更新

Chinese

		to change; more; even more to change; more; even more; further; still; still more	new; newly; meso- (chem.)
trad. (更新)		更	新
simp. #(更新)		更	新

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gēngxīn

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄥ ㄒㄧㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gang¹ san¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên-sîn / kien-sîn
• Min Nan (POJ): keng-sin / kng-sin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gēngxīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄥ ㄒㄧㄣ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gengshin
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gengsin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
    • Jyutping: gang¹ san¹
    • Yale: gāng sān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gang¹ san¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: geng¹ sen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 庚申 更新

• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên-sîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: gien´ xin´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ xin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕin²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien-sîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: gien xin´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴ xin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵ ɕin²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-sin
    • Tâi-lô: king-sin
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kengsyn
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɕin⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕin⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kng-sin
    • Tâi-lô: kng-sin
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kngsyn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍³³ ɕin³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠæŋ  siɪn/

Rime
Character	更	新
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古行切	息鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠæŋ/	/siɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚaŋ/	/sin/
Shao Rongfen	/kaŋ/	/sjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjŋ/	/sin/
Li Rong	/kɐŋ/	/siĕn/
Wang Li	/kɐŋ/	/sĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɐŋ/	/si̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gēng	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gang1	san1

Verb

更新

1. to update; to replace; to renew; to refresh

   更新博客  ―  gēngxīn bókè  ―  to update a blog

   更新設備 / 更新设备  ―  gēngxīn shèbèi  ―  to replace equipment

   更新知識 / 更新知识  ―  gēngxīn zhīshi  ―  to renew one's knowledge

   更新網頁 / 更新网页  ―  gēngxīn wǎngyè  ―  to refresh a webpage

2. to grow again; to rejuvenate

Synonyms

• (to update): (literary) 鼎新 (dǐngxīn)

Derived terms

• 城市更新 (chéngshì gēngxīn)
• 堂構更新／堂构更新
• 市區更新／市区更新 (shìqū gēngxīn)
• 更新換代／更新换代

• 滌故更新／涤故更新
• 滾動更新／滚动更新 (gǔndòng gēngxīn)
• 萬象更新／万象更新 (wànxiàng-gēngxīn)
• 除舊更新／除旧更新

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (更新):

• → Japanese: 更新(こうしん) (kōshin)
• → Korean: 갱신 (更新, gaengsin); 경신 (更新, gyeongsin)
• → Vietnamese: canh tân (更新)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
更	新
こう Grade: S	しん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) こーしん [kòóshíń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɕĩɴ]

Noun

更(こう)新(しん) • (kōshin) ^{←かうしん (kausin)?}

1. renewal; update

   更(こう)新(しん)履(り)歴(れき)

   kōshin rireki

   update history / changelog

Verb

更(こう)新(しん)する • (kōshin suru) ^{←かうしん (kausin)?} suru (stem 更(こう)新(しん)し (kōshin shi), past 更(こう)新(しん)した (kōshin shita))

1. to renew; to update

Conjugation

Conjugation of "更新する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	更新し	こうしんし	kōshin shi
Continuative (連用形)	更新し	こうしんし	kōshin shi
Terminal (終止形)	更新する	こうしんする	kōshin suru
Attributive (連体形)	更新する	こうしんする	kōshin suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	更新すれ	こうしんすれ	kōshin sure
Imperative (命令形)	更新せよ¹ 更新しろ²	こうしんせよ¹ こうしんしろ²	kōshin seyo¹ kōshin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	更新される	こうしんされる	kōshin sareru
Causative	更新させる 更新さす	こうしんさせる こうしんさす	kōshin saseru kōshin sasu
Potential	更新できる	こうしんできる	kōshin dekiru
Volitional	更新しよう	こうしんしよう	kōshin shiyō
Negative	更新しない	こうしんしない	kōshin shinai
Negative continuative	更新せず	こうしんせず	kōshin sezu
Formal	更新します	こうしんします	kōshin shimasu
Perfective	更新した	こうしんした	kōshin shita
Conjunctive	更新して	こうしんして	kōshin shite
Hypothetical conditional	更新すれば	こうしんすれば	kōshin sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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Korean

Hanja in this term
更	新

Noun

更新 • (gaengsin) (hangeul 갱신)

1. Hanja form^? of 갱신 (“renewal (of the timeline of a contract; of an expiration date); update; refresh”).

Noun

更新 • (gyeongsin) (hangeul 경신)

1. Hanja form^? of 경신 (“breaking a record; setting a new record; renewal (of a record); renovation”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
更	新

Verb

更新

1. Hán tự form of canh tân.