空想
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]emptied; leisure; air emptied; leisure; air; sky; empty; in vain |
to think; to believe; to suppose to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (空想) | 空 | 想 | |
| simp. #(空想) | 空 | 想 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hung1 soeng2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khong-sióng / khong-siáng / khang-siūⁿ
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: kōngxiǎng
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kongsiǎng
- Wade–Giles: kʻung1-hsiang3
- Yale: kūng-syǎng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kongsheang
- Palladius: кунсян (kunsjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hung1 soeng2
- Yale: hūng séung
- Cantonese Pinyin: hung1 soeng2
- Guangdong Romanization: hung1 sêng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hʊŋ⁵⁵ sœːŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khong-sióng
- Tâi-lô: khong-sióng
- Phofsit Daibuun: qongsiorng
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ³³ siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khong-siáng
- Tâi-lô: khong-siáng
- Phofsit Daibuun: qongsiarng
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siaŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khang-siūⁿ
- Tâi-lô: khang-siūnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: qangsviu
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siũ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Middle Chinese: khuwng sjangX
Noun
[edit]空想
Synonyms
[edit]Verb
[edit]空想
Synonyms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]空想
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 空 | 想 |
| くう Grade: 1 |
そう Grade: 3 |
| goon | |
Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Middle Chinese 空想 (khuwng sjangX, literally “fictional, fabricated + think, thought”).
The sense of fantasy is first cited in Japanese to 1886,[1] and probably reflects a Rangaku and Meiji era style of repurposing older terminology to translate unfamiliar Western concepts.
The Buddhist sense is older, and was borrowed into Japanese along with various Chinese Buddhist texts. This term is included in the (Maka Shikan), better known in English by its Chinese pronunciation, the Mohe Zhiguan, completed some time in the early 600s.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 空想する
| Plain | 空想する | くうそー・する | [kùúsóó sùrú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 空想して | くうそー・して | [kùúsóó shìté] |
| Perfective | 空想した | くうそー・した | [kùúsóó shìtá] |
| Negative | 空想しない | くうそー・しない | [kùúsóó shìnáí] |
| Negative perfective | 空想しなかった | くうそー・しなかった | [kùúsóó shìnáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 空想すれば | くうそー・すれば | [kùúsóó sùréꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 空想したら | くうそー・したら | [kùúsóó shìtáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 空想しろ 空想せよ |
くうそー・しろ くうそー・せよ |
[kùúsóó shìró] [kùúsóó séꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 空想しよう | くうそー・しよー | [kùúsóó shìyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 空想したい | くうそー・したい | [kùúsóó shìtáí] |
| Formal | 空想します | くうそー・します | [kùúsóó shìmáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 空想しません | くうそー・しません | [kùúsóó shìmáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 空想しましょう | くうそー・しましょー | [kùúsóó shìmáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 空想しました | くうそー・しました | [kùúsóó shìmáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 空想し 空想しに |
くうそー・し くうそー・しに |
[kùúsóó shì] [kùúsóó shì ní] |
| Negative continuative | 空想せず 空想せずに |
くうそー・せず くうそー・せずに |
[kùúsóó séꜜzù] [kùúsóó séꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 空想される | くうそー・される | [kùúsóó sàrérú] |
| Causative | 空想させる 空想さす |
くうそー・させる くうそー・さす |
[kùúsóó sàsérú] [kùúsóó sàsú] |
| Potential | 空想できる | くうそー・できる | [kùúsóó dèkíꜜrù] |
Noun
[edit]- [from 1886] fantasy, daydream; something imagined
- [from 600s] (Buddhism) thought that exhibits attachment to sunyata
Derived terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]空想する • (kūsō suru) ←くうさう (kuusau)?suru (stem 空想し (kūsō shi), past 空想した (kūsō shita))
- [from 1886] to fantasize
- [from 600s] (Buddhism) to think in a way that exhibits attachment to sunyata
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 空想し | くうそうし | kūsō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 空想し | くうそうし | kūsō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 空想する | くうそうする | kūsō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 空想する | くうそうする | kūsō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 空想すれ | くうそうすれ | kūsō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 空想せよ¹ 空想しろ² |
くうそうせよ¹ くうそうしろ² |
kūsō seyo¹ kūsō shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 空想される | くうそうされる | kūsō sareru |
| Causative | 空想させる 空想さす |
くうそうさせる くうそうさす |
kūsō saseru kūsō sasu |
| Potential | 空想できる | くうそうできる | kūsō dekiru |
| Volitional | 空想しよう | くうそうしよう | kūsō shiyō |
| Negative | 空想しない | くうそうしない | kūsō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 空想せず | くうそうせず | kūsō sezu |
| Formal | 空想します | くうそうします | kūsō shimasu |
| Perfective | 空想した | くうそうした | kūsō shita |
| Conjunctive | 空想して | くうそうして | kūsō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 空想すれば | くうそうすれば | kūsō sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “空想”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “空想”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 空 | 想 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 空 | 想 |
Adjective
[edit]空想
- chữ Hán form of không tưởng (“unrealistic; utopian”)
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