同

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See also: 仝, 衕, 何, 向, 回, 伺, and 々
同 U+540C, 同
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-540C
← 吋
[U+540B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 名 →
[U+540D]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes

同 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 月一口 (BMR), four-corner 77220, composition ⿵冂𠮛)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 175, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3294
  • Dae Jaweon: page 389, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 578, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+540C

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 同
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鮦 *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ
侗 *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
恫 *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs
痌 *tʰoːŋ
同 *doːŋ
仝 *zlon, *doːŋ
銅 *doːŋ
桐 *doːŋ
峒 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
硐 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
筒 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
洞 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
烔 *doːŋ
挏 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
酮 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
鲖
眮 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
衕 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
哃 *doːŋ
絧 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
姛 *doːŋʔ
詷 *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
胴 *doːŋs
駧 *doːŋs
迵 *doːŋs
戙 *doːŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 凡 (“all”) + 口 (“mouth”) – together.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 同
alternative forms 仝
冈
詷／𫍣
𧇌

Perhaps related to Tibetan སྡོང་བ (sdong ba, “to unite; to join”), Mizo intawng (inᴸ-tɔŋᴴ, “to meet together; to tally; to agree”), Mizo intawn (inᴸ-tɔnF, “to meet together; to tally; to agree”). Unrelated to 叢 (OC *zloːŋ, “to collect; thicket”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • tâng - vernacular;
  • tông - literary.
Note:
  • dang5 - vernacular;
  • tong5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 同
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 定 (7)
    Final (韻) 東 (1)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 徒紅切
    Baxter duwng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/duŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/duŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/duŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/dəwŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/duŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/duŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/dʱuŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		tóng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		tung4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 同
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		tóng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ duwng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*lˁoŋ/
    English together, join

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 同
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12446
    Phonetic
    component         		同
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		同
    Old
    Chinese         		/*doːŋ/
    Notes 甲金文象有節筒管與口協合，
    如此方能音律諧和，
    爲筒    （簫）初文

    Definitions[edit]

    同

    1. same; identical
      同類／同类  ―  tónglèi  ―  people or things of the same kind
      同一個世界，同一個夢想。 [MSC, trad.]
      同一个世界，同一个梦想。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tóng yīge shìjiè, tóng yīge mèngxiǎng. [Pinyin]
      One World, One Dream. (literally "The Same World, The Same Dream")
      同幾首歌／同几首歌 [Cantonese]  ―  tung4 gei2 sau2 go1 [Jyutping]  ―  the same old songs
    2. to be the same as
      同上  ―  tóngshàng  ―  to be the same as above (aforementioned)
    3. together; with each other
      有福同享，有難同當 [MSC, trad.]
      有福同享，有难同当 [MSC, simp.]
      yǒu fú tóng xiǎng, yǒu nàn tóng dāng [Pinyin]
      to share joy together and bear hardship together
    4. with (indicating accompaniment or relationship)
      Synonym: 跟 (gēn)
      我同你去  ―  wǒ tóng nǐ qù  ―  I am going with you.
      他同這件事無關。／他同这件事无关。  ―  Tā tóng zhè jiàn shì wúguān.  ―  He has nothing to do with this.
    5. (introducing the recipient of an action) with
      Synonym: 跟 (gēn)
      有件事情我想同你商量一下。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      Yǒu jiàn shìqíng wǒ xiǎng tóng nǐ shāngliàng yīxià. [Pinyin]
      This is something that I want to discuss with you.
      我先唔同佢哋買呀。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      我先唔同佢哋买呀。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngo5 sin1 m4 tung4 keoi5 dei6 maai5 aa3. [Jyutping]
      I will definitely not buy from them.
    6. used to show comparison
      今年的氣候同往年不一樣。 [MSC, trad.]
      今年的气候同往年不一样。 [MSC, simp.]
      Jīnnián de qìhòu tóng wǎngnián bù yīyàng. [Pinyin]
      The climate this year is different from which of the past.
    7. and
      我買咗一包米同一罐汽水。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      我买咗一包米同一罐汽水。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngo5 maai5 zo2 jat1 baau1 mai5 tung4 jat1 gun3 hei3 seoi2. [Jyutping]
      I bought a pack of rice and a can of soft drink.
      巴西同阿根廷都係南美洲國家。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      巴西同阿根廷都系南美洲国家。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      baa1 sai1 tung4 aa3 gan1 ting4 dou1 hai6 naam4 mei5 zau1 gwok3 gaa1. [Jyutping]
      Brazil and Argentina are both South American countries.
    8. (dialectal, including Cantonese) for
      同我攞杯水，唔該。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      同我𫽋杯水，唔该。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      tung4 ngo5 lo2 bui1 seoi2, m4 goi1. [Jyutping]
      Please get me a cup of water.
    9. (Cantonese) Used in the form of 同我 in imperative sentences for emphasis.
      你同我收聲！／你同我收声！ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 tung4 ngo5 sau1 seng1! [Jyutping]  ―  Shut the heck up!
    10. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (and):
    Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 與, 及
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese
    Mandarin Beijing 跟, 和
    Taiwan 跟, 和
    Yantai (Muping) 和
    Jinan 和, 跟, 給
    Wanrong 和
    Wanrong (Ronghe) 連
    Xi'an 跟, 連
    Yinchuan 連
    Lanzhou 跟, 和
    Xining 帶, 和
    Ürümqi 跟, 連, 和
    Wuhan 跟
    Chengdu 跟, 給, 和
    Guiyang 跟, 同, 和
    Guilin 跟, 和
    Liuzhou 跟, 同, 和
    Xuzhou 給
    Yangzhou 跟, 交
    Nanjing 告, 跟
    Hefei 跟
    Malaysia 和, 跟
    Singapore 和, 跟
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 帶
    Cantonese Guangzhou 同, 同埋
    Hong Kong 同, 同埋
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 同
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 同
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 同
    Macau 同, 同埋
    Taishan 同埋
    Kaiping (Chikan) 同, 同埋
    Dongguan 同, 同埋
    Yangjiang 鄧, 同
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 同
    Penang (Guangfu) 同
    Singapore (Guangfu) 同
    Gan Nanchang 跟, 同
    Lichuan 和
    Pingxiang 同, 跟
    Hakka Meixian 同, 摎
    Yudu 澗
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 摎
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 同
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 摎
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 同
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 摎
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 和
    Hong Kong 摎
    Kuching (Hepo) 佮
    Huizhou Jixi 搭
    Jin Taiyuan 和, 跟
    Xinzhou 給
    Min Bei Jian'ou 邀
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 邀, 儉, 教
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 邀
    Pucheng (Shibei) 邀, 跟
    Min Dong Fuzhou 共
    Changle 共
    Fuqing 共
    Yongtai 共
    Gutian 共
    Fu'an 共
    Ningde 共
    Shouning 隨
    Zhouning 傮, 共
    Fuding 跟
    Min Nan Xiamen 佮, 交
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 佮
    Quanzhou 佮, 交
    Zhangzhou 佮
    Tainan 佮
    Penang (Hokkien) 佮
    Singapore (Hokkien) 佮
    Manila (Hokkien) 佮, 交
    Chaozhou 佮, 共
    Shantou 佮
    Jieyang 佮
    Singapore (Teochew) 佮
    Pontianak (Teochew) 佮
    Leizhou 共
    Wenchang 共
    Haikou 共
    Qionghai 共
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 同, 同埋
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 跟, 邀
    Wu Shanghai 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟
    Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
    Shanghai (Songjiang) 搭
    Suzhou 搭, 搭仔
    Danyang 同, 跟
    Hangzhou 同
    Ningbo 搭, 搭仔
    Wenzhou 伉
    Jinhua 亨, 跟
    Xiang Changsha 跟
    Loudi 跟
    Shuangfeng 跟, 同
    • (for):
    Dialectal synonyms of 替 (“for”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 替, 為
    Mandarin Beijing 給, 替
    Taiwan 給, 替
    Jinan 給, 替
    Xi'an 替, 給
    Wuhan 跟, 幫
    Chengdu 幫, 給, 跟
    Yangzhou 代, 替
    Hefei 代, 幫
    Singapore 替
    Cantonese Guangzhou 同, 幫
    Hong Kong 同, 幫
    Yangjiang 替, 幐
    Gan Nanchang 跟, 幫
    Hakka Meixian 同, 代
    Jin Taiyuan 替, 給
    Min Bei Jian'ou 替, 幫
    Min Dong Fuzhou 替, 共
    Min Nan Xiamen 替, 共
    Quanzhou 共
    Zhangzhou 共
    Tainan 替, 共
    Singapore (Hokkien) 替, 共
    Chaozhou 代, 個
    Wu Shanghai 幫, 搭
    Suzhou 替, 搭
    Wenzhou 代
    Xiang Changsha 幫, 跟, 代
    Shuangfeng 幫
    • (used in imperative sentences for emphasis):
    Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“(used in imperative sentences for emphasis)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 給
    Mandarin Taiwan 給
    Cantonese Hong Kong 同
    Min Nan Tainan 共

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (同):
    • → Japanese: 同(どう) (dō)
    • → Korean: 동(同) (dong)
    • → Vietnamese: đồng (同)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 同 – see 衕 (“passageway; lane; alley; diarrhoea”).
    (This character, 同, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 衕.)
    Notes:

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    同

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    同
    どう
    Grade: 2
    kan’yōon

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 同 (duŋ, “same”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Prefix[edit]

    同(どう) • (dō-) 

    1. same

    Descendants[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 同 (MC duwng).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    同 (eumhun 한가지 동 (han'gaji dong))

    1. Hanja form? of 동 (“same; identical”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    同: Hán Việt readings: đồng (德(đức)紅(hồng)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5][6]
    同: Nôm readings: đồng[1][2][3], đùng[1][3][7], đòng[1], đang[3], rùng[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of đồng (“co-, homo-”).

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
    4. ^ Trần (1999).
    5. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
    6. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
    7. ^ Hồ (1976).
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