空

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Character 空 U+7A7A, 空
Name CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A7A
Block CJK Unified Ideographs
← 穹 [U+7A79] [U+7A7B] 穻 →

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
空-bw.png

Han character[edit]

空 (radical 116 穴+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十金一 (JCM), four-corner 30101, composition ⿱穴工)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 863, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1289, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2719, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+7A7A

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 空

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 空
Small seal script
空-seal.svg

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs): semantic 穴 ‎(“cave, hole”) + phonetic 工 ‎(OC *koːŋ).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 空
Mandarin Beijing /kʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kʰuŋ²¹/
Jinan /kʰuŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /kʰəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kʰuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /kʰuŋ²¹/
Xining /kʰuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kʰũn³¹/
Ürümqi /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /kʰoŋ/
Nanjing /kʰoŋ³¹/
Hefei /kʰəŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kʰuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /kʰuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /kʰũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kʰoŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kʰoŋ³³/
Wenzhou /kʰoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /kʰuʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /kʰan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kʰoŋ³³/
Xiangtan /kʰən³³/
Gan Nanchang /kʰuŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kʰuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ⁵³/
Nanning /huŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /huŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵/
/kʰaŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰøyŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
/kɔŋ³³/ ～闲
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰoŋ³³/
/kʰaŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /xoŋ²³/
/xaŋ²³/
Rime
Character 空
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦紅切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰəwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kʰuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kʰuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 kōng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 空
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 kōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khuwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰˤoŋ/
English hollow, empty; hole

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 空
Reading # 1/2
No. 4034
Phonetic
component		 工
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 空
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰoːŋ/

Definitions[edit]

空

  1. empty; void
    這箱子是空的。 / 这箱子是空的。  ―  Zhè xiāngzi shì kōng de.  ―  This box is empty.
    在盒子裡有些空瓶。 [MSC, trad.]
    在盒子里有些空瓶。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zài hézi lǐ yǒu xiē kōng píng. [Pinyin]
    There are some empty bottles in the box.
  2. lacking substance
  3. in vain
    空話 / 空话  ―  kōnghuà  ―  words said in vain
  4. (Buddhism) sunyata; emptiness
  5. sky
    天空  ―  tiānkōng  ―  the sky
  6. air, atmosphere
    空氣 / 空气  ―  kōngqì  ―  air; atmosphere
    航空  ―  hángkōng  ―  aviation
    空調 / 空调  ―  kōngtiáo  ―  air conditioning
  7. space
    太空  ―  tàikōng  ―  outer space
    空間 / 空间  ―  kōngjiān  ―  space

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 空
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦貢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰuŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰuŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰuŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰəwŋH/
Li
Rong		 /kʰuŋH/
Wang
Li		 /kʰuŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰuŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 kòng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 空
Reading # 2/2
No. 4045
Phonetic
component		 工
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 控
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰoːŋs/

Definitions[edit]

空

  1. spare time; free time; leisure
    我今天有空。  ―  Wǒ jīntiān yǒu kòng.  ―  I'm free today.
    你下午有空嗎？ / 你下午有空吗？  ―  Nǐ xiàwǔ yǒu kòng ma?  ―  Are you free this afternoon?
    現在醫生沒空。 / 现在医生没空。  ―  Xiànzài yīshēng méi kòng.  ―  The doctor is not available now.
  2. space; room
    再擠個人進來行嗎？車裡還有空嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    再挤个人进来行吗？车里还有空吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Zài jǐ ge rén jìnlái xíng ma? Chē lǐ hái yǒu kòng ma? [Pinyin]
    Can you fit in another person? Is there room in the car?
  3. vacant; unoccupied; available
    有空房間嗎？ / 有空房间吗？  ―  Yǒu kòng fángjiān ma?  ―  Have you any vacant room?
    這個位子空著嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    这个位子空着吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge wèizǐ kòng zhe ma? [Pinyin]
    Is this seat available?

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 空

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
空

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. sky
  2. empty, hollow, bare, void, deserted
  3. (Buddhism) sunyata; emptiness, vacuity, awareness, openness, thusness
  4. (Japanese Buddhism) "void": One of the 五大 (godai; lit. "great five); also known as 天 (そら, sora) and is of particular importance as the highest of the five elements. It also represents those things that are beyond one's everyday experiences, particularly those things composed of pure energy.
    1. (Bodily) represents one's spirit, thought, and creative energy. It represents one's ability to think and to communicate, as well one's creativity. It can also be associated with power, creativity, spontaneity, and inventiveness.
    2. (Martial arts) a philosophy; when exercised, the power of the Void allows one to connect to the quintessential creative energy of the world. A martial arts practitioner, who is properly attuned into the 'Void', have greater spatial awareness of their surroundings, the presences of others, and to act without thinking and without using their physical senses, via this mindstate of inner peace.
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

空 ‎(hiragana そら, romaji sora)

  1. the sky
Synonyms[edit]
  • (the sky): 天 (てん, ​ten)
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

空 ‎(hiragana から, romaji kara)

  1. empty
    空箱
  2. ineffectual
    空振り
  3. false
    空元気
Derived terms[edit]
  • カラオケ (​karaoke)

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

空 ‎(hiragana くう, romaji kū)

  1. empty air
  2. shunya
  3. meaninglessness

Etymology 4[edit]

Noun[edit]

空 ‎(hiragana うろ, romaji uro)

  1. cavity, hole

Etymology 5[edit]

/utuho/: utupo → utuɸo → utuwo → utuo. See also 空 ‎(utsubo).

Noun[edit]

空 ‎(hiragana うつお, romaji utsuo, historical hiragana うつほ)

  1. Alternative form of うろ

Etymology 6[edit]

Similar etymology to 空 ‎(utsuo). As /h/ gradually changed from [p] → [ɸ] → [w] → [Ø], the phoneme was voiced to [b] in order to maintain it.

Noun[edit]

空 ‎(hiragana うつぼ, romaji utsubo)

  1. Alternative form of うろ

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

空 • ‎(gong)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 공 (revised: gong, McCune-Reischauer: kong, Yale: kong)
  • Name (hangeul): 빌 (revised: bil)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

空 (không, khỏng, cung, khung)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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