恭

恭 U+606D, 恭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-606D ← 恬 [U+606C] CJK Unified Ideographs 恮 → [U+606E]

Translingual

Han character

恭 (radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿金心 (TCP), four-corner 4433₈, composition ⿱共㣺)

References

• KangXi: page 385, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10596
• Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2299, character 9
• Unihan data for U+606D

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		恭
alternative forms		𢙄 龔／龚 龏 供

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 恭
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
港	*kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	*ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs
烘	*qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	*kloŋ, *kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	*kloŋ, *kloŋʔ
共	*kloŋ, *ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	*kloŋʔ, *kloɡ
蛬	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kloŋ): phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs, “heart”) + semantic 心

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): gōng (gong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гун (gun, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gung¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): guung¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): gung¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiûng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): giung¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): gung¹
• Min Bei (KCR): gé̤ng
• Min Dong (BUC): gṳ̆ng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giong¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): kon (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Wade–Giles: kung1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гун (gun, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: guung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵŋ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: giung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: giung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ciʊŋ⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kũŋ¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gé̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
    • Tâi-lô: kiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giong¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kioŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: kon (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 恭
Mandarin	Beijing	/kuŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kuŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/kuŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/kuŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kəŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/kuŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kuŋ²¹/
	Xining	/kuə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kuŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/kũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/kuŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/koŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/koŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/koŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/koŋ/
	Nanjing	/koŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/kəŋ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/kuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/koŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/koŋ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/koŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕyɔ³³/ /koŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/kuʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/kan¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/koŋ³³/
	Xiangtan	/kən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kuŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kiuŋ⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/kioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/koŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/kuŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kuŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kiɔŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kyŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kœyŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kioŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/koŋ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨoŋ/

Rime
Character	恭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	九容切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋ/
Li Rong	/kioŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>oŋ/
English	respectful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恭
Reading #	1/1
No.	4166
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恭
Old Chinese	/*kloŋ/

Definitions

恭

1. respectful; polite; reverent
2. to (show) respect
3. A surname​.

Compounds

• 不恭 (bùgōng)
• 兄友弟恭 (xiōngyǒudìgōng)
• 出大恭 (chū dàgōng)
• 出小恭
• 出恭 (chūgōng)
• 出虛恭／出虚恭
• 前倨後恭／前倨后恭 (qiánjùhòugōng)
• 卻之不恭／却之不恭
• 大恭 (dàgōng)
• 後恭前倨／后恭前倨
• 恭人 (gōngrén)
• 恭候 (gōnghòu)
• 恭儉／恭俭
• 恭儉靜一／恭俭静一
• 恭喜 (gōngxǐ)
• 恭喜發財／恭喜发财 (gōngxǐ fācái)
• 恭士
• 恭己
• 恭己待人

• 恭恭敬敬 (gōnggōngjìngjìng)
• 恭敬 (gōngjìng)
• 恭本
• 恭本正傳／恭本正传
• 恭桶
• 恭楷
• 恭維／恭维 (gōngwéi)
• 恭維話／恭维话
• 恭職／恭职
• 恭聽／恭听
• 恭肅嚴整／恭肃严整
• 恭行天罰／恭行天罚
• 恭謹／恭谨 (gōngjǐn)
• 恭謹謙和／恭谨谦和
• 恭讀／恭读 (gōngdú)
• 恭賀／恭贺 (gōnghè)
• 恭賀新禧／恭贺新禧 (gōnghèxīnxǐ)
• 恭迎
• 恭送

• 恭逢其盛
• 恭順／恭顺 (gōngshùn)
• 打恭 (dǎgōng)
• 打恭作揖 (dǎgōngzuòyī)
• 桀驁不恭／桀骜不恭
• 洗耳恭聽／洗耳恭听 (xǐ'ěrgōngtīng)
• 玩世不恭 (wánshìbùgōng)
• 畢恭畢敬／毕恭毕敬 (bìgōngbìjìng)
• 耿恭拜井
• 肅恭／肃恭
• 臭恭維／臭恭维
• 虛恭實怨／虚恭实怨
• 謙恭／谦恭 (qiāngōng)
• 謙恭下士／谦恭下士
• 謙恭厚道／谦恭厚道
• 象恭
• 足恭
• 顛越不恭／颠越不恭

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Japanese

Kanji

恭

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. respect

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
• Kun: うやうやしい (uyauyashii, 恭しい, Jōyō)
• Nanori: きよ (kiyo); たかし (takashi); やす (yasu); やすし (yasushi); ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi)

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Korean

Hanja

恭 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)

1. respectful, polite, reverent

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Vietnamese

Han character

恭: Hán Nôm readings: cung

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.