洞

洞 U+6D1E, 洞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D1E ← 洝 [U+6D1D] CJK Unified Ideographs 洟 → [U+6D1F]

洞 U+FA05, 洞 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA05 ← 宅 [U+FA04] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 暴 → [U+FA06]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

洞 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水月一口 (EBMR), four-corner 3712₀, composition ⿰氵同)

Derived characters

• 霘, 𪔦, 𢞉

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 620, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17386
• Dae Jaweon: page 1016, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1607, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6D1E

• Unihan data for U+FA05

Chinese

simp. and trad.		洞

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鮦	*duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ
侗	*tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
恫	*tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs
痌	*tʰoːŋ
同	*doːŋ
仝	*zlon, *doːŋ
銅	*doːŋ
桐	*doːŋ
峒	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
硐	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
筒	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
洞	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
烔	*doːŋ
挏	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
酮	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
鲖
眮	*doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
衕	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
哃	*doːŋ
絧	*doːŋ, *doːŋs
姛	*doːŋʔ
詷	*doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
胴	*doːŋs
駧	*doːŋs
迵	*doːŋs
戙	*doːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ, *doːŋs): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).

Etymology

“hole; cavity” > “penetrating; thorough; zero”

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dwa(ː)ŋ (“hole; orifice; cave; pit; well”). Cognate with Burmese တွင်း (twang:), Tibetan དོང (dong, “deep hole; pit”) and Jingpho kha-thung (“well, pit”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dòng (dong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): dong⁴

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дун (dun, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dung⁶, dung^6-2

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): uung⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): tung⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thung

  (Meixian, Guangdong): tung⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): dung³
• Min Bei (KCR): dō̤ng
• Min Dong (BUC): dâe̤ng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tōng / tāng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dang⁷ / tong⁷

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁶don
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong⁴ / dong⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
    • Wade–Giles: tung⁴
    • Yale: dùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
    • Palladius: дун (dun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: dong⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ²¹³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дун (dun, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: dung⁶, dung^6-2
    • Yale: duhng, dúng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung⁶, dung^6-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung⁶, dung^6-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ²²/, /tʊŋ²²⁻³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: uung⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɵŋ³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: tung⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuŋ¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thung
    • Hakka Romanization System: tung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰʊŋ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: dung³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tũŋ⁴⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dō̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dâe̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔyŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōng
    • Tâi-lô: tōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dong
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāng
    • Tâi-lô: tāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dang
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /taŋ²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dang⁷ / tong⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tāng / thōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ¹¹/, /tʰoŋ¹¹/

Note:

• dang7 - vernacular;
• tong7 - literary.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wugniu: ⁶don
  • Wiktionary Romanisation: ³don
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /doŋ²³/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: dong⁴ / dong⁵
  • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /tʊŋ⁴⁵/, /tʊŋ²¹/
  • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /tən⁴⁵/, /tən²¹/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 洞
Mandarin	Beijing	/tuŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/tuŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/tuŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/tuŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/təŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/tuŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/tuŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/tuə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/tuŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/tũn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/tuŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/toŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/toŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/toŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/toŋ¹/
	Nanjing	/toŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/təŋ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tuəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/tuŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/tũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/doŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/doŋ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/doŋ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/doŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰʌ̃²²/
	Tunxi	/tan¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/toŋ⁵⁵/ /toŋ¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/dən²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/tʰuŋ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰuŋ⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/toŋ²²/
	Nanning	/tuŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/tuŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tɔŋ²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tɔyŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/tɔŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/taŋ³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdoŋ³³/ /ʔdoŋ²³/ ～房

---

• Middle Chinese: duwngH

Rime
Character	洞
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒弄切
Baxter	duwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/duŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/duŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwŋH/
Li Rong	/duŋH/
Wang Li	/duŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洞
Reading #	2/2
No.	12469
Phonetic component	同
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	洞
Old Chinese	/*doːŋs/

Definitions

洞

1. hole; cavity; cave
2. (literary, or in compounds) thorough; penetrating
3. the numeral zero (used in radio communications in aviation and by the military)
4. dong, a submunicipal administrative division in North and South Korea

Synonyms

• (hole):

Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		孔, 洞, 穴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴
Mandarin	Beijing	窟窿
	Jinan	窟窿
	Luoyang	窟窿
	Wanrong	窟窿
	Xi'an	窟窿子, 窟窿
	Wuhan	窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞
	Chengdu	窟窿, 洞洞, 洞
	Liuzhou	窿
	Yangzhou	洞, 窟窿
	Nanjing	窟窿
	Hefei	窟窿, 洞
	Singapore	洞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	窿, 咕窿
	Hong Kong	窿, 咕窿
	Taishan	孔
	Yangjiang	窿
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	窿
	Singapore (Guangfu)	窿
Gan	Nanchang	洞
Hakka	Meixian	窿仔, 窿空仔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	空
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	空
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	空
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	空
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	空
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	空
Jin	Taiyuan	窟窿, 窟子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	川
Min Dong	Fuzhou	空空
Min Nan	Xiamen	空, 空口
	Quanzhou	空
	Zhangzhou	空口
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	空
	Taipei	空
	Penang (Hokkien)	空
	Singapore (Hokkien)	空
	Manila (Hokkien)	空
	Chaozhou	空
	Jieyang	空, 洞
	Haifeng	空
	Singapore (Teochew)	空
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	窿
Wu	Suzhou	洞
	Wenzhou	洞, 窟, 窟窿
	Jinhua	窟窿
Xiang	Changsha	洞, 洞子
	Shuangfeng	眼貢, 洞

• (zero):

Dialectal synonyms of 零 (“zero”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		零, 洞 as a digit
Mandarin	Beijing	零
	Taiwan	零
	Harbin	零
	Yantai (Muping)	零
	Jinan	零
	Luoyang	零
	Xi'an	零
	Yinchuan	零
	Lanzhou	零
	Xining	零
	Ürümqi	零
	Wuhan	零
	Chengdu	零
	Guiyang	零
	Liuzhou	零
	Xuzhou	零
	Yangzhou	零
	Nanjing	零
	Malaysia	零
	Singapore	零
Cantonese	Guangzhou	零
	Hong Kong	零
	Macau	零
	Dongguan	零
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	零
	Singapore (Guangfu)	零
Gan	Lichuan	零
	Pingxiang	零
Hakka	Meixian	零
	Yudu	零
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	零
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	零
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	零
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	零
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	零
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	零
Huizhou	Jixi	零
Jin	Taiyuan	零
	Xinzhou	零
Min Bei	Jian'ou	零
Min Dong	Fuzhou	零, 環
Min Nan	Xiamen	空, 零
	Quanzhou	空
	Zhangzhou	空
	Taipei	空
	Kaohsiung	空
	Tainan	空
	Penang (Hokkien)	空
	Singapore (Hokkien)	空
	Manila (Hokkien)	空
	Chaozhou	空
	Shantou	空
	Singapore (Teochew)	空
	Batam (Teochew)	空
	Leizhou	零
	Wenchang	空, 零
	Haikou	空, 零
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	零
Wu	Shanghai	零
	Shanghai (Chongming)	零
	Suzhou	零
	Hangzhou	零
	Ningbo	零
	Wenzhou	零
	Jinhua	零

Compounds

• 三洞
• 上洞人
• 九曲洞
• 仙洞
• 八洞
• 函洞 (hándòng)
• 別有洞天／别有洞天 (biéyǒudòngtiān)
• 勿里洞島／勿里洞岛
• 千佛洞
• 地洞 (dìdòng)
• 坑洞 (kēngdòng)
• 塞狗洞
• 大洞果
• 山洞 (shāndòng)
• 山頂洞人／山顶洞人
• 岩洞 (yándòng)
• 拖牢洞
• 挖洞
• 掘洞
• 晶洞 (jīngdòng)
• 曹洞宗
• 月洞
• 月洞門／月洞门
• 橋洞／桥洞 (qiáodòng)
• 水簾洞／水帘洞
• 法律漏洞
• 洞中肯綮
• 洞仙 (dòngxiān)
• 洞兒／洞儿
• 洞壑
• 洞天 (dòngtiān)
• 洞天福地
• 洞如觀火／洞如观火
• 洞家
• 洞宮／洞宫
• 洞察 (dòngchá)
• 洞察其奸
• 洞察機先／洞察机先
• 洞居
• 洞府
• 洞庭 (dòngtíng)
• 洞庭湖 (Dòngtíng Hú)
• 洞徹／洞彻
• 洞悉 (dòngxī)
• 洞悉明白
• 洞悉真相
• 洞戶／洞户
• 洞房 (dòngfáng)
• 洞房花燭／洞房花烛
• 洞明
• 洞曉／洞晓
• 洞氣／洞气
• 洞洞
• 洞然
• 洞燭／洞烛
• 洞燭入微／洞烛入微
• 洞燭其奸／洞烛其奸
• 洞燭姦邪／洞烛奸邪
• 洞燭機先／洞烛机先
• 洞穴 (dòngxué)
• 洞穿
• 洞窟 (dòngkū)
• 洞窟美術／洞窟美术
• 洞簫／洞箫 (dòngxiāo)
• 洞若觀火／洞若观火 (dòngruòguānhuǒ)
• 洞見／洞见 (dòngjiàn)
• 洞見癥結／洞见症结
• 洞貫／洞贯
• 洞達／洞达
• 洞鑒／洞鉴
• 洞鑒古今／洞鉴古今
• 洞門／洞门
• 洞開／洞开 (dòngkāi)
• 涵洞 (hándòng)
• 漏洞 (lòudòng)
• 漏洞百出 (lòudòngbǎichū)
• 潘洞
• 潮音洞
• 炕洞
• 無底洞／无底洞 (wúdǐdòng)
• 狗洞
• 甕洞兒／瓮洞儿
• 白洞 (báidòng)
• 白鹿洞
• 石洞 (Shídòng)
• 石灰岩洞
• 破洞 (pòdòng)
• 福地洞天
• 空洞 (kōngdòng)
• 空空洞洞
• 窗洞 (chuāngdòng)
• 窯洞／窑洞 (yáodòng)
• 花兒洞子／花儿洞子
• 花燭洞房／花烛洞房
• 芭蕉洞 (bājiāodòng)
• 通幽洞微
• 連闥洞房／连闼洞房
• 鐘乳洞／钟乳洞
• 鑽天打洞／钻天打洞
• 鑽狗洞／钻狗洞
• 門洞／门洞
• 防空洞 (fángkōngdòng)
• 風洞／风洞
• 鬧洞房／闹洞房 (nàodòngfáng)
• 鬼窟洞
• 黃金洞／黄金洞 (Huángjīndòng)
• 黑洞 (hēidòng)
• 黑洞洞 (hēidòngdòng)
• 龍洞／龙洞

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tóng (tong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tung⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung²
    • Yale: túng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
    • Palladius: тун (tun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tung⁴
    • Yale: tùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: duwng

Rime
Character	洞
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒紅切
Baxter	duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/duŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/duŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwŋ/
Li Rong	/duŋ/
Wang Li	/duŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洞
Reading #	1/2
No.	12453
Phonetic component	同
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	同
Old Chinese	/*doːŋ/

Definitions

洞

1. Only used in 澒洞／𭱊洞 (hòngtóng) and 洪洞 (Hóngtóng, “Hongtong”).

References

• “洞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

洞

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. Cave, den, grotto

Readings

• Go-on: ずう (zū)
• Kan-on: とう (tō)
• Kan’yō-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)
• Kun: うつろ (utsuro, 洞); うつろ (utsuro, 洞ろ); ふかい (fukai); ほがらか (hogaraka); ほら (hora, 洞, Jōyō); みぬく (minuku)

Compounds

Compounds

• 洞窟(どうくつ) (dōkutsu)
• 洞察(どうさつ) (dōsatsu)
• 洞簫(どうしょう) (dōshō): xiao (Chinese flute)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 洞 (MC duwngH).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 또ᇰ〮 (Yale: ttwóng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 동 (twong)訓 (Yale: twong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [to̞(ː)ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [동(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

洞 (eumhun 골 동 (gol dong))

1. Hanja form^? of 동 (“hole; cavity; cave”).
2. Hanja form^? of 동 (“dong, a submunicipal administrative division in North and South Korea”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 동리(洞里) (dongni)
• 동굴(洞窟) (donggul)
• 동장(洞長) (dongjang)
• 공동(空洞) (gongdong)
• 대동(大洞) (Daedong)
• 동내(洞內) (dongnae)
• 동문(洞門) (dongmun)
• 동방(洞房) (dongbang)
• 동내방내(洞內坊內) (dongnaebangnae)

Etymology 2

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [tʰo̞(ː)ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [통(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

洞 (eumhun 밝을 통 (balgeul tong))

1. Hanja form^? of 통 (“bright; thorough; penetrating”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 통찰(洞察) (tongchal)
• 통견(洞見) (tonggyeon)
• 통달(洞達) (tongdal)
• 통촉(洞燭) (tongchok)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

洞: Hán Nôm readings: đọng, động, đùng, dộng, dọng, đỗng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.