項

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See also: 项 and 頂
項 U+9805, 項
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9805
← 頄
[U+9804] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 順 →
[U+9806]
㊠ U+32A0, ㊠
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ITEM
← ㊟
[U+329F] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊡ →
[U+32A1]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character[edit]

項 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+3, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一一月金 (MMBC), four-corner 11186, composition ⿰工頁)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1399, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43343
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1915, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4356, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+9805

Chinese[edit]

trad. 項
simp. 项

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
缸 *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢 *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑 *kluːmʔ
涳 *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江 *kroːŋ
肛 *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛 *kroːŋ
杠 *kroːŋ
豇 *kroːŋ
茳 *kroːŋ
釭 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼 *kroːŋ
玒 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹 *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔 *kʰroːŋ
崆 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫 *kʰroːŋ
控 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌 *qʰroːŋ
谾 *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡 *qʰroːŋ
缻 *ɡroːŋ
項 *ɡroːŋʔ
屸 *ɡ·roːŋ
功 *koːŋ
工 *koːŋ
疘 *koːŋ
魟 *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻 *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩 *koːŋ
碽 *koːŋ
貢 *koːŋs
羾 *koːŋs
空 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜 *kʰoːŋ
硿 *kʰoːŋ
埪 *kʰoːŋ
鵼 *kʰoːŋ
倥 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚 *kʰoːŋs
叿 *qʰoːŋ
嗊 *qʰoːŋʔ
訌 *ɡoːŋ
紅 *ɡoːŋ
仜 *ɡoːŋ
葒 *ɡoːŋ
渱 *ɡoːŋ
鴻 *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞 *ɡoːŋʔ
澒 *ɡoːŋʔ
鞏 *koŋʔ
巩 *koŋʔ
銎 *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐 *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩 *ɡoŋ
筇 *ɡoŋ
桏 *ɡoŋ
邛 *ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːŋʔ): phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 項
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɑŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /ɕiaŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /ɕiɑŋ⁵³/
Jinan /ɕiaŋ²¹/
Qingdao /ɕiaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕiaŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /xaŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /xɔ̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /xɑŋ¹³/
/ɕiɑŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /xɑ̃¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕiɑŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /xaŋ³⁵/
Chengdu /xaŋ¹³/
/ɕiaŋ¹³/
Guiyang /xaŋ²¹³/ 老
/ɕiaŋ²¹³/ 新
Kunming /xã̠²¹²/
Nanjing /ɕiaŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /ɕiɑ̃⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ³⁵/
/ɕyə³⁵/
Hohhot /ɕiɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /ɦɑ̃³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦɑŋ¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦuɔ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /xa³⁵/
Tunxi /xau²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xan⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /xɔn⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /hɔŋ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /hoŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɔŋ²²/
Nanning /hɔŋ²²/
Hong Kong /hɔŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /haŋ²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hɔuŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xɔŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /haŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /haŋ³³/
Rime
Character 項
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 江 (9)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 胡講切
Baxter haewngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠʌŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦᵚɔŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɔŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦaɨwŋX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɔŋX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɔŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣɔŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hong6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 項
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hæwngX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁroŋʔ/
English neck

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 項
Reading # 1/1
No. 4019
Phonetic
component 		工
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		項
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡroːŋʔ/

Definitions[edit]

項

  1. nape of neck; (in general) neck
    項鏈／项链  ―  xiàngliàn  ―  necklace
  2. item
    事項／事项  ―  shìxiàng  ―  matter
    逐項審議／逐项审议  ―  zhú xiàng shěnyì  ―  to review item by item
  3. Classifier for items, tasks, principles, clauses, etc.
    一項任務／一项任务  ―  yī xiàng rènwù  ―  a task
    一項代誌／一项代志 [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t hāng tāi-chì [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  a matter
    性激素六項／性激素六项  ―  xìngjīsù liù xiàng  ―  six hormones checked in a hormone test
  4. sum of money
  5. (mathematics) term
    多項式／多项式  ―  duōxiàngshì  ―  polynomial
  6. (law) count (charge)
  7. (Hakka) on; above
    桌項／桌项 [Sixian Hakka]  ―  chok hong [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]  ―  on the desk
  8. a surname: Xiang

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

項

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
項
うなじ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 項 – see the following entry.
【うなじ】
[noun] nape (back of the neck)
(This term, 項, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
項
うな
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 項 – see the following entry.
【うな】
[prefix] of the neck or nape
(This term, 項, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
項
こう
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 項 (MC haewngX).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

項(こう) • (kō) ←かう (kau)?

  1. section
  2. (mathematics) term
  3. (linguistics) argument

References[edit]

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 項 (MC haewngX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅘᅡᇰ〯 (Yale: hhǎng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 목 (Yale: mwòk) 하ᇰ〯 (Yale: hǎng)

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [항(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

項 (eumhun 항목(項目) 항 (hangmok hang))

  1. Hanja form? of 항 (“clause, section; item (in a list)”). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of 항 (“(mathematics) term”). [noun]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

項: Hán Nôm readings: hạng, háng, hảng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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