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引

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
引 U+5F15, 引
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F15
← 弔
[U+5F14] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 弖 →
[U+5F16]

Translingual

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Stroke order
4 strokes

Han character

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引 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+1, 4 strokes, Cangjie input 弓中 (NL), four-corner 12200, composition ⿰弓丨)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 356, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9699
  • Dae Jaweon: page 672, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 988, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5F15

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 引
alternative forms 㧈
𢪉

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 引
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (引) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
紖 *l'inʔ
矧 *hlinʔ
訠 *hlinʔ
弞 *hlinʔ, *linʔ
引 *linʔ, *lins
蚓 *linʔ
鈏 *linʔ, *lins
靷 *linʔ, *lins

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 弓 (“bow”) + 丿 (“indicatory stroke”)

Oracle-bone and bronze forms depict a (often slack) bow with a short slant stroke added as an indicatory mark; it most likely marks the place/line of drawing the bow (i.e. pulling the string), hence the basic meaning “to pull; to draw (a bow)”. A newer view takes the stroke as pointing to the bow’s curved section (弓淵) and derives “to draw” secondarily, but this remains less certain (Sun 2025).

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • íⁿ - vernacular;
  • ín - literary.
Note:
  • Chongming:
    • 4yin - vernacular;
    • 5in - literary.
Rime
Character 引 引
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 眞 (43) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 余忍切 羊晉切
Baxter yinX yinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiɪnX/ /jiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jinX/ /jinH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/jenX/ /jenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jinX/ /jinH/
Li
Rong 		/iĕnX/ /iĕnH/
Wang
Li 		/jĭĕnX/ /jĭĕnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯ĕnX/ /i̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǐn yìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jan5 jan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 引 引
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǐn yǐn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yinX › ‹ yinH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*li[n]ʔ/ /*li[n]ʔ-s/
English draw the bow draw the bow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 引 引
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 15306 15312
Phonetic
component 		引 引
Rime
group 		眞 眞
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		引 𦙍
Old
Chinese 		/*linʔ/ /*lins/

Definitions

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引

  1. to pull; to draw (a bow)
  2. to stretch; to extend
  3. to lead; to guide (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  4. to induce; to attract
  5. to recommend; to promote (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  6. to reference; to quote
  7. to pull back; to leave
  8. (archaic) permit; pass
  9. (music) prelude
  10. a style of musical composition
  11. a unit of length, traditionally equal to 10 zhang
  12. (historical) a form of paper money

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (引):
  • → Japanese: 引(いん) (in)
  • → Korean: 인(引) (in)
  • → Vietnamese: dẫn (引)

Etymology 2

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Compare with Zhangzhou Hokkien 咉 (ńg), such as used in 咉公 (ńg-kong), and Hokkien 俺 (án) as per Douglas (1873).”

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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引

  1. (Quanzhou Hokkien, honorific) Prefix for kinship terms.
    引公 [Hokkien]  ―  ín-kong [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  grandpa
    引媽／引妈 [Hokkien]  ―  ín-má [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  grandma
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Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 引 – see 蚓 (“earthworm”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 蚓).
Notes:

Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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引

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. pull
  2. tug
  3. admit

Readings

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Compounds

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Antonyms

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  • 斥 (“repulse”)
  • 押 (“push”)

Derived terms

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
引
いん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 引 (MC yinX|yinH).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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引(いん) • (in) 

  1. the preface to a book; introduction; foreword

Affix

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引(いん) • (in) 

  1. pull; draw out; stretch
  2. lead; induce
  3. bear; undertake; accept (Can we add an example for this sense?) (particularly for "accept")
  4. quote; reference
  5. leave

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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引 (eumhun 끌 인 (kkeul in))

  1. hanja form? of 인 (“pull”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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引: Hán Nôm readings: dẫn, dợn, giỡn, dận, giận

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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