kiri

See also: Kiri, kirî, and kiɽi

Bikol Central

Noun

kirí

1. (medicine) A sore which forms on the upper lip beneath the nose.

Verb

kíri

1. To shake one's head (to express disapproval or denial).

Cebuano

Alternative forms

• kari
• ri — short form, only used mid-sentence

Etymology

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-di. The initial "k(a/i)-" is a common feature among demonstratives: kini (“this”), kana (“that”), and kadto (“that”). Related to diri (“here”), adia (“here be”), ngari (“hither”), and ari (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. Compare Tagalog iri.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kiˈɾi/ [kɪˈɾ̪i]
• Hyphenation: ki‧ri

Adverb

kirí

1. this (closer to the speaker than the listener)

Usage notes

• kari is the form most commonly used by speakers, while kiri may come off as old-fashioned and literary.
• In colloquial usage, the nuances of kiri (“this near me”) and kini (“this near us”) have become blurred, such that both are used interchangeably.

See also

Cebuano demonstrative pronouns

	direct*		indirect*		oblique	locative	allative	existential**		interjection**		manner**
	full	short	full	short				full	short	full	short	full	short
near speaker***	karí kirí	ri	niari niiri	ari iri	kan-ari† kan-iri†	dirí	ngarí	adia	dia	diará	dará	ingon ari	Ø
near speaker and listener***	kaní kiní	ni	niani niini	ani ini	kan-ani† kan-ini†	dinhi	nganhi	ania	nia	niará	Ø	ingon ani	ing-ani in-ani
near listener	kanâ	nà	nianà	anà	kan-anà†	dinhà dirâ	nganhà ngarâ	anaa	naa	naará	nará	ingon anà	ing-anà in-anà
remote	kadto kató	to	niadto niato	adto ato	kan-adto†	didto	ngadto	atua	tua	tuará	turá	ingon adto ingon ato	ing-ato in-ato

^† Archaic
* When the demonstrative is used as a predicate, the full form must be used. Short forms never start sentences.
** Full and short forms used interchangeably. Full forms may be more formal, while short forms may be more colloquial.
*** These two series may be conflated in colloquial Cebuano.

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kirja. Cognate with Finnish kirja and Votic tširjõ.

Noun

kiri (genitive kirja, partitive kirja)

1. writing
2. letter (message)
3. font, script
4. pattern (decorative, e.g., knitted, embroidered, or carved into wood)

Declension

Declension of kiri (ÕS type 24u/padi, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		kiri	kirjad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	kirja
genitive			kirjade
partitive		kirja	kirju kirjasid
illative		kirja kirjasse	kirjadesse kirjusse
inessive		kirjas	kirjades kirjus
elative		kirjast	kirjadest kirjust
allative		kirjale	kirjadele kirjule
adessive		kirjal	kirjadel kirjul
ablative		kirjalt	kirjadelt kirjult
translative		kirjaks	kirjadeks kirjuks
terminative		kirjani	kirjadeni
essive		kirjana	kirjadena
abessive		kirjata	kirjadeta
comitative		kirjaga	kirjadega

Derived terms

• allkiri
• armastuskiri
• kiilkiri
• kindakiri
• kirjandus
• kirjanik
• kirjatuvi
• kirju
• käskkiri

Further reading

• “kiri”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
• “kiri”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “kiri”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
• kiri in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Finnish

Etymology 1

Probably originally a back-formation from kiristää; compare English tighten the gap for the semantic development.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkiri/, [ˈk̟iri]
• Rhymes: -iri
• Syllabification^(key): ki‧ri
• Hyphenation^(key): ki‧ri

Noun

kiri

1. spurt (a sudden but not prolonged action, especially a brief increase in speed of an ongoing action)

   Hän aloitti kirinsä liian aikaisin ja väsähti sata metriä ennen maaliviivaa.

   He started his spurt too early and ran out of steam one hundred meters before the finish line.

   Kiinan taloudellinen kiri on ollut nopea.

   The Chinese economic spurt has been quick.

Declension

Inflection of kiri (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		kiri	kirit
genitive		kirin	kirien
partitive		kiriä	kirejä
illative		kiriin	kireihin
		singular	plural
nominative		kiri	kirit
accusative	nom.	kiri	kirit
	gen.	kirin
genitive		kirin	kirien
partitive		kiriä	kirejä
inessive		kirissä	kireissä
elative		kiristä	kireistä
illative		kiriin	kireihin
adessive		kirillä	kireillä
ablative		kiriltä	kireiltä
allative		kirille	kireille
essive		kirinä	kireinä
translative		kiriksi	kireiksi
abessive		kirittä	kireittä
instructive		—	kirein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kiri (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kirini kirini accusative nom. kirini kirini gen. kirini genitive kirini kirieni partitive kiriäni kirejäni inessive kirissäni kireissäni elative kiristäni kireistäni illative kiriini kireihini adessive kirilläni kireilläni ablative kiriltäni kireiltäni allative kirilleni kireilleni essive kirinäni kireinäni translative kirikseni kireikseni abessive kirittäni kireittäni instructive — — comitative — kireineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kirisi kirisi accusative nom. kirisi kirisi gen. kirisi genitive kirisi kiriesi partitive kiriäsi kirejäsi inessive kirissäsi kireissäsi elative kiristäsi kireistäsi illative kiriisi kireihisi adessive kirilläsi kireilläsi ablative kiriltäsi kireiltäsi allative kirillesi kireillesi essive kirinäsi kireinäsi translative kiriksesi kireiksesi abessive kirittäsi kireittäsi instructive — — comitative — kireinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kirimme kirimme accusative nom. kirimme kirimme gen. kirimme genitive kirimme kiriemme partitive kiriämme kirejämme inessive kirissämme kireissämme elative kiristämme kireistämme illative kiriimme kireihimme adessive kirillämme kireillämme ablative kiriltämme kireiltämme allative kirillemme kireillemme essive kirinämme kireinämme translative kiriksemme kireiksemme abessive kirittämme kireittämme instructive — — comitative — kireinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kirinne kirinne accusative nom. kirinne kirinne gen. kirinne genitive kirinne kirienne partitive kiriänne kirejänne inessive kirissänne kireissänne elative kiristänne kireistänne illative kiriinne kireihinne adessive kirillänne kireillänne ablative kiriltänne kireiltänne allative kirillenne kireillenne essive kirinänne kireinänne translative kiriksenne kireiksenne abessive kirittänne kireittänne instructive — — comitative — kireinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative kirinsä kirinsä accusative nom. kirinsä kirinsä gen. kirinsä genitive kirinsä kiriensä partitive kiriään kiriänsä kirejään kirejänsä inessive kirissään kirissänsä kireissään kireissänsä elative kiristään kiristänsä kireistään kireistänsä illative kiriinsä kireihinsä adessive kirillään kirillänsä kireillään kireillänsä ablative kiriltään kiriltänsä kireiltään kireiltänsä allative kirilleen kirillensä kireilleen kireillensä essive kirinään kirinänsä kireinään kireinänsä translative kirikseen kiriksensä kireikseen kireiksensä abessive kirittään kirittänsä kireittään kireittänsä instructive — — comitative — kireineen kireinensä

Derived terms

• kirittää
• kiriä

compounds

• kasvukiri
• kiriherkkä
• kirikierros
• kirikyky
• loppukiri

See also

• kiire
• kiiriä

Further reading

• “kiri”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkiri/, [ˈk̟iri] (third-person indicative)
• IPA^(key): /ˈkiriˣ/, [ˈk̟iri(ʔ)] (imperative, indicative connegative)
• Rhymes: -iri
• Syllabification^(key): ki‧ri
• Hyphenation^(key): ki‧ri

Verb

kiri

1. inflection of kiriä:
   1. third-person singular past indicative
   2. present active indicative connegative
   3. second-person singular present imperative
   4. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

• riki

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay kiri, from Proto-Malayic *(kA-)iri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wiʀi, Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wiʀi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈki.ri/
• Rhymes: -ri
• Hyphenation: ki‧ri

Adjective

kiri

1. left (the west side of the body when one is facing north)
2. (politics) left-wing

   Melawan kaum kiri bisa dimulai hari ini juga!

   You can start fighting left-wingers now!

Antonyms

• kanan

Japanese

Romanization

kiri

1. Rōmaji transcription of きり
2. Rōmaji transcription of キリ

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *(kA-)iri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wiʀi (compare Makasar kairi), from Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wiʀi, a prefixed form of *wiʀi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kiri/
• Rhymes: -iri, -ri, -i

Adjective

kiri (Jawi spelling کيري, comparative lebih kiri, superlative paling kiri)

1. left (the west side of the body when one is facing north)

Antonyms

• kanan

Descendants

• “kiri”, in Kamus Dewan [The Institute Dictionary] (in Malay), Fourth edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2005, →ISBN
• “kiri”, in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu [Malay Literary Reference Centre] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Maltese

Root
k-r-j
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic كِرَاء (kirāʔ). Doublet of kera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɪ.rɪ/
• Rhymes: -ɪrɪ

Noun

kiri m

1. verbal noun of kera: renting

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *kili (compare with Hawaiian ʻili), from Proto-Oceanic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit (compare with Malay kulit), from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC (“rind”).

Noun

kiri

1. (anatomy) skin
2. peel, bark, rind
3. hide, leather
4. surface

References

• “kiri” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Rapa Nui

Noun

kiri

1. skin
2. bark (of a tree)

Derived terms

• kiri vaꞌe

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

From English kill.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈki.ri/

Verb

kiri

1. (transitive) To kill, to murder.
2. (transitive) To end, to shut down.

Derived terms

• kiriman (“killer, murderer”)

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic أَقَرَّ (ʔaqarra).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-kiri (infinitive kukiri)

1. to accept, admit, acknowledge, recognise

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kiri
Positive present -nakiri Subjunctive -kiri Negative -kiri Imperative singular kiri
Infinitives
Positive kukiri Negative kutokiri
Imperatives
Singular kiri Plural kirini
Tensed forms
Habitual hukiri Positive past positive subject concord + -likiri Negative past negative subject concord + -kukiri
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakiri) Singular Plural 1st person ninakiri/nakiri tunakiri 2nd person unakiri mnakiri 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakiri wanakiri other classes positive subject concord + -nakiri
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kiri) Singular Plural 1st person sikiri hatukiri 2nd person hukiri hamkiri 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakiri hawakiri other classes negative subject concord + -kiri
Positive future positive subject concord + -takiri Negative future negative subject concord + -takiri
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kiri) Singular Plural 1st person nikiri tukiri 2nd person ukiri mkiri 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akiri wakiri other classes positive subject concord + -kiri
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikiri Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekiri Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekiri Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikiri Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikiri
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akiri) Singular Plural 1st person nakiri twakiri 2nd person wakiri mwakiri 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akiri wakiri m-mi(III/IV) wakiri yakiri ji-ma(V/VI) lakiri yakiri ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakiri vyakiri n(IX/X) yakiri zakiri u(XI) wakiri see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakiri pa(XVI) pakiri mu(XVIII) mwakiri
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekiri "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakiri "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakiri "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikiri "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokiri Consecutive kakiri / positive subject concord + -kakiri Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakiri
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikiri -tukiri 2nd person -kukiri -wakiri/-kukirini/-wakirini 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkiri -wakiri m-mi(III/IV) -ukiri -ikiri ji-ma(V/VI) -likiri -yakiri ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikiri -vikiri n(IX/X) -ikiri -zikiri u(XI) -ukiri see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukiri pa(XVI) -pakiri mu(XVIII) -mukiri Reflexive -jikiri
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kiri- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -kiriye -kirio m-mi(III/IV) -kirio -kiriyo ji-ma(V/VI) -kirilo -kiriyo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiricho -kirivyo n(IX/X) -kiriyo -kirizo u(XI) -kirio see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kiriko pa(XVI) -kiripo mu(XVIII) -kirimo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kiri) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekiri -okiri m-mi(III/IV) -okiri -yokiri ji-ma(V/VI) -lokiri -yokiri ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokiri -vyokiri n(IX/X) -yokiri -zokiri u(XI) -okiri see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokiri pa(XVI) -pokiri mu(XVIII) -mokiri
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -kiria
  • Causative: -kirisha
  • Passive: -kiriwa
  • Reciprocal: -kiriana
  • Stative: -kirika

• Nominal derivations:
  • ukiri (“acceptance, acknowledgement”)

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /kiˈɾi/ [kɪˈɾɪ]
• Rhymes: -i
• Syllabification: ki‧ri

Adjective

kirí (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜇᜒ)

1. flirtatious; coquettish (of women)

   Synonyms: malimbang, mapanlimbang, landi, malandi, talandi, hitad

2. libidinous; lascivious (of women)

   Synonyms: landi, talandi, kirimpot, hitad, handak, handarak, balihanda, libog, malibog

Noun

kirí (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜇᜒ)

1. flirt; coquette

   Synonyms: haliparot, landi, alembong

2. siren (women who lures, tempts, or entices)