改

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改 U+6539, 改
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6539
← 攸
[U+6538]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 攺 →
[U+653A]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

改 (radical 66 攴+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸山人大 (SUOK), four-corner 18740, composition ⿰己攵)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 468, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13114
  • Dae Jaweon: page 816, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1450, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6539

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 改

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (己) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
改 *klɯːʔ
跽 *ɡrɯʔ
己 *kɯʔ
紀 *kɯʔ
妀 *kɯʔ
記 *kɯs
杞 *kʰɯʔ
屺 *kʰɯʔ
芑 *kʰɯʔ
邔 *kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs
玘 *kʰɯʔ
忌 *ɡɯs
鵋 *ɡɯs
誋 *ɡɯs
梞 *ɡɯs

In the oracle bone script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klɯːʔ): phonetic 巳 (OC *ljɯʔ, *lɯs) + semantic 攴.

Since the small seal script, the phonetic component has been changed to 己 (OC *kɯʔ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kóe/ké - vernacular;
  • kái - literary.
Rime
Character 改
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古亥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʌiX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kəiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɒiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəjX/
Li
Rong		 /kᴀiX/
Wang
Li		 /kɒiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑ̆iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gǎi
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 改
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gǎi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kojX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.qˤəʔ/
English change (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 改
Reading # 1/1
No. 5763
Phonetic
component		 己
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 改
Old
Chinese		 /*klɯːʔ/

Definitions[edit]

改

  1. to alter; to change; to modify
  2. to improve; to remodel

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 改

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

改

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. reform
  2. correct
  3. change

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • New Nelson: 2332
  • Halpern: 243
  • Halpern Learners: 180
  • Heisig: 528
  • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 4i3.1
  1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

改 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune-Reischauer kae, Yale kay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

改 (cải, cãi, gởi, gửi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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