革

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See also: 堇 and ䷰
革 U+9769, 革
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9769
← 靨
[U+9768] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 靪 →
[U+976A]
⾰ U+2FB0, ⾰
KANGXI RADICAL LEATHER
← ⾯
[U+2FAF] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾱ →
[U+2FB1]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 177 革

革 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿中十 (TLJ), four-corner 44506)

  1. Kangxi radical #177, ⾰.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1385, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42710
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1899, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4325, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9769

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 革
alternative forms 䪂
𩎎

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 革
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (革) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
革 *krɯːɡ
諽 *krɯːɡ, *kʰrɯːɡ
緙 *kʰrɯːɡ
鞂 *kriːd

Pictogram (象形) – a stretched animal hide: the upper is head, the bottom is the tail and legs.

Compare 皮 (pí), which also features a hide.

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: gaap3 - variant.
Note:
  • 4kaq - colloquial;
  • 4keq - literary.
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 革
    Mandarin Beijing /kɤ³⁵/
    Harbin /kɤ²¹³/
    Tianjin /kɤ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /kə²¹³/
    Qingdao /kə⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /kɤ²⁴/
    Xi'an /kei²¹/
    Xining /kɨ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ka¹³/
    /kə¹³/
    Lanzhou /kə¹³/
    Ürümqi /kɤ²¹³/
    /kei⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /kɤ²¹³/
    Chengdu /ke³¹/
    Guiyang /kɛ²¹/
    Kunming /kə³¹/
    Nanjing /kəʔ⁵/
    Hefei /kɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /kaʔ²/
    Pingyao /kʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /kaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /kəʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /kəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /kɑʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /ka²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /kʰɛʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /ka⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /kə²⁴/
    Xiangtan /kæ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /kiɛʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /ket̚¹/
    Taoyuan /ket̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kap̚³/
    Nanning /kak̚³³/
    Hong Kong /kak̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kik̚³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kaiʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kɛ²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kek̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /kek̚⁵/
    /kɔk̚⁵/
    Rime
    Character 革
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 耕 (119)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古核切
    Baxter keak
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠɛk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚæk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɐk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kəɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/kæk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kæk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ge
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 革 革
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gé gé
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kɛk › ‹ kɛk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˁrək/ /*kˁrək/
    English hide, skin change (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 革
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3835
    Phonetic
    component         		革
    Rime
    group         		職
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		隔
    Old
    Chinese         		/*krɯːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    革

    1. leather; animal hide
    2. (historical) leather armour and weaponry
    3. (historical) ornament on the front of the cart
    4. † Alternative form of 勒 (“headstall”)
    5. to change; to alter; to reform
    6. to remove; to expel
      革職／革职  ―  gézhí  ―  to dismiss; to remove from office
      革扯 [Cantonese]  ―  gaak3 ce2 [Jyutping]  ―  to fire; to dismiss; to remove from office
    7. 49th hexagram of the I Ching
    8. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    革

    1. † Alternative form of 亟 (“terminally ill; critical”)

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    革

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. leather; animal hide; pelt
    2. become serious
    3. change; alter

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    革
    かわ
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    Specialization of 皮(かわ) (kawa, “skin”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    革(かわ) • (kawa) ←かは (kafa)?

    1. leather
      革(かわ)の表(ひょう)紙(し)
      kawa no hyōshi
      leather book cover

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    革 • (hyeok, geuk) (hangeul 혁, 극, revised hyeok, geuk, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk, kŭk, Yale hyek, kuk)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    革: Hán Nôm readings: cách

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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