ker

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ker"

Translingual

Etymology 1

Clipping of English kernel.

Symbol

ker

1. (mathematics, algebra) kernel

Etymology 2

Clipping of English Kera.

Symbol

ker

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Kera.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Kera terms

English

Noun

ker (plural kers)

1. A chief of the Luo people.

Abinomn

Noun

ker

1. (anatomy) thigh

Cornish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɛːr/

Etymology 1

From Old French chier from Latin cārus. Compare French cher.

Adjective

ker (comparative kerra, superlative an kerra)

1. dear, cherished
2. costly, expensive

Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *kaɨr (“fort, fortified town”). Cognate with Welsh caer and Breton kêr (“town, city”).

Noun

ker f (plural keryow)

1. fort, hill-fort, fortress, city

Derived terms

• Kar- (“city, fort”)

Mutation

Mutation of ker

unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
ker	ger	her	unchanged	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ker

1. hard mutation of ger

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɛr]
• Rhymes: -ɛr

Noun

ker

1. genitive plural of kra

Gagauz

Etymology

Cognate to Turkish gerçek.

Adverb

ker

1. really
2. if

References

• Baskakov, N. A. (1991), İsmail Kaynak, A. Mecit Doğru, transl., Gagauz Türkçesinin Sözlüğü [The Dictionary of Gagauz Turkish] (in Turkish), Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, page 144

German

Interjection

ker

1. alternative spelling of Ker

Hittite

Romanization

ker

1. Broad transcription of 𒆠𒅕

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse ker, from Proto-Germanic *kazą. Doublet of kar, which was borrowed from Danish.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /cʰɛːr/
• Rhymes: -ɛːr

Noun

ker n (genitive singular kers, nominative plural ker)

1. tub, vat

   Synonyms: kerald, stampur

2. vessel, container

   Synonym: ílát

Declension

Declension of ker (neuter)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ker	kerið	ker	kerin
accusative	ker	kerið	ker	kerin
dative	keri	kerinu	kerum, kerjum	kerunum, kerjunum
genitive	kers	kersins	kera, kerja	keranna, kerjanna

Derived terms

• ígulker
• leirker

Khasi

Verb

ker

1. to enclose, to surround

Derived terms

• kper

References

• Singh, U Nissor (1906), Khasi-English dictionary‎^[1], Shillong: Eastern Bengal and Assam Secretariat Press, page 24. Searchable online at SEAlang.net.

Lolopo

Etymology

From Proto-Loloish *ko² (Bradley), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rkəw. Cognate with Nuosu ꈐ (ku), Burmese ခိုး (hkui:), Naxi kv (“to steal”), Drung keu (“to steal”), Chinese 寇 (OC *[k]ʰˤ(r)o-s) (B-S), Tibetan རྐུ (rku), Yakkha खुमा (khuma, “to steal”), Cholim Tangsa guh (“to steal”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʰɯ²¹]

Verb

ker

1. (Yao'an) to steal

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰɜɾ/

Noun

ker m

1. donkey

Old French

Noun

ker oblique singular, m (oblique plural kers, nominative singular kers, nominative plural ker)

1. (Old Northern French) chier

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kazą.

Noun

ker n

1. tub, vessel, goblet

Descendants

• Icelandic: ker
• Faroese: ker
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kjer
• Norwegian Bokmål: kjer
• Old Swedish: kar
  • Swedish: kar
• Old Danish: kar
  • Danish: kar
    • Norwegian Bokmål: kar
    • → Icelandic: kar
    • → Faroese: kar
    • → Norwegian Nynorsk: kar

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “ker”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 238; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kʲer (“to sleep”), from Proto-Tupian *kʲet (“to sleep”).

Cognate with Paraguayan Guarani ke.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ker

Verb

ker (first-person singular active indicative aker, first-person singular negative active indicative n'akeri, noun kera) (intransitive)

1. to sleep
2. to fall asleep

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ker (intransitive, R-ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Causative	monger
Causative-comitative	eroker
Deverbals
-ba'e	okeryba'e
-sab(a)	kesaba / keraba
-sar(a)	kesara / kerara
	Singular		Singular and Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	aker	ereker	oker	oroker	îaker	peker
Permissive	t'aker	t'ereker	t'oker	t'oroker	t'îaker	ta peker
Imperative		eker				peker
Negative indicative	n'akeri	n'erekeri	n'okeri	n'orokeri	n'îakeri	na pekeri
Negative permissive	t'aker umẽ	t'ereker umẽ	t'oker umẽ	t'oroker umẽ	t'îaker umẽ	ta peker umẽ
Negative imperative		eker umẽ				peker umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	gûiké	eké	oké	oroké	îaké	peké
Negative	gûikere'yma	ekere'yma	okere'yma	orokere'yma	îakere'yma	pekere'yma
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	kera
Negative	kere'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe keri		i keri	oré keri	îandé keri
Negative	xe kere'ymi		i kere'ymi	oré kere'ymi	îandé kere'ymi

Related terms

• kera
• kerambu
• keraparar
• kerar
• kerarõ
• kerasem
• keraíb
• kerupaba
• kesaba
• kesapeba
• monger

Descendants

• Nheengatu: kiri

References

• Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (2013), “ker”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil ] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 226, column 2

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Shortened form of kȅrber (“Cerberus”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kêːr/
• Hyphenation: ker

Noun

kȇr m anim (Cyrillic spelling ке̑р)

1. (slang, Bosnia, Serbia) dog

   Synonyms: pȁs; (Croatia) pes, (Montenegro) kucko, bidzin/bizin

2. (slang, chiefly in plural, Bosnia, Serbia) cop, copper

Declension

Declension of ker

	singular	plural
nominative	kȇr	kȅrovi
genitive	kera	kerova
dative	keru	kerovima
accusative	kera	kerove
vocative	keru	kerovi
locative	keru	kerovima
instrumental	kerom	kerovima

Further reading

• “ker”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъřь (“shrub, bush”). Compare Polish kierz, Lower Sorbian keŕ, Czech keř.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ker]

Noun

ker m inan (relational adjective kerový, diminutive krík or kríček)

1. bush, shrub

Declension

Declension of ker
(pattern dub)

	singular	plural
nominative	ker	kry
genitive	kra	krov
dative	kru	krom
accusative	ker	kry
locative	kre	kroch
instrumental	krom	krami

Further reading

• “ker”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

Slovene

Etymology

From the neuter form of Proto-Slavic *jь že. The initial j- in relative pronouns and conjunctions changed to k- through analogy to interrogative pronouns. Compare Serbo-Croatian jer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɛr/

Conjunction

ker

1. because (by or for the cause that; on this account that; for the reason that)

References

• “ker”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

Tatar

Noun

ker

1. dirt

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /cɛɾ/

Noun

ker (definite accusative keri, plural kerler)

1. (archaic) power

Declension

Declension of ker

singular plural nominative ker kerler definite accusative keri kerleri dative kere kerlere locative kerde kerlerde ablative kerden kerlerden genitive kerin kerlerin Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular kerim kerlerim 2nd singular kerin kerlerin 3rd singular keri kerleri 1st plural kerimiz kerlerimiz 2nd plural keriniz kerleriniz 3rd plural kerleri kerleri definite accusative singular plural 1st singular kerimi kerlerimi 2nd singular kerini kerlerini 3rd singular kerini kerlerini 1st plural kerimizi kerlerimizi 2nd plural kerinizi kerlerinizi 3rd plural kerlerini kerlerini dative singular plural 1st singular kerime kerlerime 2nd singular kerine kerlerine 3rd singular kerine kerlerine 1st plural kerimize kerlerimize 2nd plural kerinize kerlerinize 3rd plural kerlerine kerlerine locative singular plural 1st singular kerimde kerlerimde 2nd singular kerinde kerlerinde 3rd singular kerinde kerlerinde 1st plural kerimizde kerlerimizde 2nd plural kerinizde kerlerinizde 3rd plural kerlerinde kerlerinde ablative singular plural 1st singular kerimden kerlerimden 2nd singular kerinden kerlerinden 3rd singular kerinden kerlerinden 1st plural kerimizden kerlerimizden 2nd plural kerinizden kerlerinizden 3rd plural kerlerinden kerlerinden genitive singular plural 1st singular kerimin kerlerimin 2nd singular kerinin kerlerinin 3rd singular kerinin kerlerinin 1st plural kerimizin kerlerimizin 2nd plural kerinizin kerlerinizin 3rd plural kerlerinin kerlerinin Predicative forms singular plural 1st singular kerim kerlerim 2nd singular kersin kerlersin 3rd singular ker kerdir kerler kerlerdir 1st plural keriz kerleriz 2nd plural kersiniz kerlersiniz 3rd plural kerler kerlerdir

Zazaki

Noun

ker

1. deaf