勒

勒 U+52D2, 勒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52D2 ← 勑 [U+52D1] CJK Unified Ideographs 勓 → [U+52D3]

Translingual

Han character

勒 (radical 19 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十大尸 (TJKS), four-corner 4452₇, composition ⿰革力)

References

• KangXi: page 148, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2386
• Dae Jaweon: page 333, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 374, character 1
• Unihan data for U+52D2

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		勒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (力) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
勒	*rɯːɡ
肋	*rɯːɡ
扐	*rɯːɡ
仂	*rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
艻	*rɯːɡ
朸	*rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
玏	*rɯːɡ
泐	*rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
阞	*rɯːɡ
竻	*rɯːɡ
力	*rɯɡ
屴	*rɯɡ
鳨	*rɯɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lè, lēi (le⁴, lei¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄜˋ, ㄌㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lak⁶, laak⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): lia̍k / le̍k / liak / leh / le̍h

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: lè
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ
    • Wade-Giles: lê⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leh
    • IPA ^(key): /lɤ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: lēi
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟ
    • Wade-Giles: lei¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lhei
    • IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lak⁶, laak⁶
    • Yale: lahk, laahk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lak⁹, laak⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: leg⁶, lag⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /lɐk̚²/, /lɑːk̚²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lek
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liak
    • Tâi-lô: liak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: leh
    • Tâi-lô: leh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: leq
    • IPA (Taipei): /leʔ³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /leʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍h
    • Tâi-lô: le̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: leh
    • IPA (Xiamen): /leʔ⁴/

Note:

• lia̍k/le̍k/liak - literary;
• leh/le̍h - vernacular.

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 勒
Mandarin	Beijing	/lɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/lɤ²¹³/ ～令 /lei⁴⁴/ ～緊
	Tianjin	/lei²¹/ /lɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/lə²¹³/ /lei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/lə⁴²/ /le⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/lei²¹/
	Xining	/lɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lia¹³/ /lə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/lei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/nɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ne³¹/ /nie³¹/
	Guiyang	/lɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/lə³¹/
	Nanjing	/ləʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/laɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/lʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ləʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ləʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ləʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ləʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/le²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/le²²/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/lə²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/næ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/let̚⁵/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lɐk̚²/
	Nanning	/lɐk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/lɐk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/lɛiʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/lɛ⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/lek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lek̚⁵/ /lek̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: /lək̚/▼

Rime
Character	勒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧則切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lək̚/
Li Rong	/lək̚/
Wang Li	/lək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lè

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[r]ˤək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯːɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勒	勒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lè	lè
Middle Chinese	‹ lok ›	‹ lok ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˤək/	/*[r]ˤək/
English	engrave	bridle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勒
Reading #	1/1
No.	7844
Phonetic component	力
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	勒
Old Chinese	/*rɯːɡ/
Notes	說文力聲，金文或單作革，實革轉註分化字

Definitions

勒

1. to strangle, tighten
2. to strap tightly, bind
3. to rein in
4. to compel, force
5. to command, lead

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Japanese

Kanji

勒

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: ろく (roku)
• Kan’on: ろく (roku)
• Kun: くつわ (kutsuwa)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
勒
ろく Hyōgaiji
on'yomi

Middle Chinese 勒

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ろ​く [róꜜkù] (Atamadaka - [1])
  • IPA^(key): [ɾo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

勒 (hiragana ろく, rōmaji roku)

1. bit (metal in horse's mouth)
2. headstall
3. the second of the Eight Principles of Yong

Hypernyms

• 永字八法 (えいじはっぽう) (eiji happō, “the Eight Principles of Yong”)

Coordinate terms

• 側 (そく) (soku, “the first of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 努 (ど) (do, “the third of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 趯 (てき) (teki, “the fourth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 策 (さく) (saku, “the fifth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 掠 (りゃく) (ryaku, “the sixth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 啄 (たく) (taku, “the seventh of the Eight Principles of Yong”)
• 磔 (たく) (taku, “the eighth of the Eight Principles of Yong”)

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Korean

Hanja

勒 • (reuk) (hangeul 륵)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

勒 (lặc, lắc, lấc, lật, lất)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.