肺

肺 U+80BA, 肺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80BA ← 肹 [U+80B9] CJK Unified Ideographs 肻 → [U+80BB]

Translingual

Stroke order

Japan (For Chinese, skip stroke 5 and draw stroke 9 so as to cover both strokes 5 and 9.)

Han character

肺 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4 in Chinese, 肉+5 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 月十月 (BJB) or 月卜中月 (BYLB), four-corner 7522₇, composition ⿰月巿(GHTKV) or ⿰月市(J))

References

• KangXi: page 976, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29328
• Dae Jaweon: page 1428, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2047, character 2
• Unihan data for U+80BA

Chinese

trad.		肺
simp. #		肺

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (巿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
沛	*poːbs, *pʰoːbs
芾	*poːbs, *pubs, *pub
伂	*poːbs
霈	*pʰoːbs
旆	*boːbs
肺	*pʰobs
杮	*pʰobs
巿	*pub

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pʰobs): semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 巿 (OC *pub).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p-wap (“lung”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): fèi (fei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄟˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): fei⁴

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фи (fi, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fai³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fei¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): fii⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fi / hi

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fi⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): fei³
• Min Bei (KCR): hi̿
• Min Dong (BUC): hié
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hì / hùi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hui³

• Wu (Wiktionary): ²fi
• Xiang (Wiktionary): fei⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fèi
    • Wade–Giles: fei⁴
    • Yale: fèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fey
    • Palladius: фэй (fɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /feɪ̯⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: fei⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fei
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fei²¹³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фи (fi, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fi⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fai³
    • Yale: fai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐi̯³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fei¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fei³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fii⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɨi³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fi / hi
    • Hakka Romanization System: fi / hi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fi⁴ / hi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fi⁵⁵/, /hi⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fi⁵³/

Note:

• Sixian:
  • fi - literary;
  • hi - vernacular.

Jin

• (Taiyuan)⁺
  • Wiktionary: fei³
  • Sinological IPA (old-style): /fei⁴⁵/

Min Bei

• (Jian'ou)
  • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hi̿
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xi³³/

Min Dong

• (Fuzhou)
  • Bàng-uâ-cê: hié
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiɛ²¹³/

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hì
  • Tâi-lô: hì
  • Phofsit Daibuun: hix
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hi²¹/
  • IPA (Taipei): /hi¹¹/
• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùi
  • Tâi-lô: huì
  • Phofsit Daibuun: huix
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /hui⁴¹/
  • IPA (Taipei): /hui¹¹/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hui²¹/

Note:

• Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
  • hì - vernacular;
  • hùi - literary.

(Teochew)

• Peng'im: hui³
• Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hùi
• Sinological IPA ^(key): /hui²¹³/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: ²fi
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fi³⁴/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: fei⁴
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸe̞i⁴⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 肺
Mandarin	Beijing	/fei⁵¹/
	Harbin	/fei⁵³/
	Tianjin	/fei⁵³/
	Jinan	/fei²¹/
	Qingdao	/fe⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/fi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/fi⁴⁴/
	Xining	/fɨ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/fei¹³/
	Lanzhou	/fei¹³/
	Ürümqi	/fei²¹³/
	Wuhan	/fei³⁵/
	Chengdu	/fei¹³/
	Guiyang	/fei²²¹³/
	Kunming	/fei²¹²/
	Nanjing	/fəi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/fe⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fei⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/xuei³⁵/
	Hohhot	/fei⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/fi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/fi⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/fi⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/fei⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/fe³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/fe⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/fei⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/ɸəi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/fɨi⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/fi⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/fui⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fɐi³³/
	Nanning	/fɐi³³/
	Hong Kong	/fɐi³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hui²¹/ /hi²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hiɛ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xi³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hui²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hui³⁵/ /fɔi³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /pʰʉɐiH/

Rime
Character	肺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	廢 (28)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方廢切
Baxter	phjojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰʉɐiH/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷiɐiH/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuɐiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuajH/
Li Rong	/pʰiuɐiH/
Wang Li	/pʰĭwɐiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯wɐiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fai3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰo[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰobs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	肺
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fèi
Middle Chinese	‹ phjojH ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰo[t]-s/
English	lung
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	肺
Reading #	1/1
No.	3293
Phonetic component	巿
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*pʰobs/
Notes	芳由方校改

Definitions

肺

1. (anatomy) lung

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 肺 (“lung”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		肺
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		肺, 肺臟
Mandarin	Taiwan	肺
	Harbin	肺, 肺子
	Yantai (Muping)	肺
	Jinan	肺
	Luoyang	肺, 肺家 TCM
	Xi'an	肺
	Yinchuan	肺
	Lanzhou	肺子
	Xining	肺
	Ürümqi	肺子
	Wuhan	肺
	Chengdu	肺
	Guiyang	肺
	Xuzhou	肺
	Yangzhou	肺
	Nanjing	肺子, 肺
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	肺子
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	肺子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	肺
	Hong Kong	肺
	Taishan	肺
	Dongguan	肺
Gan	Nanchang	肺
	Lichuan	肺
	Pingxiang	肺, 肺巴子
Hakka	Meixian	肺家
	Yudu	肺
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	肺
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	肺
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	肺家
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	肺家
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	肺家
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	肺
Huizhou	Jixi	肺
Jin	Taiyuan	肺
	Xinzhou	肺子
Min Dong	Fuzhou	肺
Min Nan	Leizhou	肺
	Haikou	肺
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	肺
Wu	Shanghai	肺
	Shanghai (Chongming)	肺
	Suzhou	肺
	Danyang	肺
	Hangzhou	肺
	Ningbo	肺, 肺家
	Wenzhou	肺, 肺斗
	Jinhua	肺
Xiang	Changsha	肺
Note	TCM - traditional Chinese medicine

Compounds

Derived terms from 肺

• 感人肺肝
• 感人肺腑 (gǎnrénfèifǔ)
• 戳肺管子 (chuō fèiguǎnzi)
• 水肺 (shuǐfèi)
• 沁人心肺
• 沁人肺腑
• 沁入肺腑
• 照肺 (zhàofèi)
• 狗肺狼心
• 狼心狗肺 (lángxīngǒufèi)
• 矽肺症
• 硅肺 (guīfèi)
• 肺功能 (fèigōngnéng)
• 肺呼吸
• 肺泡 (fèipào)
• 肺活量 (fèihuóliàng)
• 肺火
• 肺炎 (fèiyán)

• 肺病 (fèibìng)
• 肺癌 (fèi'ái)
• 肺石
• 肺肝 (fèigān)
• 肺腑 (fèifǔ)
• 肺腑之言 (fèifǔzhīyán)
• 肺膜
• 肺草
• 肺蛭 (fèizhì)
• 都市之肺
• 別具肺腸／别具肺肠
• 別有肺腸／别有肺肠
• 動人肺腑／动人肺腑
• 塵肺症／尘肺症
• 沒心沒肺／没心没肺 (méixīnméifèi)
• 潛水肺／潜水肺
• 痰熱阻肺／痰热阻肺
• 祛痰潤肺／祛痰润肺

• 肺動脈／肺动脉 (fèidòngmài)
• 肺動脈幹／肺动脉干 (fèidòngmàigàn)
• 肺吸蟲／肺吸虫
• 肺囊腫／肺囊肿
• 肺塵矽症／肺尘矽症
• 肺循環／肺循环 (fèixúnhuán)
• 肺氣腫／肺气肿 (fèiqìzhǒng)
• 肺癆／肺痨 (fèiláo)
• 肺石風清／肺石风清
• 肺結核／肺结核 (fèijiéhé)
• 肺腸／肺肠
• 肺臟／肺脏 (fèizàng)
• 肺葉／肺叶 (fèiyè)
• 肺靜脈／肺静脉 (fèijìngmài)
• 自有肺腸／自有肺肠
• 鐵肺／铁肺 (tiěfèi)
• 驢心狗肺／驴心狗肺
• 驢肝肺／驴肝肺

Descendants

• → Proto-Tai: *pwɤtᴰ
  • Lao: ປອດ (pǭt)
  • Phake: ပွတ် (pot)
  • Shan: ပွတ်ႇ (pàut)
  • Thai: ปอด (bpɔ̀ɔt)
  • Zhuang: bwt

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pèi (pei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pui³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pèi
    • Wade–Giles: pʻei⁴
    • Yale: pèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pey
    • Palladius: пэй (pɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: pui³
    • Yale: pui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pui³
    • Guangdong Romanization: pui³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːi̯³³/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰˤ[a][t]-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	肺
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pèi
Middle Chinese	‹ phajH ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰˁ[a][t]-s/
English	dense, luxuriant (foliage)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

肺

1. Only used in 肺肺.

References

• “肺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

肺

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. lung

Readings

• Go-on: ほ (ho)
• Kan-on: はい (hai, Jōyō)
• Kun: まごころ (magokoro)

Compounds

• 肺(はい)臓(ぞう) (haizō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
肺
ふくふくし Grade: 6
kun’yomi

• pukupukusi → ɸukuɸusi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɸukuɸukuɕi]

Noun

肺(ふくふくし) • (fukufukushi) 

1. (obsolete, anatomy) lung
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (page 68)

     心肺 々音辨 々訓布々久々之

     Heart Lung. Lung pronunciation is divided. Divided reading Pukupukusi.

   • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 2, page 35)

     肺 白虎通云 音廢 布久布久之 [...] 金之精也 色白 [...] 肺藏也 [...]

     Lung. Said to be white tigers pipe. This pronunciation is obsolete: Pukupukusi. [...] (please add a translation of the rest of this usage example)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
肺
はい Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) はい [hàí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ha̠i]

Noun

肺(はい) • (hai) 

1. (anatomy) lung

Synonyms

• 肺(はい)臓(ぞう) (haizō)

References

• Unknown (794), Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.
• Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
• Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 肺 (MC pʰʉɐiH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	폥〮 (Yale: phyéy)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2]	부〮화 (Yale: pwúhwà)	폐〯 (Yale: phyěy)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʰje̞(ː)] ~ [pʰe̞(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [폐(ː)/페(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

肺 (eumhun 허파 폐 (heopa pye))

1. Hanja form^? of 폐 (“lungs”). [noun]

Compounds

Compounds

• 폐렴 (肺炎, pyeryeom)
• 폐암 (肺癌, pyeam)
• 폐장 (肺臟, pyejang)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

肺: Hán Nôm readings: phế, phổi, chị, phễ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.