功

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功 U+529F, 功
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-529F
← 办
[U+529E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 加 →
[U+52A0]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character[edit]

功 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一大尸 (MKS), four-corner 14127, composition ⿰工力)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 146, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2295
  • Dae Jaweon: page 328, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 365, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+529F

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 功
alternative forms 㓛
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Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 功
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
缸 *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢 *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑 *kluːmʔ
涳 *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江 *kroːŋ
肛 *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛 *kroːŋ
杠 *kroːŋ
豇 *kroːŋ
茳 *kroːŋ
釭 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼 *kroːŋ
玒 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹 *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔 *kʰroːŋ
崆 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫 *kʰroːŋ
控 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌 *qʰroːŋ
谾 *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡 *qʰroːŋ
缻 *ɡroːŋ
項 *ɡroːŋʔ
屸 *ɡ·roːŋ
功 *koːŋ
工 *koːŋ
疘 *koːŋ
魟 *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻 *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩 *koːŋ
碽 *koːŋ
貢 *koːŋs
羾 *koːŋs
空 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜 *kʰoːŋ
硿 *kʰoːŋ
埪 *kʰoːŋ
鵼 *kʰoːŋ
倥 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚 *kʰoːŋs
叿 *qʰoːŋ
嗊 *qʰoːŋʔ
訌 *ɡoːŋ
紅 *ɡoːŋ
仜 *ɡoːŋ
葒 *ɡoːŋ
渱 *ɡoːŋ
鴻 *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞 *ɡoːŋʔ
澒 *ɡoːŋʔ
鞏 *koŋʔ
巩 *koŋʔ
銎 *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐 *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩 *ɡoŋ
筇 *ɡoŋ
桏 *ɡoŋ
邛 *ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *koːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意): phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ, “labor; work”) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with 工 (OC *koːŋ). See there for more.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kong - literary;
  • kang - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 功
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 東 (1)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古紅切
    Baxter kuwng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kuŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kuŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kuŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kəwŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/kuŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kuŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gōng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gung1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 功
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gōng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kuwng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˁoŋ/
    English work, effort

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 功
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4021
    Phonetic
    component         		工
    Rime
    group         		東
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		公
    Old
    Chinese         		/*koːŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    功

    1. achievement; merit; good result
      共赴事功  ―  gòng fù shì gōng  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
    2. (physics) work
    3. (Kung Fu 功夫) patient dedication and effort; wisdom achieved through a refined work

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 功

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    功

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    功
    こう
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 功 (MC kuŋ).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    功(こう) • (kō) ←こう (kou)?

    1. a success, a great achievement
      • (Can we date this quote?) “金正日将軍の歌 [Song of General Kim Jong-il]”:
        青(あお)き海(うな)原(ばら)　その功(こう)歌(うた)う
        Aoki unabara sono kō utau
        The blue seas sing his [Kim's] exploits in their songs.

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    功
    いさお
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 功 – see the following entry.
    【いさお】
    [noun] (literary) accomplishment; achievement; distinguished service
    [proper noun] 功, 勲, 勲男, 勇雄: a male given name
    Alternative spellings
    勲, 勲男, 勇雄
    (This term, 功, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    功
    いさお
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    Proper noun[edit]

    功(いさお) • (Isao) 

    1. a male given name

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    功 (eumhun 공 공 (gong gong))

    1. Hanja form? of 공 (“service; credit; meritorious deed”).
    2. Hanja form? of 공 (“effort; labor; elaboration”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    功: Hán Nôm readings: công

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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