虹
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]

虹 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中戈一 (LIM), four-corner 51110, composition ⿰虫工)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1076, character 40
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32830
- Dae Jaweon: page 1545, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2834, character 8
- Unihan data for U+8679
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
虹 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 虹 | |
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Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
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Old Chinese | |
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缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
贑 | *kluːmʔ |
涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
江 | *kroːŋ |
肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
扛 | *kroːŋ |
杠 | *kroːŋ |
豇 | *kroːŋ |
茳 | *kroːŋ |
釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
矼 | *kroːŋ |
玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
功 | *koːŋ |
工 | *koːŋ |
疘 | *koːŋ |
魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
愩 | *koːŋ |
碽 | *koːŋ |
貢 | *koːŋs |
羾 | *koːŋs |
空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
鞏 | *koŋʔ |
巩 | *koŋʔ |
銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
筇 | *ɡoŋ |
桏 | *ɡoŋ |
邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Originally pictographic (象形) in the oracle bone script. The ancient Chinese regarded the rainbow as a two-headed creature.
In the seal script, it has become a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ): semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
Etymology[edit]
Probably non-Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Mien *kluŋᴬ (“rainbow”), Thai รุ้ง (rúng, “rainbow”), Zhuang duzdoengz (“rainbow”), saidoengz (“rainbow”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Benedict (1986) and Carr (1990) relate this to 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”) and 紅 (OC *ɡoːŋ, “red”).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
Definitions[edit]
虹
Synonyms[edit]
- (rainbow):
See also[edit]
- 霓 (ní)
Compounds[edit]
- 丹虹
- 副虹
- 垂虹
- 垂虹亭
- 垂虹橋/垂虹桥
- 天虹 (tiānhóng)
- 宛虹
- 幡虹
- 彩虹 (cǎihóng)
- 攄虹/摅虹
- 文虹
- 斷虹/断虹
- 日虹
- 星虹
- 晴虹
- 月虹 (yuèhóng)
- 梁虹
- 橋虹/桥虹
- 殘虹/残虹
- 氣勢如虹/气势如虹 (qìshìrúhóng)
- 氣吐虹霓/气吐虹霓
- 氣吞虹蜺/气吞虹蜺
- 氣貫長虹/气贯长虹
- 煙虹/烟虹
- 玉泉垂虹
- 玉虹
- 白虹
- 白虹貫日/白虹贯日
- 直虹
- 荊虹/荆虹
- 虹丹
- 虹伸
- 虹光
- 虹勢/虹势
- 虹吸作用
- 虹吸現象/虹吸现象
- 虹吸管
- 虹女
- 虹帶/虹带
- 虹彩 (hóngcǎi)
- 虹彩膜
- 虹旃
- 虹旆
- 虹旌
- 虹旍
- 虹旗
- 虹星
- 虹映
- 虹梁
- 虹棧/虹栈
- 虹樓/虹楼
- 虹橋/虹桥 (hóngqiáo)
- 虹橋板/虹桥板
- 虹氣/虹气
- 虹泉
- 虹沴
- 虹洞
- 虹燭錠/虹烛锭
- 虹玉
- 虹申
- 虹絲/虹丝
- 虹腰
- 虹膜 (hóngmó)
- 虹舸
- 虹草
- 虹蝀/虹𬟽
- 虹蜺 (hóngní)
- 虹蜺閣/虹蜺阁
- 虹裳
- 虹輝/虹辉
- 虹采
- 虹陛
- 虹雨
- 虹霓 (hóngní)
- 虹飲/虹饮
- 虹鱒/虹鳟 (hóngzūn)
- 蛇虹
- 蝦虹/虾虹
- 謀虹/谋虹
- 貫虹/贯虹
- 跨虹
- 長虹/长虹 (chánghóng)
- 長虹貫日/长虹贯日
- 陰虹/阴虹
- 隱虹/隐虹
- 雄虹
- 雌虹
- 雰虹/氛虹
- 電虹/电虹
- 霓虹 (níhóng)
- 霓虹燈/霓虹灯 (níhóngdēng)
- 霞虹
- 青虹
- 風虹/风虹
- 飲虹/饮虹
- 鬐虹
Pronunciation 2[edit]
Definitions[edit]
虹
Pronunciation 3[edit]
Definitions[edit]
虹
- (historical) A county in modern Anhui, China
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: ぐ (gu); ぐう (gū); こう (kō)
- Kan-on: こう (kō)←かう (kau, historical); こう (kō)
- Kun: にじ (niji, 虹, Jōyō)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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虹 |
にじ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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霓 |

⟨nizi⟩ → /niʑi/
From Old Japanese 虹 (nizi),[1] from Proto-Japonic *nonsi. first attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[2]
Also attested as man’yōgana form 爾自 in the 金光明最勝王経音義 (Konkōmyō Saishōō-kyō Ongi) of 1079. May be a shift from earlier ぬじ (nuji) or のじ (noji) readings.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a rainbow
- Synonym: 虹霓 (kōgei)
- 春雨がやんだ途端に、美しい虹が現れた。
- Harusame ga yanda totan ni, utsukushii niji ga arawareta.
- Just as the spring shower passed, a beautiful rainbow appeared.
- 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 1)
- 虹 毛詩註云:「螮蝀虹也帝董。」二音螮又作蝃。[和名:爾之]
兼名苑云:「虹,一名蜺。」五稽反與鯢同又五結倪撃二反。
今按雄曰虹雌曰蜺也。- Rainbow - according to the annotated Mao Commentary, a bridge becomes a rainbow by the Emperor’s direct command. 螮 with 蝃 makes two syllables; Japanese name, niji.
According to the Jianming Yuan, 虹 is also written as 蜺. Chinese fanqie: 五稽...
(please add an English translation of the rest of this usage example)
Today, males call the rainbow 虹 while females 蜺.
- Rainbow - according to the annotated Mao Commentary, a bridge becomes a rainbow by the Emperor’s direct command. 螮 with 蝃 makes two syllables; Japanese name, niji.
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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虹 |
のず Grade: S |
irregular |
For pronunciation and definitions of 虹 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 虹, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 虹 (MC huwng). Recorded as Middle Korean 호ᇰ (hwong) (Yale: hwong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja[edit]
虹 (eumhun 무지개 홍 (mujigae hong))
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese 虹 (MC kuwngH).
Hanja[edit]
虹 (eumhun 고을 이름 공 (go'eul ireum gong))
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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虹 |
ぬーじ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *nozi, from Proto-Japonic *nonsi.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
虹 (nūji)
- a rainbow
References[edit]
Old Japanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Japonic *nonsi. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Noun[edit]
虹 (nizi) (kana にじ)
- a rainbow
- 711–712, Kojiki (Second scroll, Emperor Ōjin)
- 此沼之邊、一賤女晝寢、於是日耀如レ虹、指二其陰上一。
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 711–712, Kojiki (Second scroll, Emperor Ōjin)
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 虹 (niji)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
虹: Hán Việt readings: hồng[1]
虹: Nôm readings: vồng[1]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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