ger

See also: Ger, GER, gér, gèr, gêr, Ger⁺⁶, and Ger.

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English German.

Symbol

ger

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2/B language code for German.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of German terms

English

Mongolian yurts

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Mongolian гэр (ger)/ᠭᠡᠷ (ger).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɛə(ɹ)/
• Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)

Noun

ger (plural gers)

1. A yurt.
   • 2007, Michael Chabon, Gentlemen of the Road, Sceptre, published 2008, page 133:

     The new bek's great-grandfather had passed every night of his life under the sky, on the back of a pony or in the felt walls of a ger, and Buljan retained the ancestral contempt for cities and city dwellers.

   • 2016 November 11, Zahra Jamshed and Stella Ko, “Beyond the yurt: Mongolian life caught on camera”, in CNN‎^[1], spoken by Paul Cox:

     In weather conditions that hit -20 degrees or lower, people in the poorer areas of the city have no access to running water, no access to bathroom facilities, often living in little “yurts” or “gers” on dirt roads.

Translations

yurt — see yurt

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Hebrew גֵּר (ger).

Noun

ger (plural gerim)

1. (Judaism) A male convert to Judaism; a Jewish proselyte.

   Coordinate term: giyoret

Anagrams

• -erg-, EGR, ERG, GRE, Reg, erg, gre, reg

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *gaura. Compare Lithuanian gauras (“hair, down, tuft of hair”), Latvian gauri (“pubic hair”) and Middle Irish gúaire (“hair”).

Noun

ger m

1. squirrel (furry)

   Synonym: ketër

Breton

FWOTD – 17 October 2013

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.

Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English caru (“sorrow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡeːr/

Noun

ger m (plural gerioù)

1. word
   • 1990, Thomas Arwyn Watkins, Martin John Ball, Celtic Linguistics / Ieithyddiaeth Geltaidd: Readings in the Brythonic Languages, page 202:

     Skrijal a rae Loeiz o tistagan ar ger [...] 'Louis screamed in pronouncing the word'.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• geriadur (“dictionary”)

Mutation

Mutation of ger

	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	ger	c'her	unchanged	ker
plural	gerioù	c'herioù	unchanged	kerioù

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Breton.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Chinese

Etymology 1

Clipping of English manager.

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoe⁴

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoe⁴
    • Yale: jèuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoe⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: zê⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœː²¹/

Noun

ger

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) manager
   • 2006 January 10, “薪高上位易 學子爭入「四大」”, in 香港經濟日報‎^[2]:

     做三年可升「sin」（senior）、做六年升「ger」（manager），做滿十年更有機會成為「partner」… [Cantonese, trad.]
     做三年可升「sin」（senior）、做六年升「ger」（manager），做满十年更有机会成为「partner」… [Cantonese, simp.]

     zou⁶ saam¹ nin⁴ ho² sing¹ “sin¹” (senior), zou⁶ luk⁶ nin⁴ sing¹ “zoe⁴” (manager), zou⁶ mun⁵ sap⁶ nin⁴ gang³ jau⁵ gei¹ wui⁶ sing⁴ wai⁴ “partner”... [Jyutping]

     One can be promoted to senior after three years of work, a manager after six years, and even perhaps a partner after ten years […]

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 經理 (“manager”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		經理
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	經理
Cantonese	Guangzhou	經理
	Hong Kong	經理, 阿ger
	Taishan	經理
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	經理
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	經理
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	經理
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	經理
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	經理
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	經理
Southern Min	Xiamen	經理
Wu	Shanghai	經理, 阿大, 阿大先生, 當手
	Suzhou	經理, 大先生

Derived terms

• 阿ger

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoe¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoe¹
    • Yale: jēu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoe¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zê¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœː⁵⁵/

Noun

ger

1. (Cantonese) alternative form of 脧 (“penis”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoe¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoe¹
    • Yale: jēu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoe¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zê¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœː⁵⁵/

Verb

ger

1. (Cantonese) alternative form of 啫 (“to target, to annoy someone verbally”)

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.

Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese [script needed] (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English ċearu (“sorrow”).

Pronunciation

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): [ɡɛːr]
• (Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): [ɡeːr]

• Audio (Revived Middle Cornish):

  (file)

Noun

ger m (plural geryow)

1. word, term
2. saying
3. report

Derived terms

• ger alhwedh (“keyword”)
• ger da (“good reputation”)
• ger kesstyr (“synonym”)
• ger mell (“article (grammar)”)
• ger rag ger (“word for word”)
• ger tremena (“password”)
• gerda (“fame”)
• gerdhal (“dyslexic”)
• gerdhelni (“dyslexia”)
• gerennek (“verbose”)
• gerlyver (“dictionary”)
• gerva (“vocabulary”)
• gerya (“to babble”, verb)
• geryel (“verbal”)
• geryow (“lyrics”)
• rester geryow (“vocabulary”)

Mutation

Mutation of ger

radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
ger	er	unchanged	ker	her

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse geirr, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰays- (“pointed stick, spear”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡeˀr]

Noun

ger c (singular definite geren, plural indefinite gerer)

1. (obsolete, rare) spear

Declension

Declension of ger

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ger	geren	gerer	gererne
genitive	gers	gerens	gerers	gerernes

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ʃeːɹ]
• Homophone: gerð

Etymology 1

From Old Norse [Term?].

Noun

ger f (genitive singular gerar, uncountable)

1. yeast

Declension

f2s	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	ger	gerin
accusative	ger	gerina
dative	ger	gerini
genitive	gerar	gerarinnar

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ger

1. third-person singular present of gera
2. imperative singular of gera

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /cɛːr/
• Rhymes: -ɛːr

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Danish gær, from Old Norse gerð, from Proto-Germanic *garwidō.

Noun

ger n (genitive singular gers, no plural)

1. yeast

   Synonym: jöstur

Declension

Declension of ger (sg-only neuter)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	ger	gerið
accusative	ger	gerið
dative	geri	gerinu
genitive	gers	gersins

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Norse gør, from Proto-Germanic *garwiją or *gerwą.

Noun

ger n (genitive singular gers, no plural)

1. rotting things (as feed)
2. flock, swarm (of carrion birds, flies, etc.)

Declension

Declension of ger (sg-only neuter)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	ger	gerið
accusative	ger	gerið
dative	geri	gerinu
genitive	gers	gersins

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Norse gerr, gjǫrr, gǫrr, from Proto-Germanic *garwaz.

Adjective

ger (not comparable)

1. ready, fully prepared

Declension

Positive forms of ger

strong declension (indefinite)	singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	ger	ger	gert
	accusative	geran	gera
	dative	gerum	gerri	geru
	genitive	gers	gerrar	gers
	plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	gerir	gerar	ger
	accusative	gera
	dative	gerum
	genitive	gerra
weak declension (definite)	singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	geri	gera	gera
	acc/dat/gen	gera	geru
	plural (all-case)	geru

Related terms

• gersemi

Etymology 4

Inherited from Old Norse gerr, cognate with Old High German ger (“greedy”).

Adjective

ger (comparative gerari, superlative gerastur)

1. greedy, gluttonous

Declension

Positive forms of ger

strong declension (indefinite)	singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	ger	ger	gert
	accusative	geran	gera
	dative	gerum	gerri	geru
	genitive	gers	gerrar	gers
	plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	gerir	gerar	ger
	accusative	gera
	dative	gerum
	genitive	gerra
weak declension (definite)	singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	geri	gera	gera
	acc/dat/gen	gera	geru
	plural (all-case)	geru

Comparative forms of ger

weak declension (definite)		masculine	feminine	neuter
	singular (all-case)	gerari	gerari	gerara
	plural (all-case)	gerari

Superlative forms of ger

strong declension (indefinite)	singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	gerastur	gerust	gerast
	accusative	gerastan	gerasta
	dative	gerustum	gerastri	gerustu
	genitive	gerasts	gerastrar	gerasts
	plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	gerastir	gerastar	gerust
	accusative	gerasta
	dative	gerustum
	genitive	gerastra
weak declension (definite)	singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	gerasti	gerasta	gerasta
	acc/dat/gen	gerasta	gerustu
	plural (all-case)	gerustu

Etymology 5

Inherited from Old Norse gerr, gjǫrr, gørr, from Proto-Germanic *garwiz, comparative of the adverb corresponding to ger (3).

Adverb

ger (comparative form; superlative gerst)

1. better, more thoroughly

References

• Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989), “ger”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jeːr/
• Rhymes: -eːr

Noun

ġēr n (nominative plural ġēr) (Late West Saxon, Anglian, late Kentish)

1. alternative form of ġēar

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	ġēr	ġēr
accusative	ġēr	ġēr
genitive	ġēres	ġēra
dative	ġēre	ġērum

Old High German

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *gaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (“spear”).

Noun

gēr m

1. spear

   Synonym: azgēr

Declension

Declension of gēr (masculine a-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	gēr	gērā, gēra
accusative	gēr	gērā, gēra
genitive	gēres	gēro
dative	gēre	gērum
instrumental	gēru	—

Derived terms

• azgēr

Descendants

• ⇒? Latin: Germanus
• Lombardic: ger
  • →⇒ Italian: gherone
• Middle High German: gēr
  • German: Ger

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *ger, from Proto-Germanic *geraz.

Adjective

gër

1. greedy

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

• giri

Old Saxon

Etymology

Variant of jār.

Noun

gēr n

1. year

Declension

gēr (neuter a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	gēr	gēr
accusative	gēr	gēr
genitive	gēres	gērō
dative	gēre	gērun
instrumental	—	—

Romanian

ger

Etymology

Inherited from Latin gelū, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡ʒer]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ger n (plural geruri)

1. frost (cold weather that causes frost to form)
2. frigidness, frosty weather

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	ger	gerul	geruri	gerurile
genitive-dative	ger	gerului	geruri	gerurilor
vocative	gerule		gerurilor

Related terms

• degera
• gerar

See also

• frig
• brumă

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jeːr/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

ger

1. present indicative of ge, contracted from the archaic giver

Welsh

Etymology

Probably a mutated form of cer, second-person singular imperative of mynd.

Alternatively, related to er (“for, through”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɛr/
• Rhymes: -ɛr

Preposition

ger

1. next to, near

   Synonyms: ar bwys, gerllaw, yn ymyl

2. beside

   Synonym: wrth

Derived terms

• gerbron (“before, in the presence of”)
• gerllaw (“nearby”)

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “ger”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies