乂
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
Han character
[edit]乂 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 大 (K) or 難大 (XK), four-corner 40000, composition ⿻丿㇏)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 81, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 111
- Dae Jaweon: page 165, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 31, character 3
- Unihan data for U+4E42
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
乂 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 乂 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pictogram (象形) — a tool similar to a knife (Li Xueqin, 2012), perhaps a sickle; see also 辛. In some other versions both on oracle bones and bronzes, it looks like a huge pair of scrissors used to cut weed. The original meaning of "mow, cut weed; sickle" is preserved in 刈. Unrelated to 爻.
Etymology
[edit]Sense "regulate, govern, orderly" is derived from "to mow, cut, reap"; this sense's origin is ambiguous, possibly from "to cut" > "to trim", etc. (Schuessler, 2007). If so, see 刈 (yì) for etymology.
Alternatively, from 禦/御 (yù) (ibid.)
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yì
- Wade–Giles: i4
- Yale: yì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
- Palladius: и (i)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaai6
- Yale: ngaaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai6
- Guangdong Romanization: ngai6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: ngjojH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋa[t]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋads/
Definitions
[edit]乂
- Original form of 刈 (yì, “to weed; to mow”).
- to govern; to control; to manage; to regulate
- 時則物有間之,自一話一言,我則末,維成德之彥,以乂我受民。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE
- Shí zé wù yǒu jiān zhī, zì yīhuàyīyán, wǒ zé mò, wéi chéngdé zhī yàn, yǐ yì wǒ shòu mín. [Pinyin]
- Sometimes things will interfere. Then stick to your words and your speech, and let us be thinking of officers of complete virtues, and to regulate the people whom we have received.
时则物有间之,自一话一言,我则末,维成德之彦,以乂我受民。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to nurture
Compounds
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ài
- Wade–Giles: ai4
- Yale: ài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
- Palladius: ай (aj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaai6
- Yale: ngaaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai6
- Guangdong Romanization: ngai6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]乂
- to discipline; to punish
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
[edit]- Go-on: げ (ge)
- Kan-on: がい (gai)
- Kun: かる (karu, 乂る)、おさめる (osameru, 乂める)←をさめる (wosameru, 乂める, historical)、おさまる (osamaru, 乂まる)←をさまる (wosamaru, 乂まる, historical)、やしなう (yashinau, 乂う)←やしなふ (yasinafu, 乂ふ, historical)、さびい (sabii, 乂い)、こらす (korasu, 乂らす)
Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Hanja
[edit]乂 (eumhun 벨 예 (bel ye))
乂 (eumhun 다스릴 예 (daseuril ye))
- (obsolete) hanja form? of 예 (“to weed; to mow”)
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 刈 (“hanja form? of 예 (“to weed; to mow”)”)
- (obsolete) hanja form? of 예 (“to govern; to control; to manage”)
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 艾 (“hanja form? of 예 (“to govern; to control; to manage”)”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Hanja
[edit]乂 (eumhun 징계할 애 (jinggyehal ae))
References
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]乂: Hán Nôm readings: nghệ, ngải
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading がい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading か・る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おさ・める
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading をさ・める
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おさ・まる
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading をさ・まる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading やしな・う
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading やしな・ふ
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