ga

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ga"

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of Irish Gaeilge

Symbol

ga

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Irish.

Aeka

Noun

ga

1. rain

Further reading

• transnewguinea.org, citing both Wilson (1969) and McElhanon and Voorhoeve (1970)
• James Farr, Robert Larson, A Selective Word List in Ten Different Binandere Languages
• Papers in New Guinea Linguistics (1971), issues 8-9, pages 80-81, using a wordlist furnished by Capell

Anguthimri

Noun

ga

1. (Mpakwithi) mouth

Verb

ga

1. (transitive, Mpakwithi) to poke
2. (transitive, Mpakwithi) to peel

References

• Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 185

Bisu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Pronoun

ga (Thai spelling กงา)

1. I.

Djambarrpuyngu

Conjunction

ga

1. and

References

• M.P. Wilkinson, Djambarrpuyŋu: A Yolŋu Variety of Northern Australia (1991), p. 393
• Margit Bowler and Vanya Kapitonov, Towards a typology of quantification in Australian languages (2018), p. 17

Drung

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ga.

Noun

ga

1. saddle

References

• Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎^[1], Santa Barbara: University of California

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aː
• IPA^(key): /ɣaː/

Verb

ga

1. first-person singular present indicative of gaan
2. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of gaan
3. imperative of gaan

   ga! ― go!

Ewe

Noun

ga

1. metal
2. money

Fijian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ŋaː/

Adverb

ga

1. only

Conjunction

ga

1. but

Synonyms

• ia

Noun

ga

1. duck

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French gare.

Noun

ga

1. station, terminal

Hiw

Etymology

From Proto-Torres-Banks *ɣaya, an irregular reflex of Proto-Oceanic *kawaʀ, metathesis of *wakaʀ (“root”). Cognate with Mwotlap ga and Lo-Toga gi, and also with Proto-Polynesian *kawa (whence Tongan kava).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣa/

Noun

ga

1. kava plant, Piper methysticum
2. kava, an intoxicating beverage made from the kava plant.

References

• p.507 of: Alexandre François (2010), Pragmatic demotion and clause dependency: On two atypical subordinating strategies in the Lo-Toga and Hiw (Torres, Vanuatu), in Isabelle Bril (ed.), Clause Linking and Clause Hierarchy (Studies in Language Companion Series 121), 499–548. Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Indonesian

Adverb

ga

1. Alternative form of (eng)gak

Irish

Alternative forms

• gae, gath

Etymology

Apparently a conflation of Old Irish gath, goth (“spear”) with the synonymous gae (“spear”), from Proto-Celtic *gaisos (“spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰays- (“spear”). Cognate with Welsh gwayw and Latin gaesum (a Gaulish loanword) as well as Old English gār.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡa/
• (Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /ɡaː/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɡah/

Noun

ga m (genitive singular ga or gaoi, nominative plural gathanna or gaoi or gaoithe)

1. spear (long stick with a sharp tip), dart
2. dart, sting

   Chuir an cat a gha ann. ― The cat clawed him.

3. ray (beam of light or radiation)
4. (geometry) radius (line segment between any point on the circumference of a circle and its center; length of this segment)
5. (medicine) suppository
6. (fishing) gaff

Declension

Declension of ga

Fourth declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative ga gathanna Vocative a gha a ghathanna Genitive ga gathanna Dative ga gathanna

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an ga na gathanna Genitive an gha na ngathanna Dative leis an nga don gha leis na gathanna

• Alternative genitive singular: gaoi
• Alternative plural forms: gaoi, gaoithe

Derived terms

• alfa-gha m (“alpha ray”)
• béitea-gha (“beta ray”)
• ga-chatóideach (“cathode-ray”, adjective)
• ga-shiméadrach (“radially symmetrical”, adjective)
• ga-shiméadracht f (“radial symmetry”)
• gáma-gha m (“gamma ray”)
• X-gha m (“X-ray”)

 

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
ga	gha	nga
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ga”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gath”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “3 goth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “ga”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 341
• Entries containing “ga” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “ga” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Japanese

Romanization

ga

1. Rōmaji transcription of が
2. Rōmaji transcription of ガ

Kaingang

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈⁿɡa/

Noun

ga

1. earth; land

Lombard

Adverb

ga

1. (Eastern Lombard) there (in the expression of "there be")

Synonyms

• (Western Lombard): ghe

Pronoun

ga m or f

1. (Eastern Lombard) him; her/it (dative case)
2. (Eastern Lombard) them (dative case)

Synonyms

• (Western Lombard): ghe

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Adverb

ga

1. when

Synonyms

• gdy

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “ga”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999), “ga”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Mandarin

Romanization

ga (ga⁵ / ga⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄍㄚ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 價／价

ga

1. Nonstandard spelling of gā.
2. Nonstandard spelling of gá.
3. Nonstandard spelling of gǎ.
4. Nonstandard spelling of gà.

Usage notes

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Manx

Conjunction

ga

1. though, although
   • V'eh yn fer toshee dy feer, ga nagh row yn ennym er. He was leader in deed though not in name.
2. albeit

Middle Dutch

Verb

gâ

1. inflection of gâen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive

Middle English

Verb

ga

1. (Early Middle English, Northern) Alternative form of gon (“to go”)

Mwotlap

Etymology

From Proto-Torres-Banks *ɣaya, an irregular reflex of Proto-Oceanic *kawaʀ, metathesis of *wakaʀ (“root”). Cognate with Hiw ga and Lo-Toga gi, and also with Proto-Polynesian *kawa (whence Tongan kava).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣa/

Noun

ga (determinate naga)

1. kava plant, Piper methysticum
2. kava, an intoxicating beverage made from the kava plant.

References

• François, Alexandre. 2022. Online Mwotlap–English–French cultural dictionary. Electronic files. Paris: CNRS. (Pdf version) – entry ga.

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Related to Persian گاو‎ (gâv).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɑː

Noun

ga ?

1. ox
2. bull

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• gav

Verb

ga

1. simple past of gi

Phalura

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit किम् (kim, “what? why? (interrogative particle)”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Determiner

ga (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

1. any
2. what (kind), which

References

• Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ga”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Pronoun

ga (indefinite, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

1. what
2. that

References

• Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[3], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Conjunction

ga (conjunction, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

1. Complementizer/relativizer
2. that
3. which
4. who
5. where

References

• Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[4], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡa/

Particle

ga (modal, Perso-Arabic spelling گہ)

1. Marker of inferred, assumed or presumed knowledge

References

• Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[5], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Romanian

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

ga

1. sound made by geese

Scottish Gaelic

Pronoun

ga

1. him, it (direct object)

   Bha sinn ga thuigsinn. ― We understood it.

2. her, it (direct object)

   Cha bhi mi ga tachairt. ― I won't be meeting her.

Usage notes

• As him/it lenites the following word.
• As her/it adds the prefix h- to the following word if it begins with a vowel.

  An robh thu ga h-ithe? ― Did you eat it?

Related terms

Related terms

• gad
• gam
• gan
• gar
• gur
• e
• i

Serbo-Croatian

Pronoun

ga (Cyrillic spelling га)

1. of him (clitic genitive singular of ȏn (“he”))
2. him (clitic accusative singular of ȏn (“he”))
3. of it (clitic genitive singular of òno (“it”))
4. it (clitic accusative singular of òno (“it”))

Declension

    Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	ȏn	òna	òno	òni	òne	òna
genitive	njȅga, ga	njȇ, je	njȅga, ga	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
dative	njȅmu, mu	njȏj, joj	njȅmu, mu	njȉma, im	njȉma, im	njȉma, im
accusative	njȅga, ga, nj	njȗ, ju, je	njȅga, ga, nj	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih	njȋh, ih
vocative	—	—	—	—	—	—
locative	njȅm, njȅmu	njȏj	njȅm, njȅmu	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma
instrumental	njȋm, njíme	njȏm, njóme	njȋm, njíme	njȉma	njȉma	njȉma

Sumerian

Romanization

ga

1. Romanization of 𒂵 (ga)

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡa/, [ɡɐ]

Etymology 1

Possibly a shortened form of baga, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba₅. Cognate with Cebuano ba and Malagasy va.

Particle

ga

1. (dialectal, Batangas, Quezon) marks a sentence as interrogative

   Synonyms: ba, (dialectal) baga

Etymology 2

Noun

ga

1. The name of the Latin-script letter G.

Teribe

Noun

ga

1. skunk

References

• Gamarra A., Enrique; Villagra S., Inocencio (1980) Llëbo ñaglo lok kibokwogo ëre e lanyo = Vocabulario ilustrado teribe-español‎^[6] (in Teribe and Spanish), Instituto Nacional de Cultura & Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 9

Venetian

Verb

ga

1. third-person singular present indicative of gaver

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ɣaː˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ɣaː˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ɣaː˧˧]

Etymology 1

From French gare.

Noun

ga

1. train station

Etymology 2

From French gaz (“gas”), from Dutch gas.

Noun

ga

1. gas used for a gas stove

   bình ga ― a gas tank

2. carbon dioxide used for a carbonated drink

   nước ngọt có ga ― a sweet carbonated drink

3. lighter fluid

   Bật lửa này hết ga rồi.

   This lighter's run out of fluid.

4. (automotive) accelerator

Derived terms

• rú ga

 

Etymology 3

Noun

ga

1. (Southern Vietnam, especially Mekong Delta) Pronunciation spelling of ra (“bed sheet”).

Waigali

Etymology

From Proto-Nuristani *gā́wā (whence Ashkun gá, Kamkata-viri gó, Prasuni gúṭu, Tregami gá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš (whence Sanskrit गो (gó), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊‎ (gao), Persian گاو‎ (gâv)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (whence Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Russian говя́до (govjádo), English cow).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡá/

Noun

ga f

1. cow

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaː/

Verb

ga

1. Soft mutation of ca.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ca	ga	ngha	cha
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Western Apache

Noun

ga

1. jackrabbit

Westrobothnian

Alternative forms

• gå, gâ, gja, gär, ger, gæ

Verb

ga (preterite gekk or gikk, plural ging, supine gatt or gaije or goi or gö, imperative gakk, plural gaijen or goien)

1. (intransitive) to walk
2. (intransitive, of objects) move, start
3. (with dill) amount to

Derived terms

• ga dill (“get executed; grow”)
• ga ve (“die”)

Wutunhua

Etymology

From Mandarin 尕 (gǎ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka]

Adjective

ga

1. small (in size, number, etc.)

   je-ge jjhakai zhungo kan-la xaige ga-li.

   This country is much smaller than China.

   (Quoted in Sandman, p. 146)

   dangga gejhai-mu ga-de shai-la ha xaitang-li da gu qhi-de yi-zek ra mi-li.

   None of our schoolchildren goes to Chinese school [i.e. schools where the medium of education is Mandarin] at the very young age.

   (Quoted in Sandman, p. 355)

References

• Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
• Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎^[7], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

Yola

Verb

ga

1. simple past tense of gee
   • 1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, line 8:

     An Paudeen hay ga her a mighty smugal.

     And Paddy, he gave her a mighty smack.

References

• Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 133

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡà/

Verb

gà

1. to set up a collapsible device; to open out; to spread out

   Bá mi ga agbòjò yìí ― Help me open this umbrella

2. to gape open

   Ilẹ̀ á gà jù ọ́ lọ ― The ground shall open and swallow you up

Usage notes

• ga before a direct object

Derived terms

• ẹṣin ń lekó, òròmọ adìẹ ń gàdí
• gàga
• gbólóhùn gígà (“cleft sentence”)

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡà/

1. to set someone up for a joke; (literally) to make someone believe what may not be true of themself in a joking manner

   mo ń gà ẹ́ ni ― I am only setting you up for a joke

2. (transitive) to tickle

   Synonyms: rìn, rìn ní ìgàkè, gà léèégìnnì, rìn léèégìnnì

Derived terms

• gà léèégìnnì (“to tickle someone with a tickle”)

 

Related terms

• ìgàkè (“tickle”)
• èégìnnì (“tickle”)
• ẹ̀fẹ̀ (“joke”)
• àwàdà (“comedy”)

Usage notes

• ga before a direct object

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

• gọn (Ìjẹ̀bú)
• go (Ìkálẹ̀, Oǹdó, Ifẹ̀)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡā/

Verb

ga

1. to be tall

   Antonym: kúrú

2. (idiomatic) to be beyond that which can be tolerated or described

Derived terms

• gíga (“tallness; height”)
• ó ga! (“this is beyond description!”)

 

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡá/

Verb

gá

1. to stand aloof
2. to become tired or fed up

   Synonym: gọ́

   ọ̀rọ̀ náàá gá mi ― This matter has caused me to be fed up

Derived terms

• agá (“one who stands aloof, one who is fed up”)
• gígá
• ìgá

 

Zazaki

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Related to Persian گاو‎ (gâv).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡɑ]
• Hyphenation: ga

Noun

ga

1. ox
2. bull
3. (astronomy, astrology) Taurus

Zhuang

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *p.qaːᴬ (“leg”). Cognate with Thai ขา (kǎa), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ, Lao ຂາ (khā), Lü ᦃᦱ (ẋaa), Shan ၶႃ (khǎa), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥴ (xáa), Ahom 𑜁𑜡 (khā), Bouyei gal.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /ka˨˦/
• Tone numbers: ga¹
• Hyphenation: ga

Noun

ga (Sawndip forms 𮛑 or 胩 or 跏 or 軻, 1957–1982 spelling ga)

1. (anatomy) leg
2. leg (of a chair, table, etc.)

Classifier

ga (1957–1982 spelling ga)

1. quarter of (a butchered four-legged animal)
2. one of a pair of long, thin objects (shoes, socks, gloves, chopsticks, etc.)