From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: and
U+5F13, 弓
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F13

[U+5F12]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5F14]
U+2F38, ⼸
KANGXI RADICAL BOW

[U+2F37]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F39]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 57, +0, 3 strokes, cangjie input (N), four-corner 17207, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #57, .

Derived characters

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 356, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9692
  • Dae Jaweon: page 671, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 987, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5F13

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𭚥

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a bow.

Etymology

[edit]

Possibly related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ (tree, branch, stem) (Coblin, 1986), semantically connected with the shape of a bent tree branch. Cognate with Burmese ကိုင်း (kuing:, to bend over; to be bent), အကိုင်း (a.kuing:, stalk; branch), Tedim Chin [script needed] (kung¹, tree), Jingpho kung (to branch; to grow), lakung (branch; limb), Lepcha ᰀᰩᰵ (kóng, branch), ᰀᰫᰵ (kúng, tree) (STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) proposes that both Old Chinese (OC *kʷɯŋ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ are derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *koŋ, whence Nyah Kur [script needed] (kóoŋ, bent (in the middle)), Mon ကိုၚ် (to be bent), Khmer កោង (kaong, to bend; to be bent), Khasi pyrkhung (to bend; to arch), Pear kuŋ (bend), Vietnamese cong (to be bent, curved).

Also compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ku(ː)m (arched; vaulted)

Derivatives are (OC *kʷɯːŋ, “(upper) arm”) and (OC *kʰʷɯŋ, “arched; vault; sky”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note:
  • keng - vernacular;
  • kiong - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /kuŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuŋ²¹/
Jinan /kuŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /kəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /kuŋ²¹/
Xining /kuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kũn³¹/
Ürümqi /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /koŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /koŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕyoŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /koŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕioŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /koŋ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /koŋ³¹/
Hefei /kəŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /kuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /kũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /koŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /koŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /koŋ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /kuʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /kan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /koŋ³³/
Xiangtan /kən³³/
Gan Nanchang /kuŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kiuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /koŋ⁵³/
Nanning /kuŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kuŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kiɔŋ⁵⁵/
/kiŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kyŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /keŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /koŋ²³/
/kiaŋ²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/kiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kuwŋ/
Li
Rong
/kiuŋ/
Wang
Li
/kĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gung1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gōng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjuwng ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʷəŋ/
English bow (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4079
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʷɯŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. bow (weapon) (Classifier: )
  2. bow (of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult) (Classifier: )
  3. curved; arched
  4. to arch; to bend
  5. (Jiexi Hakka) rainbow
  6. (obsolete) Synonym of () (a traditional Chinese unit of length and area)
  7. a surname: Gong

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (bow of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult) 弓子 (gōngzi)
  • (to arch): 彎曲弯曲 (wānqū)
  • (rainbow):

Compounds

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. In modern Japanese, only found as a prefix in compounds.[1][2]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Prefix

[edit]

() (yu-

  1. a bow, a bow shape
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
(yumi): Four different types of bow.
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
(yu, yumi, tarashi, kyū): Japanese bows, arrows, and arrow-stand.
Yumi bow parts names
Kanji in this term
ゆみ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.[3] Appears in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), with a phonetic spelling of 由美 ⟨yumi₁⟩, */yumʲi/.[4] A surface analysis suggests a combination of Old Japanese (yu, bow) + suffixing element mi, phonologically distinct from Old Japanese (mi₂ /⁠*mɨ⁠/, body) but otherwise of uncertain derivation.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(ゆみ) (yumi

  1. a bow:
    1. (weaponry) a bow for shooting arrows
    2. (music) a bow for playing a stringed instrument such as a violin or cello
  2. archery
  3. (Shinto) a type of kagura (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away evil
  4. short for ()()(ゆみ) (hama yumi): a ceremonial archery bow with the power to dispel evil
  5. a bow shape, a curve
  6. a bow-shaped tool used to beat ginned cotton into a softer and finer textile
Coordinate terms
[edit]
Derived terms
[edit]

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

Kanji in this term
たらし
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alteration from torashi, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb torasu, from tora as the 未然形 (mizenkei, incomplete form) of verb 取る (toru, to take) + (su, honorific suffix in Old Japanese). Original meaning was “something kept to hand”.[1][2]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(たらし) (tarashi

  1. (rare, honorific) an archery bow, particularly one belonging to a noble
Synonyms
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]

Kanji in this term
きゅう
Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC kjuwng).[1][2] Compare modern Mandarin (gōng).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(きゅう) (kyū

  1. (rare) a bow
  2. (obsolete) in ancient Chinese archery, a unit of length for measuring the distance between the archer and the target; one kyū was equal to six (shaku), roughly six feet or 182 centimeters
  3. (obsolete) in ancient China, a unit of length for surveying land; one kyū was equal to eight (shaku), roughly eight feet or 242 centimeters
Usage notes
[edit]

In modern Japanese, the reading kyū is most often found in compounds.

Derived terms
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  4. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 804:
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

the shape of the Hun bow

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (hwal gung))

  1. hanja form? of (bow (for shooting arrows)

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: cung, cong, củng

  1. a bow

Compounds

[edit]

hình cung (形弓): an arc