gar

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See also: GAR, gár, gär, går, gar-, ġar, and Gar

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English gar, gare, gere, gore, from Old English gār (“spear, dart, javelin, shaft, arrow, weapon, arms”), from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (“spear, pike, javelin”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰayso- (“pointed stick, spear”), from *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”). Cognate with West Frisian gear, Dutch geer (“pointed weapon, spear”), German Ger (“spear”), Norwegian geir (“spear”), Icelandic geir (“spear”). Related to gore.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar (plural gars)

  1. (obsolete) A spear.

Etymology 2[edit]

Clipping of garfish.

Noun[edit]

gar (plural gars)

  1. (especially US, Canada) Any of several North American fish of the family Lepisosteidae that have long, narrow jaws.
  2. (especially Britain, Ireland) A garfish, Belone belone.
Usage notes[edit]
  • The European species was the original gar, and the North American gars were named after it, with other common names also shared between the two. In modern usage an attempt has been made to restrict "gar" to the North American fish and "garfish" to the European ones, but both names can be found for both types. Context can help: the North American gars are freshwater fish of a very primitive type, while the European gars are saltwater fish known for their green bones and their association with mackerel in folklore.
Translations[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gerva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare yare; but also Old Cornish gorra (“put, place, set”).

Verb[edit]

gar (third-person singular simple present gars, present participle garring, simple past and past participle gart)

  1. (now chiefly Britain dialectal) To make, compel (someone to do something); to cause (something to be done). [14th-19th c.]
    • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book XX:
      I shall firste begyn at Sandwyche, and there I shall go in my shearte, barefoote, and at every ten myles ende I shall founde and gar make an house of religious, of what order that ye woll assygne me [...].
    • 1885, Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Night 15:
      Time gars me tremble. Ah, how sore the baulk! / While Time in pride of strength cloth ever stalk [...].

Anagrams[edit]

Basque[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar inan

  1. blaze

Breton[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Brythonic *garr, from Proto-Celtic *garros.

Noun[edit]

gar f (plural garoù)

  1. leg

Mutation[edit]

  Mutation of gar  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard
singular gar c'har unchanged kar
plural garoù c'haroù unchanged karoù

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun[edit]

gar

  1. Soft mutation of kar.

Mutation[edit]

  Mutation of gar  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard
singular kar gar c'har unchanged
plural kerent gerent c'herent unchanged

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German gare (inflected garw-), from Old High German garo, from Proto-West Germanic *garu, from Proto-Germanic *garwaz.

Cognate with Dutch gaar, archaic English yare (“keen, lively, eager”). Related with gerben.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɡaːr/, [ɡaː], [ɡaːɐ̯], [ɡaːʁ]
  • Audio
    		(file)
  • Rhymes: -aːɐ̯, -aː

Adjective[edit]

gar (not comparable)

  1. cooked, done (of food such as meat or vegetables: ready for consumption)

Declension[edit]

Declension of gar
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter all genders
predicative er ist gar sie ist gar es ist gar sie sind gar
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative garer gare gares gare
genitive garen garer garen garer
dative garem garer garem garen
accusative garen gare gares gare
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der gare die gare das gare die garen
genitive des garen der garen des garen der garen
dative dem garen der garen dem garen den garen
accusative den garen die gare das gare die garen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein garer eine gare ein gares (keine) garen
genitive eines garen einer garen eines garen (keiner) garen
dative einem garen einer garen einem garen (keinen) garen
accusative einen garen eine gare ein gares (keine) garen

Derived terms[edit]

Adverb[edit]

gar

  1. (with a negative) at all; even
    Synonym: überhaupt
    Sie hat gar kein Geld.
    She has no money at all.
    Er ist gar nicht gekommen.
    He didn't even show up. / He didn't show up at all.
    • 2010, Der Spiegel, issue 25/2010, page 80:
      Ein Verbot sollte es nach Ansicht vieler Ökonomen auch für die sogenannten Leerverkäufe geben. Banken verkaufen dabei Aktien oder Währungen, die sie noch gar nicht besitzen oder allenfalls geliehen haben.
      In the opinion of many economists, there should also exist a prohibition for the so-called short sales. In these, banks sell shares or currencies that they do not own at all yet or have borrowed at best.
  2. (chiefly formal or literary) even; expressing a climax
    Synonyms: sogar, selbst, geradezu
    Ist er ein Dieb? Ein Räuber? Oder gar ein Mörder?
    Is he a thief? A robber? Or even a murderer?
  3. (chiefly formal or literary, with zu) all
    Synonym: all, usually spelt allzu
    Wenn er gar zu frech wird, geben Sie ihm eine kräftige Ohrfeige.
    If he becomes all too impertinent, give him a sturdy slap.
  4. (Austria, Switzerland, otherwise archaic, poetic) very; quite; really
    Synonyms: ganz, recht, sehr, ziemlich
    Das war gar frech von dir!
    That was quite impertinent of you!

Derived terms[edit]

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish gar (“short; near”). See Middle Irish gerr (“short”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

gar (genitive singular masculine gair, genitive singular feminine gaire, plural gara, comparative gaire)

  1. near
  2. (of time) short
  3. (literary) convenient; easy, likely
  4. near, mean, stingy

Declension[edit]

Declension of gar
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative gar ghar gara;
ghara²
Vocative ghair gara
Genitive gare gara gar
Dative gar;
ghar¹ 		ghar;
ghair (archaic) 		gara;
ghara²
Comparative níos gare
Superlative is gare

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms[edit]

  • gar- (“near, close; approximate”)

Noun[edit]

gar m (genitive singular gair, nominative plural garanna)

  1. nearness, proximity
  2. convenience, service; turn, favor

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Declension[edit]

Declension of gar

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative gar garanna
Vocative a ghair a gharanna
Genitive gair garanna
Dative gar garanna

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an gar na garanna
Genitive an ghair na ngaranna
Dative leis an ngar

don ghar

leis na garanna

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
gar ghar ngar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

Latvian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition[edit]

gar (with accusative)

  1. along

Middle English[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar

  1. Alternative form of gare

Old English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *gaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoys- (“pointed stick, spear”).

Cognate with Old Frisian gēr, Old Saxon gēr, Old High German gēr, Old Norse geirr.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

gār m (nominative plural gāras)

  1. (poetic) spear, arrow, dart

Declension[edit]

Declension of gar (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative gār gāras
accusative gār gāras
genitive gāres gāra
dative gāre gārum

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Middle English: gar, gare, gere, gore

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar m inan

  1. (colloquial) Augmentative of garnek.

Declension[edit]

declension of gar
singular plural
nominative gar gary
genitive gara garów
dative garowi garom
accusative gar gary
instrumental garem garami
locative garze garach
vocative garze gary

Further reading[edit]

  • gar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scots[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gǫrva, gørva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare English yare.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

gar (simple past and past participle gart or gert)

  1. to make (somebody or something do something)
    Whit gars ye say that? ― What makes you say that?

Related terms[edit]

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

gar

  1. us (direct object)
    Cò a bhios gar cuideachadh? ― Who will help us?
Usage notes[edit]
  • Adds the prefix n- to the following word if it begins with a vowel:
    Cha robh i gar n-ainmeachadh. ― She didn't mention us.
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Irish gorim, from Proto-Celtic *gʷrenso-,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrenso- (“warm”), from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”); see also Old Irish grís (“heat (of the sun), fire, embers”), Sanskrit घ्रंस (ghraṃsa, “heat of the sun”), Latin formus (“warm”), Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), English warm.[2][3]

Verb[edit]

gar (past ghar, future garaidh, verbal noun garadh, past participle garte)

  1. warm
    a' garadh an làmhan ris an teine ― warming their hands at the fire

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “gar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  2. ^ J. Morris Jones, A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative (Oxford 1913), § 92 iii
  3. ^ J. Morris Jones, A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative (Oxford 1913), § 95 iii (1)

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French gare.

Noun[edit]

gar (definite accusative garı, plural garlar)

  1. station (railway)

Turkmen[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar (definite accusative ?, plural ?)

  1. snow

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar

  1. Soft mutation of car.

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
car gar nghar char
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

West Tarangan[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar

  1. water

Further reading[edit]

  • Richard J. Nivens, A Lexical Phonology of West Tarangan, in Phonological Studies in Four Languages of Maluku (1992, edited by Donald A. Burquest, Wyn D. Laidig)
  • Richard J. Nivens, Borrowing Versus Code-switching in West Tarangan (Indonesia) (2002)
  • E. Wattimury, A. Haulussy, J. Pentry, Sintaksis bahasa Tarangan (1995), page 48

Westrobothnian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ɡɑːr/ (example of pronunciation)
    Rhymes: -óːr

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Norse í gær, í gjár

Noun[edit]

gar

  1. Yesterday (only used in the adverbial form i gar.)
    i gar-o mårjan / i går óm móran
    yesterday morning
    i gar-o äfta
    yesterday evening

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar

  1. Skin-furrow (about the grain of a hide.)
  2. Growth rings in wood.

Declension[edit]

Declension of gar.
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative gar garn gaar garen
accusative gar garn gaar garen
dative   garo   garo
genitive gar-   gar-  
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