洪

See also: 洚

洪 U+6D2A, 洪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D2A ← 洩 [U+6D29] CJK Unified Ideographs 洫 → [U+6D2B]

Translingual

Han character

洪 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水廿金 (ETC), four-corner 3418₁, composition ⿰氵共)

Derived characters

• 篊 葓 霟 鍙 𪡥 𥈰 𨩅 𪃡 𢝳 𮤷 𬮍

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 621, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17402
• Dae Jaweon: page 1017, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1602, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6D2A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		洪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 洪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
港	*kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	*ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs
烘	*qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	*kloŋ, *kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	*kloŋ, *kloŋʔ
共	*kloŋ, *ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	*kloŋʔ, *kloɡ
蛬	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡloːŋ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hóng (hong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hung⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): huung³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fùng

  (Hailu, HRS): fung

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fung²

• Jin (Wiktionary): hung¹
• Northern Min (KCR): ǒ̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ang² / horng²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): âng / hông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hong⁵ / ang⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ghon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hen²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hóng
    • Wade–Giles: hung²
    • Yale: húng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horng
    • Palladius: хун (xun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hung⁴
    • Yale: hùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: huung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùng
    • Hakka Romanization System: fung^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fung²
    • Sinological IPA: /fuŋ¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: fung
    • Sinological IPA: /fuŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fung²
    • Sinological IPA: /fʊŋ¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: hung¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ang²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: áng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aŋ²⁴/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: horng²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hó̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: horng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ²⁴/

Note:

• ang2 - vernacular (incl. surname of most people);
• horng2 - literary (incl. surname of a few people).

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng
    • Tâi-lô: âng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: aang
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /aŋ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /aŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore): /aŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
    • Tâi-lô: hông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/

Note:

• âng - vernacular (incl. surname);
• hông - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: hong⁵ / ang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hông / âng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ⁵⁵/, /aŋ⁵⁵/

Note: ang5 - surname.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ghon
    • MiniDict: ghon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦoŋ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: hen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xən¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: huwng

Rime
Character	洪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸公切
Baxter	huwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəwŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣuŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡloːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洪
Reading #	1/1
No.	4156
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	洪
Old Chinese	/*ɡloːŋ/

Definitions

洪

1. flood
2. big; vast; grand

   • 天地玄黄，宇宙洪荒。 [Literary Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Zhou Xingsi, Thousand Character Classic, circa 6^th century CE

     Tiāndì xuánhuáng, yǔzhòu hónghuāng. [Pinyin]

     The sky was black and earth yellow; space and time vast, limitless.

3. a surname

   洪秀全  ―  Hóng Xiùquán  ―  Hong Xiuquan (leader of the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing dynasty)

Descendants

• → English: Hong; Hung; Ang

Compounds

• 付諸洪喬 / 付诸洪乔
• 分洪 (fēnhóng)
• 大洪水 (dàhóngshuǐ)
• 寬洪 / 宽洪 (kuānhóng)
• 寬洪大度 / 宽洪大度
• 寬洪大量 / 宽洪大量
• 寬洪海量 / 宽洪海量
• 山洪 (shānhóng)
• 排洪溢道
• 攔洪壩 / 拦洪坝
• 景洪 (Jǐnghóng)
• 暴洪 (bàohóng)
• 朱洪武
• 泄洪 (xièhóng)
• 洪亮 (hóngliàng)
• 洪儒 (hóngrú)
• 洪剛 / 洪刚
• 洪化
• 洪善 (Hóngshàn)
• 洪喬之誤 / 洪乔之误
• 洪喬擲水 / 洪乔掷水
• 洪基
• 洪大 (hóngdà)
• 洪山 (Hóngshān)
• 洪山嘴 (Hóngshānzuǐ)
• 洪峰 (hóngfēng)
• 洪幫 / 洪帮 (Hóngbāng)
• 洪恩
• 洪惟
• 洪憲 / 洪宪 (Hóngxiàn)
• 洪憲帝制 / 洪宪帝制
• 洪春 (Hóngchūn)
• 洪業 / 洪业
• 洪武 (Hóngwǔ)
• 洪武正韻 / 洪武正韵
• 洪水 (hóngshuǐ)
• 洪水猛獸 / 洪水猛兽 (hóngshuǐměngshòu)
• 洪泉 (hóngquán)
• 洪河
• 洪波 (hóngbō)
• 洪波滾雪 / 洪波滚雪
• 洪流 (hóngliú)
• 洩洪 / 泄洪 (xièhóng)
• 洪洞 (Hóngtóng, “Hongtong”)
• 洪淵 / 洪渊
• 洪湖 (Hónghú)
• 洪澇 / 洪涝 (hónglào)
• 洪澤湖 / 洪泽湖 (Hóngzé hú)
• 洪濤 / 洪涛 (hóngtāo)
• 洪災 / 洪灾 (hóngzāi)
• 洪烈
• 洪爐 / 洪炉 (hónglú)
• 洪爐燎髮 / 洪炉燎发 (hónglúliáofà)
• 洪生
• 洪福 (hóngfú)
• 洪福齊天 / 洪福齐天
• 洪積世 / 洪积世
• 洪積層 / 洪积层
• 洪範 / 洪范
• 洪聖 / 洪圣 (Hóngshèng)
• 洪聖爺 / 洪圣爷 (Hóngshèngyé)
• 洪荒 (hónghuāng)
• 洪荒時代 / 洪荒时代
• 洪覆
• 洪規 / 洪规
• 洪誓
• 洪軌 / 洪轨
• 洪都拉斯 (Hóngdūlāsī)
• 洪醉
• 洪量 (hóngliàng)
• 洪鈞 / 洪钧
• 洪鍾 / 洪钟
• 洪鐘 / 洪钟
• 洪門 / 洪门 (Hóngmén)
• 洪關 / 洪关 (Hóngguān)
• 洪音
• 洪飲 / 洪饮
• 溢洪道
• 烘爐 / 烘炉 (hōnglú)
• 疏洪道
• 發洪 / 发洪
• 蓄洪
• 防洪 (fánghóng)
• 阿洪
• 阿洪魯庫木 / 阿洪鲁库木 (Āhóng Lǔkùmù)
• 齊天洪福 / 齐天洪福

Japanese

Kanji

洪

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: おおみず (ōmizu, 洪)^{←おほみづ (ofomidu, 洪, historical)}

Compounds

• 洪(ハン)牙(ガ)利(リー) (Hangarī)
• 洪水(こうずい) (kōzui)
• 洪積(こうせき) (kōseki)
• 洪積世(こうせきせい) (kōsekisei)
• 洪積層(こうせきそう) (kōsekisō)
• 洪大(こうだい) (kōdai)
• 日洪親善(にっこうしんぜん) (Nikkō shinzen)

Korean

Hanja

洪 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

洪: Hán Nôm readings: hồng, hòng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.