar lemmas
- Bokar nouns
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech non-lemma forms
- Czech noun forms
- Esperanto 2-syllable words
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Esperanto/uru
- Rhymes:Esperanto/uru/2 syllables
- Esperanto non-lemma forms
- Esperanto verb forms
- Fijian terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Fijian terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Fijian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Fijian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Fijian lemmas
- Fijian nouns
- fj:Weather
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/uru
- Rhymes:Finnish/uru/2 syllables
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- fi:Geography
- Finnish valo-type nominals
- Finnish terms derived from English
- Finnish terms derived from Fore
- fi:Diseases
- Finnish uncountable nouns
- Guinea-Bissau Creole terms derived from Portuguese
- Guinea-Bissau Creole lemmas
- Guinea-Bissau Creole nouns
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Javanese lemmas
- Javanese adjectives
- Kwama lemmas
- Kwama nouns
- Latvian non-lemma forms
- Latvian pronoun forms
- Latvian verb forms
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian non-lemma forms
- Lower Sorbian noun forms
- Maori terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maori terms derived from Proto-Polynesian
- Maori terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian
- Maori terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Maori terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Maori terms derived from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Maori terms inherited from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Maori terms derived from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Maori terms inherited from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Maori terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Maori terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Maori lemmas
- Maori nouns
- Maori terms with usage examples
- Maori terms inherited from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian
- Maori terms derived from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian
- Maori verbs
- mi:Mulberry family plants
- mi:Polynesian canoe plants
- mi:Tools
- Ngan'gityemerri lemmas
- Ngan'gityemerri nouns
- Pitjantjatjara lemmas
- Pitjantjatjara nouns
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/uru
- Rhymes:Polish/uru/2 syllables
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish noun forms
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Fore
- Portuguese terms derived from Fore
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/u
- Rhymes:Portuguese/u/2 syllables
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese uncountable nouns
- Portuguese terms spelled with K
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Diseases
- Quechua lemmas
- Quechua nouns
- Rasawa lemmas
- Rasawa nouns
- Shona terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Shona terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Shona lemmas
- Shona adjectives
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak non-lemma forms
- Slovak noun forms
- Tooro terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Tooro terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Tooro terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tooro lemmas
- Tooro adjectives
- Tumbuka terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Tumbuka terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Tumbuka lemmas
- Tumbuka adjectives
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish adjectives
- Turkish colloquialisms
- Turkish non-lemma forms
- Turkish noun forms
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba verbs
