押

押 U+62BC, 押 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62BC ← 抻 [U+62BB] CJK Unified Ideographs 抽 → [U+62BD]

Translingual

Han character

押 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手田中 (QWL), four-corner 5605₀, composition ⿰扌甲)

Derived characters

• 𠶟

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 424, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11929
• Dae Jaweon: page 772, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1851, character 8
• Unihan data for U+62BC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		押

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甲) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
笚	*ʔl'aːb, *ɡraːb
閘	*klaːb, *sɡreːb, *qraːb
鉀	*klaːb, *kraːb
甲	*kraːb
胛	*kraːb
岬	*kraːb
押	*kraːb, *qraːb
玾	*kraːb
呷	*qʰraːb
匣	*ɡraːb
狎	*ɡraːb
柙	*ɡraːb
翈	*ɡraːb
炠	*ɡraːb
鴨	*qraːb
庘	*qraːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraːb, *qraːb): semantic 扌 + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb).

Etymology

Cognate with 壓 (OC *qreːb) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yā (ya¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄚ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ya²

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): niǎ

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): yåq

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): aat³ / aap³

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): nge⁹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): at¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): ngat⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ap

  (Hailu, HRS): ab

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ab⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): ia⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): ă̤
• Eastern Min (BUC): ák
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): or⁶ / ah⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ah / ap

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ah⁴ / ab⁴

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): a⁷

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): aap²
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷aq / ⁷aeq / ⁷iaeq / ⁷iaq / ⁷khaq
  • (Jinhua): ⁵ua; ⁷eq; ⁷iq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ia⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yā
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ya
    • Wade–Giles: ya¹
    • Yale: yā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ia
    • Palladius: я (ja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jä⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ya²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ia
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia²¹/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: niǎ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nia²¹/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: yåq
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): yaq⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iaʔ⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: aat³ / aap³
    • Yale: aat / aap
    • Cantonese Pinyin: aat⁸ / aap⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: ad³ / ab³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aːt̚³/, /aːp̚³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

• • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: nge⁹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɛ²⁴/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: at¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /at̚³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ngat⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋat̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ap
    • Hakka Romanization System: ab^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ab⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ap̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ab
    • Sinological IPA: /ap⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ab⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ap̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ia⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ia²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ă̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ák
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɑʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: or⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ō̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɒ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: or⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɒ²¹/
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ah⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ah
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ah⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aʔ²/

Note:

• or5 - vernacular;
• ah6 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ah / ap
    • Tâi-lô: ah / ap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: aq, ab
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /aʔ³²/, /ap̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /aʔ⁵/, /ap̚⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /aʔ³²/, /ap̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /aʔ³²/, /ap̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /aʔ³²/, /ap̚³²/

Note:

• ah - vernacular (“to pawn; to send under escort; to sign (Taiwan); to arrest (Mainland China); to force”);
• ap - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ah⁴ / ab⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ah / ap
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aʔ²/, /ap̚²/

Note: ab4 - “to rhyme”.

• • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: a⁷
    • Sinological IPA: /a⁵⁵/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: aap²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ap̚³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁷aq
    • MiniDict: ah^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴aq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /aʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /aʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ʔɑʔ⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɑʔ⁴³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /aʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /aʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɐʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ɐʔ⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Songjiang, Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁷aeq
    • MiniDict: aeh^入
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /æʔ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /æʔ⁴⁵/
  • (Northern: Songjiang)
    • Wugniu: ⁷iaeq
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /iæʔ⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁷iaq
    • MiniDict: ieh^入
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /iɑʔ⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Suzhou, Jiaxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁷khaq
    • MiniDict: khah^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴khaq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰaʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /kʰaʔ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kʰɑʔ⁴³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /kʰaʔ⁵⁵/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ua; ⁷eq; ⁷iq
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /uɑ⁵⁵/, /əʔ⁴⁴/, /iəʔ⁴⁴/

Note:

• 7khaq - used in 押牌九.
• Songjiang:
  • 7aeq - vernacular;
  • 7iaeq - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: ia⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i̯a̠²⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'aep, kaep

Rime
Character	押	押
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	狎 (150)	狎 (150)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	烏甲切	古狎切
Baxter	'aep	kaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠap̚/	/kˠap̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚap̚/	/kᵚap̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔap̚/	/kap̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨp̚/	/kaɨp̚/
Li Rong	/ʔap̚/	/kap̚/
Wang Li	/ap̚/	/kap̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔap̚/	/kap̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ya	jia
Expected Cantonese Reflex	aap3	gaap3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤrep/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kraːb/, /*qraːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	押
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yā
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔæp ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁrep/
English	to seal, stamp
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	押	押
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5934	5945
Phonetic component	甲	甲
Rime group	盍	盍
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	甲	鴨
Old Chinese	/*kraːb/	/*qraːb/

Definitions

押

1. (finance) to mortgage; to pledge; to pawn
2. to arrest; to detain; to guard; to take into custody
3. to send under escort; to accompany
4. signature; seal; mark
5. to sign; to seal; to mark (a document, contract, etc.)
6. to take charge of; to control
7. to stake; to bet
8. to rhyme
9. (Hokkien) to force; to compel; to coerce
10. a surname, Ya
11. alternative form of 壓 / 压

Synonyms

• (to mortgage): 抵押 (dǐyā)
• (to arrest):

edit

• 扣 (kòu)
• 扣押 (kòuyā)
• 扣留 (kòuliú)
• 拘留 (jūliú)
• 拘禁 (jūjìn)
• 收押 (shōuyā)
• 看押 (kānyā)
• 羈押 / 羁押 (jīyā) (formal)

• (to rhyme):

edit

• 合轍 / 合辙 (hézhé)
• 壓韻 / 压韵 (yāyùn)
• 押韻 / 押韵 (yāyùn)
• 格聯兒 / 格联儿 (Luoyang)

• (to force):

edit

• 劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
• 勒
• 勒逼 (lèbī)
• 強制 / 强制 (qiángzhì)
• 強迫 / 强迫
• 強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)
• 緊逼 / 紧逼 (jǐnbī)
• 脅迫 / 胁迫 (xiépò)
• 迫
• 迫使 (pòshǐ)
• 逼
• 逼迫 (bīpò)

Compounds

• 假扣押 (jiǎ kòuyā)
• 僉押 / 佥押
• 典押 (diǎnyā)
• 判押
• 十字花押
• 合轍押韻 / 合辙押韵
• 在押 (zàiyā)
• 套畫押字 / 套画押字
• 寄押
• 封押
• 扣押 (kòuyā)
• 押付
• 押入
• 押匯 / 押汇
• 押司
• 押字
• 押孤丁
• 押寨夫人
• 押寶 / 押宝 (yābǎo)
• 押尾
• 押差
• 押帳 / 押帐
• 押床
• 押店
• 押座文
• 拘押 (jūyā)
• 抵押 (dǐyā)
• 抵押品 (dǐyāpǐn)
• 抵押放款
• 抵押權 / 抵押权
• 押放
• 押榜
• 押櫃 / 押柜
• 押款 (yākuǎn)
• 押注 (yāzhù)
• 押牙
• 押牢
• 押番
• 押當 / 押当
• 押票
• 押租 (yāzū)
• 押船
• 押花
• 押衙
• 押解 (yājiè)
• 押赴 (yāfù)
• 押車 / 押车
• 押送 (yāsòng)
• 押運 / 押运 (yāyùn)
• 押金 (yājīn)
• 押鋪 / 押铺
• 押隊 / 押队
• 押韻 / 押韵 (yāyùn)
• 押頭 / 押头 (yātou)
• 收押 (shōuyā)
• 畫押 / 画押 (huàyā)
• 監押 / 监押 (jiānyā)
• 看押 (kānyā)
• 管押
• 簽押房 / 签押房
• 籤押 / 签押
• 紅字黑押 / 红字黑押
• 結押 / 结押
• 羈押 / 羁押 (jīyā)
• 花押 (huāyā)
• 花押印
• 質押 / 质押 (zhìyā)
• 轄押 / 辖押
• 還押 / 还押 (huányā)
• 關押 / 关押 (guānyā)

References

• “押”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “押”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 197.

Japanese

Kanji

押

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to push, to press

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けふ (kefu, historical)}、よう (yō)^{←えふ (efu, historical)}
• Kan-on: おう (ō, Jōyō)^{←あふ (afu, historical)}、こう (kō)^{←かふ (kafu, historical)}
• Kun: おす (osu, 押す, Jōyō)、おさえる (osaeru, 押さえる, Jōyō)、おし (oshi, 押)

Compounds

• 押(おっ)忍(す), 押(お)っ忍(す) (ossu)
• 押(おう)収(しゅう) (ōshū)

Antonyms

• 引 (“pull”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
押
おう Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 押 (MC 'aep).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞ː]

Affix

押(おう) • (ō) ^{←あふ (afu)?}

1. to push, to press

Korean

Hanja

押 • (ap, gap) (hangeul 압, 갑, revised ap, gap, McCune–Reischauer ap, kap, Yale ap, kap)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Kunigami

Kanji

押

(Jōyō kanji)

• Kun: ふすん (fusun, 押ん)

Miyako

Kanji

押

(Jōyō kanji)

• Kun: うす (usu, 押す)

Okinawan

Kanji

押

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Kun: うすん (usun, 押すん)

Tày

Noun

押 (cáp)

1. Nôm form of cáp (“intersection”).

   伩跒沃垱押我𠀧

   Dò kha oóc tàng cáp ngạ ba

   Lift one's legs and venture to where roads meet

Verb

押 (áp; cáp)

1. Nôm form of áp (“to force, to pressure”).

   篤押夸及娘𱽗免

   Đốc áp khoả cắp nàng rầư mến

   Force boys and girls to love each other

2. Nôm form of cáp (“to befriend”).

   𱐍略本押伴略𫶾

   Dú lược bản, cáp bạn lược cần

   If you want to live, choose a place; if you want to make friends, choose people

References

• Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[2] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

Vietnamese

Han character

押: Hán Nôm readings: áp, ắp, ép, ẹp, ét, ếp, ghép, giẹp, ốp, ướp

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

Kanji

押

(Jōyō kanji)

• Kun: うすん (usun, 押すん)