Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
恐 (radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一弓心 (MNP) or X一弓心 (XMNP), four-corner 17331, composition ⿱⿰工凡心(GJKV) or ⿱⿰工⿹⺄㐅心(HT))
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 384, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10552
- Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2289, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6050
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
| Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
|
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 缸
|
*kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
|
| 篢
|
*kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
|
| 贑
|
*kluːmʔ
|
| 涳
|
*ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
|
| 江
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 肛
|
*kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
|
| 扛
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 杠
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 豇
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 茳
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 釭
|
*kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
|
| 矼
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 玒
|
*kroːŋ, *koːŋ
|
| 虹
|
*kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
|
| 腔
|
*kʰroːŋ
|
| 崆
|
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
|
| 羫
|
*kʰroːŋ
|
| 控
|
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
|
| 椌
|
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
|
| 悾
|
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
|
| 跫
|
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
|
| 啌
|
*qʰroːŋ
|
| 谾
|
*qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
|
| 舡
|
*qʰroːŋ
|
| 項
|
*ɡroːŋʔ
|
| 屸
|
*ɡ·roːŋ
|
| 功
|
*koːŋ
|
| 工
|
*koːŋ
|
| 疘
|
*koːŋ
|
| 魟
|
*koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
|
| 攻
|
*koːŋ, *kuːŋ
|
| 愩
|
*koːŋ
|
| 碽
|
*koːŋ
|
| 貢
|
*koːŋs
|
| 羾
|
*koːŋs
|
| 空
|
*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
|
| 箜
|
*kʰoːŋ
|
| 硿
|
*kʰoːŋ
|
| 埪
|
*kʰoːŋ
|
| 鵼
|
*kʰoːŋ
|
| 倥
|
*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
|
| 鞚
|
*kʰoːŋs
|
| 叿
|
*qʰoːŋ
|
| 嗊
|
*qʰoːŋʔ
|
| 訌
|
*ɡoːŋ
|
| 紅
|
*ɡoːŋ
|
| 仜
|
*ɡoːŋ
|
| 葒
|
*ɡoːŋ
|
| 渱
|
*ɡoːŋ
|
| 鴻
|
*ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
|
| 汞
|
*ɡoːŋʔ
|
| 澒
|
*ɡoːŋʔ
|
| 鞏
|
*koŋʔ
|
| 巩
|
*koŋʔ
|
| 銎
|
*kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
|
| 恐
|
*kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
|
| 蛩
|
*ɡoŋ
|
| 筇
|
*ɡoŋ
|
| 桏
|
*ɡoŋ
|
| 邛
|
*ɡoŋ
|
Pronunciation[edit]
| Rime
|
| Character
|
恐
|
恐
|
| Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
| Initial (聲)
|
溪 (29)
|
溪 (29)
|
| Final (韻)
|
鍾 (7)
|
鍾 (7)
|
| Tone (調)
|
Rising (X)
|
Departing (H)
|
| Openness (開合)
|
Open
|
Open
|
| Division (等)
|
III
|
III
|
| Fanqie
|
丘隴切
|
區用切
|
| Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
|
/kʰɨoŋX/
|
/kʰɨoŋH/
|
Pan
Wuyun
|
/kʰioŋX/
|
/kʰioŋH/
|
Shao
Rongfen
|
/kʰioŋX/
|
/kʰioŋH/
|
Edwin
Pulleyblank
|
/kʰuawŋX/
|
/kʰuawŋH/
|
Li
Rong
|
/kʰioŋX/
|
/kʰioŋH/
|
Wang
Li
|
/kʰĭwoŋX/
|
/kʰĭwoŋH/
|
Bernard
Karlgren
|
/kʰi̯woŋX/
|
/kʰi̯woŋH/
|
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
|
qiǒng
|
qiòng
|
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
恐
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
kǒng
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ khjowngX ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*kʰ(r)oŋʔ/
|
| English
|
fear
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
恐
|
恐
|
| Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
| No.
|
4071
|
4072
|
Phonetic
component
|
工
|
工
|
Rime
group
|
東
|
東
|
Rime
subdivision
|
0
|
0
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
恐
|
恐
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*kʰoŋʔ/
|
/*kʰoŋs/
|
Definitions[edit]
恐
- to fear; to be afraid
- fearful; apprehensive
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
恐
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- fear; be afraid
- threaten
- probably
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
恐 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
恐 (khủng, thứ)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
