虹
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
虹 (radical 142, 虫+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中戈一 (LIM), four-corner 51110, composition ⿰虫工)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1076, character 40
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32830
- Dae Jaweon: page 1545, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2834, character 8
- Unihan data for U+8679
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
虹 | |
|---|---|---|
| variant forms | ||
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 虹 | |
|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
|
|
| Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Originally pictographic (象形) in the oracle bone script. The ancient Chinese regarded the rainbow as a two-headed creature.
In the seal script, it has become a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ): semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
Etymology[edit]
Probably non-Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Mien *kluŋᴬ (“rainbow”), Thai รุ้ง (rúng, “rainbow”), Zhuang duzdoengz (“rainbow”), saidoengz (“rainbow”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Benedict (1986) and Carr (1990) relate this to 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) and 紅 (OC *ɡoːŋ, “red”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
虹
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: ぐ (gu); ぐう (gū); こう (kō)
- Kan-on: こう (kō)←かう (kau, historical); こう (kō)
- Kun: にじ (niji, 虹, Jōyō)
Compounds[edit]
- 朝虹 (asaniji)
- 海老虹梁 (ebikōryō), 蝦虹梁 (ebikōryō)
- 過剰虹 (kajōniji)
- 霧虹 (kiriniji): fogbow
- 月虹 (gekkō): moonbow
- 虹橋 (kōkyō)
- 虹霓 (kōgei), 虹蜺 (kōgei): rainbow
- 虹彩 (kōsai): iris (part of the eye)
- 虹彩炎 (kōsaien): iritis
- 虹彩毛様体炎 (kōsaimōyōtaien)
- 虹梁 (kōryō)
- 虹梁鼻 (kōryōbana)
- 彩虹 (saikō)
- 断虹 (dankō)
- 虹色鍬形 (nijīrokuwagata)
- 虹の松原 (niji no matsubara)
- 虹鱒 (nijimasu): rainbow trout
- 白虹 (hakkō)
- 白虹事件 (hakkōjiken)
- 白虹日を貫く (hakkō hi o tsuranuku)
- 二重虹 (futaeniji)
- 夕虹 (yūniji)
- 夕虹百日の旱 (yūniji hyakunichi no hideri)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 虹 |
| にじ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
⟨nizi⟩ → /niʑi/
From Old Japanese,[1] attested as man'yōgana form 爾之 in the 和名類聚抄 (Wamyō Ruijushō) of c.931-938 and 爾自 in the 金光明最勝王経音義 (Konkōmyō Saishōō-kyō Ongi) of 1079. May be a shift from earlier nuji or noji readings (see below).
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a rainbow
- 春雨がやんだ途端に、美しい虹が現れた。
- Harusame ga yanda totan ni, utsukushii niji ga arawareta.
- Just as the spring shower passed, a beautiful rainbow appeared.
- 春雨がやんだ途端に、美しい虹が現れた。
Synonyms[edit]
- 虹霓 (kōgei)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 虹 |
| ぬじ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
⟨nuzi⟩ → /nuʑi/
From Old Japanese[1], attested in the 北野本日本書紀 (Kitano-bon Nihon shoki) of the late Heian period.[3] May be a shift from earlier noji (see below); compare Okinawan ぬーじ (nuːdʑi) and Miyako ぬず (nudzɿ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 虹 |
| のじ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
⟨no1zi⟩ → /noʑi/
From Old Japanese, appeared in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE as an eastern dialectal variant.[1][3][4]
Cognate with Okinawan ぬーじ (nuːdʑi) and Miyako ぬず (nudzɿ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
虹 • (hong, gang)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
虹: Hán Việt readings: hồng[1]
虹: Nôm readings: vồng[1]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References[edit]
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading こう
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