Translingual [ edit ]
Stroke order
Han character [ edit ]
更 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰 +3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一中田大 (MLWK ), four-corner 10506 , composition ⿱一 ⿻日 乂 )
Derived characters [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
Kangxi Dictionary: page 502 , character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14283
Dae Jaweon: page 874, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 20, character 2
Unihan data for U+66F4
Chinese [ edit ]
Glyph origin [ edit ]
Old Chinese
更
*kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳
*kraːŋ
埂
*kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭
*kraːŋ
稉
*kraːŋ
梗
*kraːŋʔ
哽
*kraːŋʔ
綆
*kraːŋʔ
鯁
*kraːŋʔ
挭
*kraːŋʔ
骾
*kraːŋʔ
郠
*kraːŋʔ
硬
*ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕
*ŋɡraːŋs
丙
*pqraŋʔ
炳
*praŋʔ
邴
*praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲
*praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪
*praŋʔ
蛃
*praŋʔ
昺
*praŋʔ
昞
*praŋʔ
窉
*praŋʔ
柄
*praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵
*praŋs
寎
*praŋs
病
*braŋs
Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意 ), showing two chariots (丙 ). Later 攴 was added and a 丙 omitted to create the form seen in the Shuowen Jiezi (㪅 ), a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声 , OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs ): abbreviated phonetic 𰀒 ( “ two chariots ” ) + semantic 攴 ( “ hand holding a whip; action ” ) . The remaining 丙 eventually corrupted into a shape similar to 雨 .
Pronunciation 1 [ edit ]
Note : “jīng” - literary variant for sense “to experience”.
Note : literary reading.
Note :
1ken - literary;
1kan - vernacular.
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
更
Reading #
1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
gēng
Middle Chinese
‹ kæng ›
Old Chinese
/*kˁraŋ/
English
change (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
更
Reading #
1/2
No.
866
Phonetic component
丙
Rime group
陽
Rime subdivision
0
Corresponding MC rime
庚
Old Chinese
/*kraːŋ/
Definitions [ edit ]
更
to change ; to replace
to take turns ; to rotate
to experience
28th tetragram of the Taixuanjing ; "change" (𝌡 )
Compounds [ edit ]
Pronunciation 2 [ edit ]
Mandarin
Cantonese
Hakka
Jin
Min Dong
Min Nan
(Hokkien : Xiamen , Quanzhou , Taipei , Lukang , Sanxia , Kinmen , Magong , Hsinchu )
(Hokkien : Zhangzhou , Kaohsiung , Tainan , Yilan , Taichung )
Note : vernacular reading.
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
更
Reading #
1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
gēng
Middle Chinese
‹ kæng ›
Old Chinese
/*kˁraŋ/
English
change (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
更
Reading #
1/2
No.
866
Phonetic component
丙
Rime group
陽
Rime subdivision
0
Corresponding MC rime
庚
Old Chinese
/*kraːŋ/
Definitions [ edit ]
更
( historical ) watch (of a sentry )
三更 ― sāngèng ― third watch
( historical ) one of the five two -hour periods into which the night was formerly divided
( Hong Kong Cantonese , by extension) shift ; work shift ; work period
一日 三 更 ,每 更 八 個 鐘 。 [Cantonese , trad. ] 一日 三 更 ,每 更 八 个 钟 。 [Cantonese , simp. ] jat1 jat6 saam1 gaang1 , mui5 gaang1 baat3 go3 zung1 . [Jyutping] [There are] three shifts each day, eight hours each shift .
Compounds [ edit ]
Pronunciation 3 [ edit ]
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
更
Reading #
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
gèng
Middle Chinese
‹ kængH ›
Old Chinese
/*kˁraŋ-s/
English
still more
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
更
Reading #
2/2
No.
879
Phonetic component
丙
Rime group
陽
Rime subdivision
0
Corresponding MC rime
更
Old Chinese
/*kraːŋs/
Definitions [ edit ]
更
more ; even more
我 的 裙子 更 漂亮 ! ― Wǒ de qúnzi gèng piàoliang! ― My skirt is even more beautiful!
加拿大 的 房子 比 美國 的 更 貴 。 [MSC , trad. ] 加拿大 的 房子 比 美国 的 更 贵 。 [MSC , simp. ] Jiānádà de fángzi bǐ Měiguó de gèng guì. [Pinyin] Canadian homes are even more expensive than American homes.
( literary or Hong Kong ) further ; also
Compounds [ edit ]
Descendants [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
Japanese [ edit ]
更
(common “Jōyō” kanji )
grow late
night watch
of course
renew
Readings [ edit ]
Go-on : きょう ( kyō ) ←きやう ( kyau , historical )
Kan-on : こう ( kō , Jōyō ) ←かう ( kau , historical )
Kun : さら ( sara , 更 , Jōyō ) ; ふかす ( fu kasu , 更かす , Jōyō ) ; ふける ( fu keru , 更ける , Jōyō ) ; あらためる ( arata meru , 更める )
Compounds [ edit ]
Etymology 1 [ edit ]
For pronunciation and definitions of 更 – see the following entry.
(This term, 更 , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
Etymology 2 [ edit ]
For pronunciation and definitions of 更 – see the following entry.
(This term, 更 , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
Etymology 3 [ edit ]
For pronunciation and definitions of 更 – see the following entry.
(This term, 更 , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
Etymology 4 [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
更( こう ) • (kō ) ←かう ( kau ) ?
one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was divided in ancient China
References [ edit ]
Etymology 1 [ edit ]
From Middle Chinese 更 (MC kaengH ).
Pronunciation [ edit ]
(SK Standard /Seoul ) IPA (key ) : [kɛ(ː)ŋ] ~ [ke̞(ː)ŋ] Phonetic hangul: [갱 (ː) /겡 (ː) ] Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Wikisource
更 (eumhun 다시 갱 ( dasi gaeng ) )
Hanja form? of 갱 ( “ again ” ) .
Compounds [ edit ]
Etymology 2 [ edit ]
From Middle Chinese 更 (MC kaeng ).
Pronunciation [ edit ]
更 (eumhun 고칠 경 ( gochil gyeong ) )
Hanja form? of 경 ( “ to change ; to fix ” ) .
Compounds [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典 . [3]
Vietnamese [ edit ]
Han character [ edit ]
更 : Hán Việt readings: canh [1] [2] [3] , cánh [1] [3]
更 : Nôm readings: canh [1] [2] [3] , cánh [1] [2] , cành [1] , gánh [2] , ngạnh [3]
chữ Hán form of canh ( “ to watch ; to guard ” ) .
References [ edit ]