恭
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]恭 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿金心 (TCP), four-corner 44338, composition ⿱共㣺)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10596
- Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2299, character 9
- Unihan data for U+606D
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
恭 | |
---|---|---|
2nd round simp. | ⿱共小 | |
alternative forms | 𢙄 龔/龚 龏/𱍁 供 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 恭 | ||
---|---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
---|---|
港 | *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs |
巷 | *ɡroːŋs |
衖 | *ɡroːŋs |
鬨 | *ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs |
烘 | *qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs |
洪 | *ɡloːŋ |
鉷 | *ɡloːŋ |
谼 | *ɡloːŋ |
葓 | *ɡoːŋ |
哄 | *ɡloːŋs |
蕻 | *ɡloːŋs |
恭 | *kloŋ |
供 | *kloŋ, *kloŋs |
龔 | *kloŋ |
珙 | *kloŋ, *kloŋʔ |
共 | *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs |
髸 | *kloŋ |
拱 | *kloŋʔ |
拲 | *kloŋʔ, *kloɡ |
蛬 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
栱 | *kloŋʔ |
輁 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
舼 | *ɡloŋ |
輂 | *kloɡ |
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kloŋ) : phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs, “heart”) + semantic 心
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): gung1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gung1
- Northern Min (KCR): gé̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1kon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gong
- Wade–Giles: kung1
- Yale: gūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
- Palladius: гун (gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гун (gun, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gung1
- Yale: gūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1
- Guangdong Romanization: gung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: guung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɵŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
- Hakka Romanization System: giungˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: giung1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gung1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kũŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gé̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 恭 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /kuŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /kuŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kəŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kuŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kuŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /kuə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /kũn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /koŋ/ | |
Nanjing | /koŋ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /kəŋ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kuəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /kuŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kũŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /koŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /koŋ³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕyɔ³³/ /koŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kuʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /kan¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /koŋ³³/ |
Xiangtan | /kən³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kuŋ⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kiuŋ⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kioŋ²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /koŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiɔŋ⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kyŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kœyŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kioŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /koŋ²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: kjowng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/
Definitions
[edit]恭
Compounds
[edit]- 不恭 (bùgōng)
- 兄友弟恭 (xiōngyǒudìgōng)
- 出大恭 (chū dàgōng)
- 出小恭
- 出恭 (chūgōng)
- 出虛恭/出虚恭
- 前倨後恭/前倨后恭 (qiánjùhòugōng)
- 卻之不恭/却之不恭
- 大恭 (dàgōng)
- 後恭前倨/后恭前倨
- 恭人 (gōngrén)
- 恭候 (gōnghòu)
- 恭儉/恭俭
- 恭儉靜一/恭俭静一
- 恭喜 (gōngxǐ)
- 恭喜發財/恭喜发财 (gōngxǐ fācái)
- 恭士
- 恭己
- 恭己待人
- 恭恭敬敬 (gōnggōngjìngjìng)
- 恭敬 (gōngjìng)
- 恭本
- 恭本正傳/恭本正传
- 恭桶
- 恭楷
- 恭維/恭维 (gōngwéi)
- 恭維話/恭维话
- 恭職/恭职
- 恭聽/恭听
- 恭肅嚴整/恭肃严整
- 恭行天罰/恭行天罚
- 恭謹/恭谨 (gōngjǐn)
- 恭謹謙和/恭谨谦和
- 恭讀/恭读 (gōngdú)
- 恭賀/恭贺 (gōnghè)
- 恭賀新禧/恭贺新禧 (gōnghèxīnxǐ)
- 恭迎 (gōngyíng)
- 恭送
- 恭逢其盛
- 恭順/恭顺 (gōngshùn)
- 打恭 (dǎgōng)
- 打恭作揖
- 桀驁不恭/桀骜不恭
- 洗耳恭聽/洗耳恭听 (xǐ'ěrgōngtīng)
- 玩世不恭 (wánshìbùgōng)
- 畢恭畢敬/毕恭毕敬 (bìgōngbìjìng)
- 耿恭拜井
- 肅恭/肃恭
- 臭恭維/臭恭维
- 虛恭實怨/虚恭实怨
- 謙恭/谦恭 (qiāngōng)
- 謙恭下士/谦恭下士
- 謙恭厚道/谦恭厚道
- 象恭
- 足恭
- 顛越不恭/颠越不恭
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]恭
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: く (ku)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
- Kun: うやうやしい (uyauyashii, 恭しい, Jōyō)
- Nanori: きよ (kiyo); たかし (takashi); やす (yasu); やすし (yasushi); ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]恭 (eumhun 공손할 공 (gongsonhal gong))
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading く
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading きょう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading うやうや・しい
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading きよ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たかし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading やす
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading やすし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ゆき
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading よし
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