gar

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See also: GAR, gár, gär, går, gar-, ġar, and Gar

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Clipping of garfish.

Noun[edit]

gar (plural gars)

  1. (especially US, Canada) Any of several North American fish of the family Lepisosteidae that have long, narrow jaws.
  2. (especially UK, Ireland) A garfish, Belone belone.
Usage notes[edit]
  • The European species was the original gar, and the North American gars were named after it, with other common names also shared between the two. In modern usage an attempt has been made to restrict "gar" to the North American fish and "garfish" to the European ones, but both names can be found for both types. Context can help: the North American gars are freshwater fish of a very primitive type, while the European gars are saltwater fish known for their green bones and their association with mackerel in folklore.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Translations[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gerva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare yare; but also Old Cornish gorra (“put, place, set”).

Verb[edit]

gar (third-person singular simple present gars, present participle garring, simple past and past participle gart)

  1. (now chiefly UK dialectal) To make, compel (someone to do something); to cause (something to be done). [14th–19th c.]
    • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book XX:
      I shall firste begyn at Sandwyche, and there I shall go in my shearte, barefoote, and at every ten myles ende I shall founde and gar make an house of religious, of what order that ye woll assygne me [...].
    • 1885, Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Night 15:
      Time gars me tremble. Ah, how sore the baulk! / While Time in pride of strength cloth ever stalk [...].

Anagrams[edit]

Basque[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar inan

  1. blaze

Breton[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Breton garr, from Proto-Brythonic *garr, from Proto-Celtic *garros.

Noun[edit]

gar f (plural garoù)

  1. leg

Mutation[edit]

  Mutation of gar  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard
singular gar c'har unchanged kar
plural garoù c'haroù unchanged karoù

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

gar

  1. Soft mutation of kar.

Mutation[edit]

  Mutation of gar  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard
singular kar gar c'har unchanged
plural kerent gerent c'herent unchanged

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle High German gare (inflected garw-), from Old High German garo, from Proto-West Germanic *garu, from Proto-Germanic *garwaz.

Cognate with Dutch gaar, archaic English yare (“keen, lively, eager”). Related with gerben.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

gar (strong nominative masculine singular garer, not comparable)

  1. cooked, done (of food such as meat or vegetables: ready for consumption)
  2. (of a metal) refined

Declension[edit]

Positive forms of gar (uncomparable)
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist gar sie ist gar es ist gar sie sind gar
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative garer gare gares gare
genitive garen garer garen garer
dative garem garer garem garen
accusative garen gare gares gare
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der gare die gare das gare die garen
genitive des garen der garen des garen der garen
dative dem garen der garen dem garen den garen
accusative den garen die gare das gare die garen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein garer eine gare ein gares (keine) garen
genitive eines garen einer garen eines garen (keiner) garen
dative einem garen einer garen einem garen (keinen) garen
accusative einen garen eine gare ein gares (keine) garen

Derived terms[edit]

Adverb[edit]

gar

  1. (chiefly in the negative) at all; even
    Synonym: überhaupt
    Sie hat gar kein Geld.
    She has no money at all.
    Er ist gar nicht gekommen.
    He didn't even show up. / He didn't show up at all.
    • 2010, Der Spiegel‎[1], number 25/2010, page 80:
      Ein Verbot sollte es nach Ansicht vieler Ökonomen auch für die sogenannten Leerverkäufe geben. Banken verkaufen dabei Aktien oder Währungen, die sie noch gar nicht besitzen oder allenfalls geliehen haben.
      In the opinion of many economists, there should also exist a prohibition for the so-called short sales. In these, banks sell shares or currencies that they do not own at all yet or have borrowed at best.
  2. (chiefly formal or literary) even; expressing a climax
    Synonyms: sogar, selbst, geradezu
    Ist er ein Dieb? Ein Räuber? Oder gar ein Mörder?
    Is he a thief? A robber? Or even a murderer?
  3. (chiefly formal or literary, with zu) all
    Synonym: all, usually spelt allzu
    Wenn er gar zu frech wird, geben Sie ihm eine kräftige Ohrfeige.
    If he becomes all too impertinent, give him a sturdy slap.
  4. (Austria, Switzerland, otherwise archaic, poetic) very; quite; really
    Synonyms: ganz, recht, sehr, ziemlich; see also Thesaurus:sehr
    Das war gar frech von dir!
    That was quite impertinent of you!
    • 1845, Heinrich Hoffmann, Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug (Struwwelpeter):
      Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug
      The Very Sad Tale with the Matches

Derived terms[edit]

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish gar (“short; near”). See Middle Irish gerr (“short”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

gar (genitive singular masculine gair, genitive singular feminine gaire, plural gara, comparative gaire)

  1. near
  2. (of time) short
  3. (literary) convenient; easy, likely
  4. near, mean, stingy

Declension[edit]

Declension of gar
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative gar ghar gara;
ghara²
Vocative ghair gara
Genitive gaire gara gar
Dative gar;
ghar¹ 		ghar;
ghair (archaic) 		gara;
ghara²
Comparative níos gaire
Superlative is gaire

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms[edit]

  • gar- (“near, close; approximate”)

Noun[edit]

gar m (genitive singular gair, nominative plural garanna)

  1. nearness, proximity
  2. convenience, service; turn, favor

Declension[edit]

Declension of gar

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative gar garanna
Vocative a ghair a gharanna
Genitive gair garanna
Dative gar garanna

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an gar na garanna
Genitive an ghair na ngaranna
Dative leis an ngar

don ghar

leis na garanna

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
gar ghar ngar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

Latvian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition[edit]

gar (with accusative)

  1. along

Middle English[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar

  1. Alternative form of gare

Old English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *gaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“pointed stick, spear”).

Cognate with Old Frisian gēr, Old Saxon gēr, Old High German gēr, Old Norse geirr.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

gār m

  1. (poetic) spear, arrow, dart

Declension[edit]

Declension of gar (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative gār gāras
accusative gār gāras
genitive gāres gāra
dative gāre gārum

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Middle English: gor, gar, gare, gær

Polish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Singular of gary, which is an alteration of *garki, a non-standard form of garnki, plural of garnek.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar m inan

  1. (colloquial) Augmentative of garnek

Declension[edit]

Declension of gar
singular plural
nominative gar gary
genitive gara garów
dative garowi garom
accusative gar gary
instrumental garem garami
locative garze garach
vocative garze gary

Further reading[edit]

  • gar in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • gar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Salar[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Turkic *kār. Compare to Shor қар, Kazakh қар (qar), Kyrgyz кар (kar), Southern Altai кар (kar), Azerbaijani qar, Turkish kar.

Noun[edit]

gar (3rd person possessive {{{1}}}, plural {{{2}}})

  1. snow

References[edit]

Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “qar”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow

Scots[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gǫrva, gørva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare English yare.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

gar (simple past and past participle gart or gert)

  1. to make (somebody or something do something)
    Whit gars ye say that? ― What makes you say that?

Related terms[edit]

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

gar

  1. us (direct object)
    Cò a bhios gar cuideachadh? ― Who will help us?
Usage notes[edit]
  • Adds the prefix n- to the following word if it begins with a vowel:
    Cha robh i gar n-ainmeachadh. ― She didn't mention us.
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Irish gorim, from Proto-Celtic *gʷrenso-,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrenso- (“warm”), from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”); see also Old Irish grís (“heat (of the sun), fire, embers”), Sanskrit घ्रंस (ghraṃsa, “heat of the sun”), Latin formus (“warm”), Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), English warm.[2]

Verb[edit]

gar (past ghar, future garaidh, verbal noun garadh, past participle garte)

  1. warm
    a' garadh an làmhan ris an teine ― warming their hands at the fire
Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  2. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, §§ 92 iii, 95 iii (1)

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Ottoman Turkish غار‎ (gar), from French gare.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡaɾ/, [ɡaɾ̞̊]

Noun[edit]

gar (definite accusative garı, plural garlar)

  1. station (railway)

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013) The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

Turkmen[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Turkic *kār.

Noun[edit]

gar (definite accusative ?, plural ?)

  1. snow

Welsh[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar

  1. Soft mutation of car.

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
car gar nghar char
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

West Tarangan[edit]

Noun[edit]

gar

  1. water

Further reading[edit]

  • Richard J. Nivens, A Lexical Phonology of West Tarangan, in Phonological Studies in Four Languages of Maluku (1992, edited by Donald A. Burquest, Wyn D. Laidig)
  • Richard J. Nivens, Borrowing Versus Code-switching in West Tarangan (Indonesia) (2002)
  • E. Wattimury, A. Haulussy, J. Pentry, Sintaksis bahasa Tarangan (1995), page 48
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