虹

Translingual

Han character

A rainbow

虹 (radical 142 虫+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中戈一 (LIM), four-corner 5111₀, composition ⿰虫工)

1. rainbow

References

• KangXi: page 1076, character 40
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32830
• Dae Jaweon: page 1545, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2834, character 8
• Unihan data for U+8679

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		虹
alt. forms		蝎

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hóng (hong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hung⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fùng
• Min Nan (POJ): khēng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: hóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ
    • Wade-Giles: hung²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hongr
    • IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hung⁴
    • Yale: hùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hung⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: fungˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fung²
    • IPA: /fuŋ¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khēng
    • Tâi-lô: khīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qeng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɪŋ²²/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦuŋ/, /kuŋ^H/, /kˠʌŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	虹	虹	虹
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	東 (1)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	II
Fanqie	戸公切	古送切	古巷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuŋ/	/kuŋH/	/kˠʌŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuŋ/	/kuŋH/	/kᵚɔŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuŋ/	/kuŋH/	/kɔŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəwŋ/	/kəwŋH/	/kaɨwŋH/
Li Rong	/ɣuŋ/	/kuŋH/	/kɔŋH/
Wang Li	/ɣuŋ/	/kuŋH/	/kɔŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuŋ/	/kuŋH/	/kɔŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hóng	gòng	jiàng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*m-kˤoŋ/, /*kˤroŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːŋs/, /*koːŋs/, /*ɡoːŋ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	虹	虹
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hóng	jiàng
Middle Chinese	‹ huwng ›	‹ kæwngH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˤoŋ/	/*kˤroŋ-s/
English	rainbow	rainbow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	虹	虹	虹
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	4004	4032	4056
Phonetic component	工	工	工
Rime group	東	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	絳	貢	洪
Old Chinese	/*kroːŋs/	/*koːŋs/	/*ɡoːŋ/
Notes		原注今音絳

Definitions

虹

1. rainbow

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Japanese

Kanji

虹

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: ぐ (gu) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kan’on: こう (kō)
• Kun: にじ (niji)

Compounds

Compounds

朝虹 (あさにじ) ‎(asaniji) 海老虹梁 (えびこうりょう) ‎(ebikōryō), 蝦虹梁 (えびこうりょう) ‎(ebikōryō) 過剰虹 (かじょうにじ) ‎(kajōniji) 霧虹 (きりにじ) ‎(kiriniji): fogbow 月虹 (げっこう) ‎(gekkō): moonbow 虹橋 (こうきょう) ‎(kōkyō) 虹霓 (こうげい) ‎(kōgei), 虹蜺 (こうげい) ‎(kōgei): rainbow 虹彩 (こうさい) ‎(kōsai): iris (part of the eye) 虹彩炎 (こうさいえん) ‎(kōsaien): iritis 虹彩毛様体炎 (こうさいもうようたいえん) ‎(kōsaimōyōtaien) 虹梁 (こうりょう) ‎(kōryō) 虹梁鼻 (こうりょうばな) ‎(kōryōbana) 彩虹 (さいこう) ‎(saikō) 断虹 (だんこう) ‎(dankō) 虹色鍬形 (にじいろくわがた) ‎(nijīrokuwagata) 虹 (にじ)の松原 (まつばら) ‎(niji no matsubara) 虹鱒 (にじます) ‎(nijimasu): rainbow trout 白虹 (はっこう) ‎(hakkō) 白虹事件 (はっこうじけん) ‎(hakkōjiken) 白虹日 (はっこうひ)を貫 (つらぬ)く ‎(hakkō hi o tsuranuku) 二重虹 (ふたえにじ) ‎(futaeniji) 夕虹 (ゆうにじ) ‎(yūniji) 夕虹百日 (ゆうにじひゃくにち)の旱 (ひでり) ‎(yūniji hyakunichi no hideri)

Etymology 1

Wikipedia ^ja Wikipedia

虹 (niji, nuji, noji): a rainbow.

Kanji in this term
虹
にじ Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Shift from earlier nuji or noji reading.

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) にじ [nìjí] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [nid͡ʑi]

Alternative forms

• 霓

Noun

虹 ‎(hiragana にじ, romaji niji)

1. a rainbow

   春雨 (はるさめ)がやんだ途端 (とたん)に、美 (うつく)しい虹 (にじ)が現 (あらわ)れた。

   Harusame ga yanda totan ni, utsukushii niji ga arawareta.

   Just as the spring shower passed, a beautiful rainbow appeared.

Synonyms

• 虹霓 (こうげい) ‎(kōgei)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
虹
ぬじ Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Shift from earlier noji reading.

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) ぬじ [nùjí] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [nɯᵝd͡ʑi]

Noun

虹 ‎(hiragana ぬじ, romaji nuji)

1. (dialect, possibly obsolete) a rainbow

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
虹
のじ Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū of 720 CE as an eastern dialectal variant.

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) のじ [nòjí] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [no̞d͡ʑi]

Noun

虹 ‎(hiragana ぬじ, romaji nuji)

1. (obsolete) a rainbow

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Korean

Hanja

虹 • ‎(hong, gang)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 홍, 강 (revised: hong, gang, McCune-Reischauer: hong, kang, Yale: hong, kang)

• Name (hangeul): 무지개()

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

虹 (hồng, vồng, nhật)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.