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粥

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 鬻
粥 U+7CA5, 粥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CA5
← 粤
[U+7CA4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 粦 →
[U+7CA6]

Translingual

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Han character

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粥 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 弓火木弓 (NFDN), four-corner 17227, composition ⿲弓米弓)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 908, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26938
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1334, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1000, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+7CA5

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (粥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
粥 *ʔljuɡ, *luɡ
鬻 *luɡ

The reduced form of the character 鬻 (OC *luɡ), which was an ideogrammic compound and the original character for "congee".

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad. 粥
simp. # 粥
alternative forms 鬻

Related to 育 (OC *luɡ), 鬻 (OC *luɡ, “to nourish”) (Karlgren, 1956; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Baxter and Sagart (1998) originally derive 粥 (OC *t-ljuk) from 育 (OC *ljuk), but later, Baxter and Sagart (2014) derive 粥 (OC *t-quk) from a root *quk (“to nourish”), which is related to 育 (OC *m-quk), as well as 畜 (OC *qʰuk, “to nourish”).

Alternatively, it may be related to Tibetan ཐུག་པ (thug pa, “Tibetan-style soup, broth, gruel, porridge”) (Bodman, 1980; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: chu̍k - from Cantonese.
Rime
Character 粥
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 之六切
Baxter tsyuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕiuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cuwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭuk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zuk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 粥
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhōu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*t-quk/
English gruel

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 粥
Reading # 1/2
No. 17540
Phonetic
component 		粥
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		粥
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔljuɡ/

Definitions

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粥

Wikipedia has articles on:
  1. congee; rice gruel; porridge
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) weak; feeble
  3. a surname, Zhou
Synonyms
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  • (congee):
Dialectal synonyms of 粥 (“congee”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 鬻, 糜, 饘粥, 糊
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 粥, 稀飯
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 粥
Taiwan 粥, 稀飯
Ulanhot 粥
Tongliao 粥
Chifeng 粥
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 粥
Harbin 粥
Shenyang 粥
Malaysia 粥
Singapore 粥, 稀飯
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 稀飯, 粥
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 粥
Qingdao 稀飯
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 大米湯
Zhengzhou 米湯
Xi'an 米湯
Xining 米湯
Xuzhou 粥
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 米湯
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 米湯
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 稀飯
Bayanhot 米湯
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 稀飯
Wuhan 稀飯, 粥
Guiyang 稀飯
Kunming 稀飯
Guilin 稀飯
Liuzhou 粥, 稀飯
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 粥, 稀飯
Yangzhou 粥, 稀飯
Hefei 粥, 稀飯
Huanggang 粥
Cantonese Guangzhou 粥, 米王
Hong Kong 粥, 米王
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 粥
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 粥
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 粥
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 粥
Macau 粥
Guangzhou (Panyu) 粥
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 米渣
Guangzhou (Conghua) 粥
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 粥
Foshan 粥
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 粥
Foshan (Shunde) 粥
Foshan (Sanshui) 粥
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 粥
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 粥
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 粥
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 粥
Zhuhai (Doumen) 粥
Jiangmen (Baisha) 粥
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 粥
Taishan 粥
Kaiping (Chikan) 粥
Enping (Niujiang) 粥
Heshan (Yayao) 粥
Dongguan 粥
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 粥
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 粥
Qingyuan 粥
Fogang 粥
Yingde (Hanguang) 粥
Yangshan 粥
Lianshan (Butian) 粥
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 粥
Shaoguan 粥
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 粥
Renhua 粥
Lechang 粥
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 粥
Sihui 粥
Guangning 粥
Deqing 粥
Huaiji 粥
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 粥
Yunfu 粥
Xinxing 粥
Luoding 粥
Yunan (Pingtai) 粥
Yangjiang 粥
Xinyi 粥
Lianjiang 粥
Nanning 粥
Wuzhou 粥
Yulin 粥
Hepu (Lianzhou) 粥
Hepu (Shatian) 粥
Guiping 粥
Mengshan (Xihe) 粥
Guigang (Nanjiang) 粥
Beiliu (Tangliao) 粥
Baise 粥
Bobai 粥
Lingshan 粥
Pubei 粥
Qinzhou 粥
Beihai 粥
Beihai (Nankang) 粥
Beihai (Yingpan) 粥
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 粥
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 粥
Ningming 粥
Hengzhou 粥
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 粥
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 粥
Danzhou 粥
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 粥
Penang (Guangfu) 粥
Singapore (Guangfu) 粥
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 粥
Móng Cái 粥
Gan Nanchang 粥, 稀飯
Lichuan 粥
Pingxiang 粥
Hakka Meixian 粥
Dabu (Xihe) 粥
Dabu (Gaobei) 糜
Fengshun (Tangkeng) 糜
Fengshun (Fengliang) 糜
Fengshun (Pantian) 糜
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 粥
Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) 粥
Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) 粥
Huiyang 粥
Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) 粥
Dongguan (Qingxi) 粥
Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) 粥
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 粥
Boluo (Bendihua) 粥
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 粥
Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) 粥
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 粥
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 粥
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 粥
Wuhua (Huacheng) 粥
Wuhua (Changbu) 粥
Wuhua (Mianyang) 粥
Heyuan (Bendihua) 粥
Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) 粥
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 粥
Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) 粥
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 粥
Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) 粥
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 粥
Wengyuan 粥
Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) 粥
Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) 粥
Liannan 粥
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 粥
Jiexi 糜
Luhe 糜
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 糜
Changting 粥
Wuping 粥
Wuping (Yanqian) 粥
Ninghua 粥
Yudu 粥, 稀飯
Ningdu 粥
Shicheng 粥
Shangyou (Shexi) 粥
Tonggu (Sandu) 粥
Ganzhou (Panlong) 粥
Dayu 點心
Taoyuan 糜
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 粥, 糜
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 粥, 糜
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 糜
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 糜
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 糜
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 糜
Hong Kong 粥
Yangxi (Tangkou) 粥
Yangchun (Sanjia) 粥
Xinyi (Sihe) 粥
Xinyi (Qianpai) 粥
Gaozhou (Xindong) 粥
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 粥
Huazhou (Xin'an) 粥
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 粥
Lianjiang (Qingping) 粥
Mengshan (Xihe) 粥
Luchuan 粥
Luchuan (Daqiao) 粥
Sabah (Longchuan) 粥
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 粥
Senai (Huiyang) 粥
Kuching (Hepo) 糜
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 糜
Singkawang 糜
Huizhou Jixi 粥
Huangshan (Tunxi) 粥
Yixian 飯茶
Qimen 粥
Shitai (Xianyu) 粥
Jin Taiyuan 稀粥, 大米粥, 稀飯
Pingyao 米湯
Xinzhou 稀粥, 甜稀粥, 粥
Taibus (Baochang) 粥
Linhe 粥
Jining 稀粥
Hohhot 稀粥
Baotou 稀粥
Dongsheng 粥
Haibowan 稀飯
Northern Min Jian'ou 粥
Eastern Min Fuzhou 粥, 飯粥
Fuzhou (Changle) 粥
Fuqing 糜
Yongtai 糜
Gutian 糜粥
Fu'an 糜粥
Ningde 糜粥
Shouning 糜粥
Zhouning 糜粥
Fuding 糜粥
Matsu 飯粥
Singapore (Fuqing) 糜
Southern Min Xiamen 糜, 飲糜
Xiamen (Tong'an) 糜
Quanzhou 糜, 飲糜
Jinjiang 飲糜
Hui'an 飲糜
Yongchun 飲糜, 糜
Dehua 糜
Zhangzhou 糜, 飲糜
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 飲糜
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 飲糜
Zhao'an 糜
Dongshan 糜
Taipei 糜
New Taipei (Sanxia) 糜
Kaohsiung 糜
Yilan 糜, 飲糜仔
Changhua (Lukang) 糜
Taichung 糜
Taichung (Wuqi) 糜
Tainan 糜, 飲糜仔
Taitung 糜
Hsinchu 糜
Kinmen 糜, 粥糜
Penghu (Magong) 糜
Penang (Hokkien) 粥, 糜
Singapore (Hokkien) 糜 watery, 飲糜 watery, 粥 viscous
Manila (Hokkien) 糜, 飲糜
Longyan 鬻糜
Zhangping (Yongfu) 糜仔, 飲糜仔
Datian 糜仔
Pingnan (Shangdu) 糜
Chaozhou 糜
Shantou 糜
Shantou (Chenghai) 糜
Shantou (Chaoyang) 糜
Jieyang 糜, 飲糜
Haifeng 糜
Bangkok (Teochew) 糜
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 糜
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 糜
Singapore (Teochew) 糜 watery, 粥 viscous
Leizhou 浮糜, 糜
Wenchang 粥, 糜粥
Haikou 粥
Singapore (Hainanese) 粥 broken grain, 糜 whole grain
Puxian Min Putian 飲糜, 糜
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 飲糜
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 飲糜
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 飲糜, 漖糜
Xianyou 飲糜
Xianyou (Fengting) 飲糜
Xianyou (Youyang) 飲糜
Central Min Yong'an 糜
Sanming (Sanyuan) 糜
Sanming (Shaxian) 粥
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 粥
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 粥
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 粥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 粥
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 粥
Shehua Fu'an 糜仔
Fuding 糜
Luoyuan 糜粥
Sanming 糜
Shunchang 糜
Guixi (Zhangping) 糜
Cangnan 糜
Jingning (Hexi) 糜
Lishui 糜
Longyou 糜
Chaozhou 糜
Fengshun 糜
Wu Shanghai 粥, 稀飯
Shanghai (Songjiang) 粥
Shanghai (Jiading) 粥
Shanghai (Chongming) 粥, 米粥
Suzhou 粥
Wuxi 粥
Danyang 粥, 稀飯
Hangzhou 粥, 稀飯
Ningbo 粥, 米粥
Wenzhou 粥
Jinhua 粥
Xiang Changsha 稀飯, 粥
Loudi 羹
Shuangfeng 稀飯, 粥
Quanzhou 稀飯
Descendants
[edit]
Sino-Xenic (粥):
  • → Japanese: 粥(しゅく) (shuku)
  • → Korean: 죽(粥) (juk)

Others:

Compounds

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Etymology 2

[edit]
trad. 粥
simp. # 粥

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 粥
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余六切
Baxter yuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/juwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/iuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/jĭuk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		juk6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 粥
Reading # 2/2
No. 17542
Phonetic
component 		粥
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		育
Old
Chinese 		/*luɡ/
Notes 同鬻

Definitions

[edit]

粥

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 育 (“to give birth; to rear”)
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 鬻 (yù, “to sell”).
  3. a surname

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]
trad. 粥
simp. # 粥

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

粥

  1. (Hokkien) alternative form of 糜 (“congee; porridge”)

References

[edit]
  • “粥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[5], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “粥”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 312.

Japanese

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Kanji

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粥

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. congee

Readings

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  • Go-on: しゅく (shuku)、いく (iku)
  • Kan-on: しゅく (shuku)、いく (iku)
  • Kun: かゆ (kayu, 粥)、ひさぐ (hisagu, 粥ぐ)、うる (uru, 粥る)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
    Kanji in this term
    粥
    かゆ
    Jinmeiyō
    kun'yomi
     粥 on Japanese Wikipedia
     Kayu on Wikipedia
     Congee on Wikipedia

    From Old Japanese. First attested in a portion of the Shoku Nihongi dated to 700.[1]

    Further derivation uncertain. Some theories include:

    • Possible shift from 食湯 (keyu, literally “food + hot water”) or 濃湯 (koyu, literally “thick, rich + hot water”).(Can this(+) etymology be sourced? Particularly: “What sources say this?”)
      • However, neither of these suggested compounds are attested.
    • Possible combination of 加 (ka, “to add; additional”) + 湯 (yu, “hot water”).(Can this(+) etymology be sourced? Particularly: “What sources say this?”)
    • An alternate theory suggests it is an abbreviation of 炊ぎ湯 (kashigiyu).[2]
      • Semantically, this would seem to make the most sense, as the verb 炊ぐ (kashigu) refers specifically to the cooking of grains to make them edible.
      However, a review of other sound shifts and abbreviation patterns shows that any change from kashigiyu to kayu is phonologically unlikely.
      Another issue is that the verb 炊ぐ (kashigu) initially referred to the steaming of rice,[3] which could not have resulted in any kind of kayu or rice porridge. Only later did the practices of cooking rice shift to instead boil rice in water,[3] a necessary step in the making of kayu.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    粥(かゆ) • (kayu) 

    1. [from 700] congee (a type of rice porridge)
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
      Kanji in this term
      粥
      かい
      Jinmeiyō
      kun'yomi

      /kaju/ → /kai/

      Sound shift from kayu.[1][5] First attested in 1563.[1]

      Appears to be archaic. Not listed in references focused on modern pronunciation details.[4]

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Noun

      [edit]

      粥(かい) • (kai) 

      1. [1563­—??] (archaic) congee (a type of rice porridge)

      Etymology 3

      [edit]
        Kanji in this term
        粥
        しゅく
        Jinmeiyō
        on'yomi

        Ultimately from Middle Chinese 粥 (MC tsyuwk). First attested as a standalone noun in Japanese in 1775.[1]

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Noun

        [edit]

        粥(しゅく) • (shuku) 

        1. [from 1775] congee (a type of rice porridge), especially when cooked to be less soft
        2. [date uncertain] (Zen Buddhism) breakfast, as eaten by Zen Buddhist monks

        References

        [edit]
        1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 “粥”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
        2. ^ 前田富祺編著 『日本語源大辞典』 小学館、2005年。
        3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 “炊ぐ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
        4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
        5. ^ “粥”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

        Korean

        [edit]

        Etymology

        [edit]

        From Middle Chinese 粥 (MC tsyuwk).

        Historical readings
        Dongguk Jeongun reading
        Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 쥭〮 (Yale: cywúk)
        Middle Korean
        Text Eumhun
        Gloss (hun) Reading
        Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[7] 쥭〮 (Yale: cywúk) 쥭〮 (Yale: cywúk)

        Pronunciation

        [edit]

        Hanja

        [edit]
        Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

        粥 (eumhun 죽 죽 (juk juk))

        1. hanja form? of 죽 (“congee”)

        Compounds

        [edit]
        • See the hangul entry at 죽 (juk) for compounds of 粥.

        References

        [edit]
        • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [8]

        Vietnamese

        [edit]

        Han character

        [edit]

        粥: Hán Việt readings: chúc, dục
        粥: Nôm readings: cháo

        1. chữ Nôm form of cháo (“rice congee”)
        Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=粥&oldid=88412039"