空
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See also: 🈳
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Contents
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Japanese | 空 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 空 |
| Traditional | 空 |
Han character[edit]
空 (radical 116, 穴+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十金一 (JCM), four-corner 30101, composition ⿱穴工)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 863, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25415
- Dae Jaweon: page 1289, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2719, character 8
- Unihan data for U+7A7A
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
空 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | 𠀝 𫞹 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 空 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
| Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs): semantic 穴 (“cave, hole”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
空
- empty; hollow; void
- exhausted; emptied
- open; spacious; vast
- quiet and still; secluded
- lacking substance; fictitious; fabricated
- (Min Dong) hungry
- air; sky; atmosphere
- 天空 ― tiānkōng ― the sky
- 航空 ― hángkōng ― aviation
- space; outer space; cosmos; universe
- 太空 ― tàikōng ― outer space
- (Buddhism) sunyata; emptiness; void of the world of the senses
- (Taoism) emptiness and quiet
- in vain; for nothing
- only (left, remain, etc.)
- to exhaust
- to miss the target
- (Min Nan) hole; cavity
Synonyms[edit]
- (hungry):
| Dialectal synonyms of 餓 (“hungry”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 飢, 餓 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 餓, 飢餓 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 餓 |
| Taiwan | 餓 | |
| Tianjin | 餓 | |
| Harbin | 餓 | |
| Shenyang | 餓 | |
| Jinan | 餓 | |
| Xi'an | 飢, 餓 | |
| Wuhan | 餓 | |
| Chengdu | 餓 | |
| Yangzhou | 餓 | |
| Hefei | 餓 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 肚餓 |
| Hong Kong | 肚餓 | |
| Taishan | 肚飢 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 餓 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 肚飢, 餓 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 肚飢, 肚枵 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 肚飢 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 肚屎枵, 肚枵 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 肚枵, 肚屎枵, 肚飢 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 肚枵, 肚屎枵 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 屎肚枵 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 餓 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 空, 枵 dated |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 枵 |
| Quanzhou | 枵 | |
| Zhangzhou | 枵 | |
| Taipei | 枵 | |
| Kaohsiung | 枵 | |
| Chaozhou | 肚困 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 餓 |
| Wenzhou | 餓 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 餓, 䐬 |
| Shuangfeng | 肚䐬, 餓 intensified | |
- (hole):
| Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 孔, 洞, 穴 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 孔, 洞, 孔洞, 空洞, 空穴 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 窟窿 |
| Jinan | 窟窿 | |
| Xi'an | 窟窿子, 窟窿 | |
| Wuhan | 窟窿, 窟眼, 洞洞, 洞 | |
| Chengdu | 窟窿, 洞洞, 洞 | |
| Yangzhou | 洞 | |
| Hefei | 窟窿, 洞 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窿, 咕窿 |
| Hong Kong | 窿, 咕窿 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 洞 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窿仔, 窿空仔 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窟窿, 窟子 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 川 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 空空 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 空, 空口 |
| Quanzhou | 空 | |
| Zhangzhou | 空口 | |
| Taipei | 空 | |
| Philippines (Manila) | 空 | |
| Chaozhou | 空 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 洞 |
| Wenzhou | 洞, 窟, 窟窿 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 洞 |
| Shuangfeng | 眼貢, 洞 | |
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 空
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Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
空
- to make empty; to impoverish
- to leave empty; to leave blank
- vacant; unoccupied; available
- spare time; free time; leisure
- empty space; room
- gap; chance; opportunity
- (Min Nan) zero
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 空
Pronunciation 3[edit]
Definitions[edit]
空
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
空
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: く (ku); くう (kū, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: こう (kō)
- Kun: あく (aku, 空く, Jōyō); あける (akeru, 空ける, Jōyō); うつける (utsukeru, 空ける); うつ (utsu, 空); うつお (utsuo, 空); うつぼ (utsubo, 空); うつろ (utsuro, 空ろ); うろ (uro, 空ろ); から (kara, 空, Jōyō); すく (suku, 空く); そら (sora, 空, Jōyō); むなしい (munashii, 空しい); あな (ana, 空)
- Nanori: たか (taka)
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 空揚げ (karaage, “karaage”)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 空 |
| そら Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Found in the Kojiki c. 712 CE.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
- the sky
Synonyms[edit]
- (the sky): 天 (てん, ten)
Related terms[edit]
- 空で (sorade)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 空 |
| から Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with 殻 (kara, “shell”).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- カラオケ (karaoke)
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 空 |
| くう Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 空 (MC kʰuŋ, kʰuŋH).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- empty air
- meaninglessness
- (Buddhism) shunya (Śūnyatā): emptiness, vacuity, awareness, openness, thusness
- (Buddhism) void: one of the 五大 (godai; lit. "great five); also known as 天 (そら, sora), of particular importance as the highest of the five elements
Etymology 4[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 空 |
| うろ Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 5[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 空 |
| うつお Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/utuho/: utupo → utuɸo → utuwo → utuo. See also 空 (utsubo).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
空 (hiragana うつお, rōmaji utsuo, historical hiragana うつほ)
- Alternative form of うろ
Etymology 6[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 空 |
| うつぼ Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Similar etymology to 空 (utsuo). As /h/ gradually changed from [p] → [ɸ] → [w] → [Ø], the phoneme was voiced to [b] in order to maintain it.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
空 (hiragana うつぼ, rōmaji utsubo)
- Alternative form of うろ
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
空 • (gong)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
空
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading うつぼ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading うつ-ろ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading う-ろ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading から
- Japanese kanji with kun reading す-く
- Japanese kanji with kun reading そら
- Japanese kanji with kun reading むな-しい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あな
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こう
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- ja:Buddhism
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