勒

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勒 U+52D2, 勒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52D2
← 勑
[U+52D1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勓 →
[U+52D3]
勒 U+F952, 勒
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F952
← 陋
[U+F951] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 肋 →
[U+F953]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

勒 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十大尸 (TJKS), four-corner 44527, composition ⿰革力)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 148, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2386
  • Dae Jaweon: page 333, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 374, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+52D2

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 勒

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (力) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勒 *rɯːɡ
肋 *rɯːɡ
扐 *rɯːɡ
仂 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
艻 *rɯːɡ
朸 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
玏 *rɯːɡ
泐 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
阞 *rɯːɡ
竻 *rɯːɡ
力 *rɯɡ
屴 *rɯɡ
鳨 *rɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯːɡ): semantic 革 + phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ).

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: lēi - vernacular (“to tie tight”) - lè - literary (other senses).
Note:
  • lia̍k/le̍k/liak - literary;
  • leh/le̍h - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 勒
    Mandarin Beijing /lɤ⁵¹/
    Harbin /lɤ²¹³/ ～令
    /lei⁴⁴/ ～緊
    Tianjin /lei²¹/
    /lɤ⁵³/
    Jinan /lə²¹³/
    /lei²¹³/
    Qingdao /lə⁴²/
    /le⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /lɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /lei²¹/
    Xining /lɨ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /lia¹³/
    /lə¹³/
    Lanzhou /lə¹³/
    Ürümqi /lei⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /nɤ²¹³/
    Chengdu /ne³¹/
    /nie³¹/
    Guiyang /lɛ²¹/
    Kunming /lə³¹/
    Nanjing /ləʔ⁵/
    Hefei /laɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /liəʔ²/
    Pingyao /lʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /ləʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /ləʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ləʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ləʔ²/
    Wenzhou /le²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /le²²/
    Tunxi
    Xiang Changsha /lə²⁴/
    Xiangtan /næ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /lɛʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /let̚⁵/
    Taoyuan
    Cantonese Guangzhou /lɐk̚²/
    Nanning /lɐk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /lɐk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lik̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /lɛiʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /lɛ⁴²/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /lek̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /lek̚⁵/
    /lek̚³/
    Rime
    Character 勒
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 登 (131)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 盧則切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lək̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/lək̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/lək̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/lək̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/lək̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/lək̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/lək̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		lak6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 勒 勒
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		lè lè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ lok › ‹ lok ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]ˁək/ /*[r]ˁək/
    English engrave bridle

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 勒
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7844
    Phonetic
    component         		力
    Rime
    group         		職
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		勒
    Old
    Chinese         		/*rɯːɡ/
    Notes 說文力聲，金文或單作革，
    實革轉註分化字

    Definitions[edit]

    勒

    1. bridle (with a bit)
    2. to rein in; to restrain
    3. to command; to lead; to lay out (forces)
    4. (colloquial) to strap tightly; to bind tight; to strangle; to tighten
    5. to restrict; to limit
    6. to compel; to force
    7. to cut; to carve; to engrave
    8. to compile; to bind (to make a book)
    9. to write; to draw; to depict
    10. to extort; to blackmail
    11. to tantalise; to provoke
    12. Short for 勒克斯／勒克司 (lèkèsī, “lux”).
    13. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 於
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 在
    Mandarin Beijing 在, 挨, 跟
    Taiwan 在
    Harbin 在
    Jinan 在, 從
    Wanrong 在
    Xi'an 在
    Ürümqi 在
    Wuhan 在
    Chengdu 在
    Guiyang 在
    Guilin 在
    Liuzhou 在
    Yangzhou 在
    Nanjing 在
    Hefei 在
    Malaysia 在
    Singapore 在
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 在
    Cantonese Guangzhou 喺, 響
    Hong Kong 喺, 響
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 喺, 在
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 喺, 響
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 在
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 在
    Macau 喺
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 喺, 響
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 響, 喺
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 在
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 在
    Foshan 喺, 響
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 喺, 響
    Foshan (Shunde) 喺
    Foshan (Sanshui) 喺
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 喺, 響
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 在
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 在
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 響, 揀
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 揀
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 喺
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 喺
    Taishan 到, 響
    Kaiping (Chikan) 到, 響
    Enping (Niujiang) 到, 響
    Heshan (Yayao) 響
    Dongguan 響, 在, 喺
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 在
    Yangjiang 在
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 喺, 響
    Singapore (Guangfu) 喺
    Gan Nanchang 在
    Lichuan 在
    Pingxiang 在
    Hakka Meixian 喺
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 在
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 在
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 在
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 在
    Conghua (Lütian) 在
    Yudu 在
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 在
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 在
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 在
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 在
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 在
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 在
    Hong Kong 在
    Senai (Huiyang) 在
    Kuching (Hepo) 在
    Jin Taiyuan 在
    Xinzhou 在
    Min Bei Jian'ou 到
    Min Dong Fuzhou 著, 在, 洽
    Fuqing 著, 洽
    Singapore (Fuqing) 著
    Min Nan Xiamen 佇, 踮, 蹛
    Quanzhou 佇, 踮, 蹛
    Zhangzhou 佇, 咧, 蹛
    Zhao'an 佇, 蹛
    Taipei 佇
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 佇
    Kaohsiung 佇
    Yilan 佇
    Changhua (Lukang) 佇
    Taichung 佇
    Tainan 佇, 踮, 蹛
    Hsinchu 佇
    Kinmen 佇
    Penghu (Magong) 佇
    Penang (Hokkien) 佇, 蹛
    Singapore (Hokkien) 佇, 壏
    Manila (Hokkien) 佇, 踮
    Chaozhou 在
    Shantou 在
    Shantou (Chenghai) 在
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 在
    Jieyang 在, 壏, 放
    Haifeng 著
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 在
    Singapore (Teochew) 在, 壏
    Wenchang 佇
    Singapore (Hainanese) 佇
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 在
    Wu Shanghai 辣, 辣辣, 辣海, 辣該
    Suzhou 勒
    Danyang 在
    Ningbo 來, 來勒, 來的, 來東, 來當, 來該
    Wenzhou 是
    Xiang Changsha 在
    Loudi 在
    Shuangfeng 在
    Dialectal synonyms of 正在 (“in the process of; currently”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 正在, 刻正
    Mandarin Beijing 正在, 在
    Taiwan 正在, 在
    Guilin 在
    Malaysia 正在, 在
    Singapore 正在, 在
    Cantonese Guangzhou 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
    Hong Kong 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
    Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 在該, 當在
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 當, 在該
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 在該
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 在該
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 在該
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 正在, 在遐
    Min Dong Fuzhou 著𡅏, 𡅏
    Fuqing 著𡅏
    Singapore (Fuqing) 著𡅏
    Min Nan Xiamen 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
    Quanzhou 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
    Zhangzhou 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 當時
    Tainan 佇咧, 咧, 當咧
    Penang (Hokkien) 佇
    Singapore (Hokkien) 佇
    Manila (Hokkien) 佇咧, 咧
    Shantou 在
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 在
    Wu Shanghai 辣, 辣辣, 辣海
    Ningbo 來, 來的, 來該, 來當, 來東, 來勒
    Wenzhou 是, 是搭

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 勒

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From 在 (MC d͡zʌiX) (Dai, 2004). Compare 哉 > 了. Cognate with Shanghainese 辣.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Phonetik.svg This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
    Particularly: “Suzhounese: leq⁸ /ləʔ⁴³/”

    Definitions[edit]

    勒 (Suzhou Wu)

    1. at, in
    2. the process of; currently

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    勒

    1. Alternative form of 嘞 (lei, “modal particle”).

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    勒

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. halter and bit

    Readings[edit]

    • Go-on: ろく (roku)
    • Kan-on: ろく (roku)
    • Kun: くつわ (kutsuwa, 勒)

    Etymology[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    勒
    ろく
    Hyōgaiji
    on’yomi

    Middle Chinese 勒

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    勒(ろく) • (roku) 

    1. bit (metal in horse's mouth)
    2. headstall
    3. the second of the Eight Principles of Yong

    Hypernyms[edit]

    Coordinate terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    勒 (eum 륵 (reuk))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    勒: Hán Nôm readings: lặc, lắc, lấc, lật, lất

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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