洞
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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洞 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水月一口 (EBMR), four-corner 37120, composition ⿰氵同)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 620, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17386
- Dae Jaweon: page 1016, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1607, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6D1E
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
洞 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
鮦 | *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ |
侗 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
恫 | *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs |
痌 | *tʰoːŋ |
同 | *doːŋ |
仝 | *zlon, *doːŋ |
銅 | *doːŋ |
桐 | *doːŋ |
峒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
硐 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
筒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
洞 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
烔 | *doːŋ |
挏 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
酮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
鲖 | |
眮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
衕 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
哃 | *doːŋ |
絧 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
姛 | *doːŋʔ |
詷 | *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
胴 | *doːŋs |
駧 | *doːŋs |
迵 | *doːŋs |
戙 | *doːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *doːŋ, *doːŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).
Etymology
[edit]- “hole; cavity” > “penetrating; thorough; zero”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dwa(ː)ŋ (“hole; orifice; cave; pit; well”). Cognate with Burmese တွင်း (twang:), Tibetan དོང (dong, “deep hole; pit”) and Jingpho kha-thung (“well, pit”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dong4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дун (dun, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): tung5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): dung3
- Northern Min (KCR): dō̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dâe̤ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6don
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong4 / dong5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
- Wade–Giles: tung4
- Yale: dùng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
- Palladius: дун (dun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: dong4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dung
- Sinological IPA (key): /toŋ²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дун (dun, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuŋ⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dung6 / dung6-2
- Yale: duhng / dúng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dung6 / dung6-2
- Guangdong Romanization: dung6 / dung6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ²²/, /tʊŋ²²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: uung5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɵŋ³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tung5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuŋ¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thung
- Hakka Romanization System: tung
- Hagfa Pinyim: tung4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: dung3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tũŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dō̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dâe̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔyŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- dang7 - vernacular;
- tong7 - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 洞 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /tuŋ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /tuŋ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /tuŋ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /tuŋ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /təŋ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /tuŋ³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /tuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /tuə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /tuŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /tũn¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /tuŋ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /toŋ³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /toŋ¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /toŋ²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /toŋ¹/ | |
Nanjing | /toŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /təŋ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /tuəŋ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /tuŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /tũŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /doŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /doŋ³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /doŋ¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /doŋ²²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /tʰʌ̃²²/ |
Tunxi | /tan¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /toŋ⁵⁵/ /toŋ¹¹/ |
Xiangtan | /dən²¹/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /tʰuŋ²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /tʰuŋ⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /toŋ²²/ |
Nanning | /tuŋ²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /tuŋ²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tɔŋ²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tɔyŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tɔŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /taŋ³¹/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔdoŋ³³/ /ʔdoŋ²³/ ~房 |
- Middle Chinese: duwngH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋs/
Definitions
[edit]洞
- hole; cavity; cave
- (literary, or in compounds) thorough; penetrating
- the numeral zero (used in radio communications in aviation and by the military)
- dong, a submunicipal administrative division in North and South Korea
Synonyms
[edit]- (hole):
- (zero):
Compounds
[edit]- 三洞
- 上洞人
- 九曲洞
- 仙洞
- 八洞
- 函洞 (hándòng)
- 別有洞天/别有洞天 (biéyǒudòngtiān)
- 勿里洞島
- 千佛洞
- 地洞 (dìdòng)
- 坑洞 (kēngdòng)
- 塞狗洞
- 大洞果
- 山洞 (shāndòng)
- 山頂洞人/山顶洞人
- 岩洞 (yándòng)
- 拖牢洞
- 挖洞
- 掘洞
- 晶洞 (jīngdòng)
- 曹洞宗
- 月洞
- 月洞門/月洞门
- 橋洞/桥洞 (qiáodòng)
- 水簾洞/水帘洞
- 法律漏洞
- 洞中肯綮
- 洞仙 (dòngxiān)
- 洞兒/洞儿
- 洞壑
- 洞天 (dòngtiān)
- 洞天福地
- 洞如觀火/洞如观火 (dòngrúguānhuǒ)
- 洞家
- 洞宮/洞宫
- 洞察 (dòngchá)
- 洞察其奸
- 洞察機先/洞察机先
- 洞居
- 洞府
- 洞庭 (dòngtíng)
- 洞庭湖 (Dòngtíng Hú)
- 洞徹/洞彻
- 洞悉 (dòngxī)
- 洞悉明白
- 洞悉真相
- 洞戶/洞户
- 洞房 (dòngfáng)
- 洞房花燭/洞房花烛
- 洞明
- 洞曉/洞晓
- 洞氣/洞气
- 洞洞
- 洞然
- 洞燭/洞烛
- 洞燭入微/洞烛入微
- 洞燭其奸
- 洞燭姦邪/洞烛奸邪
- 洞燭機先/洞烛机先
- 洞穴 (dòngxué)
- 洞穿
- 洞窟 (dòngkū)
- 洞窟美術/洞窟美术
- 洞簫/洞箫 (dòngxiāo)
- 洞若觀火/洞若观火 (dòngruòguānhuǒ)
- 洞見/洞见 (dòngjiàn)
- 洞見癥結/洞见症结
- 洞貫/洞贯
- 洞達/洞达
- 洞鑒/洞鉴
- 洞鑒古今/洞鉴古今
- 洞門/洞门
- 洞開/洞开 (dòngkāi)
- 涵洞 (hándòng)
- 漏洞 (lòudòng)
- 漏洞百出 (lòudòngbǎichū)
- 潘洞
- 潮音洞
- 炕洞
- 無底洞/无底洞 (wúdǐdòng)
- 狗洞
- 甕洞兒/瓮洞儿
- 白洞 (báidòng)
- 白鹿洞
- 石洞 (Shídòng)
- 石灰岩洞
- 破洞 (pòdòng)
- 福地洞天
- 空洞 (kōngdòng)
- 空空洞洞
- 窗洞 (chuāngdòng)
- 窯洞/窑洞 (yáodòng)
- 花兒洞子/花儿洞子
- 花燭洞房/花烛洞房
- 芭蕉洞 (bājiāodòng)
- 通幽洞微
- 連闥洞房/连闼洞房
- 鐘乳洞/钟乳洞
- 鑽天打洞/钻天打洞
- 鑽狗洞/钻狗洞
- 門洞/门洞
- 防空洞 (fángkōngdòng)
- 風洞/风洞
- 鬧洞房/闹洞房 (nào dòngfáng)
- 鬼窟洞
- 黃金洞/黄金洞 (Huángjīndòng)
- 黑洞 (hēidòng)
- 黑洞洞 (hēidòngdòng)
- 龍洞/龙洞
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
- Wade–Giles: tʻung2
- Yale: túng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
- Palladius: тун (tun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tung4
- Yale: tùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tung4
- Guangdong Romanization: tung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: duwng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/
Definitions
[edit]洞
References
[edit]- “洞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]洞
- Cave, den, grotto
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ずう (zū)
- Kan-on: とう (tō)
- Kan’yō-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)
- Kun: うつろ (utsuro, 洞); うつろ (utsuro, 洞ろ); ふかい (fukai); ほがらか (hogaraka); ほら (hora, 洞, Jōyō); みぬく (minuku)
Compounds
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 洞 (MC duwngH).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 또ᇰ〮 (Yale: ttwóng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 동 (twong)訓 (Yale: twong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [동(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]- hanja form? of 동 (“hole; cavity; cave”)
- hanja form? of 동 (“dong, a submunicipal administrative division in North and South Korea”)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Etymology 2
[edit]From a corrupted or unorthodox reading.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tʰo̞(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [통(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]洞 (eumhun 밝을 통 (balgeul tong))
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]洞: Hán Nôm readings: đọng, động, đùng, dộng, dọng, đỗng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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