拱

拱 U+62F1, 拱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62F1 ← 拰 [U+62F0] CJK Unified Ideographs 拲 → [U+62F2]

Translingual

Han character

拱 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 手廿金 (QTC), four-corner 5408₁, composition ⿰扌共)

Derived characters

• 𫪵

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11994
• Dae Jaweon: page 776, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1867, character 2
• Unihan data for U+62F1

Chinese

simp. and trad.		拱
alternative forms		共 廾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 拱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
港	*kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	*ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs
烘	*qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	*kloŋ, *kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	*kloŋ, *kloŋʔ
共	*kloŋ, *ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	*kloŋʔ, *kloɡ
蛬	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kloŋʔ): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǒng (gong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung²
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gorng³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kióng / kéng
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵kon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǒng
    • Wade–Giles: kung³
    • Yale: gǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goong
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gung²
    • Yale: gúng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gô̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gorng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɒŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kióng
    • Tâi-lô: kióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiorng
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng
    • Tâi-lô: kíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: keang
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

• kióng - literary;
• kéng - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵kon
    • MiniDict: kon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjowngX

Rime
Character	拱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居悚切
Baxter	kjowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋX/
Li Rong	/kioŋX/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)oŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	拱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǒng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowngX ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)oŋʔ/
English	join the hands
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拱
Reading #	1/1
No.	4172
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	拱
Old Chinese	/*kloŋʔ/

Definitions

拱

1. to fold the hands in front of the breast
2. to bow; to salute
3. to surround; to encircle

   眾星拱月／众星拱月  ―  zhòngxīnggǒngyuè  ―  to crowd around

4. (archaic) area enclosed by the arms
5. to push upwards or outwards
6. to sprout
7. to arch
8. arched
9. (Shanghainese) to keep pressing or pushing against a wal
10. (Shanghainese) wrinkled and uneven

Synonyms

• (to surround):

edit

• 包 (literary, or in compounds)
• 周旋 (zhōuxuán)
• 圍 / 围 (wéi)
• 圍繞 / 围绕
• 環抱 / 环抱 (huánbào)
• 環拱 / 环拱 (huángǒng) (literary)
• 環繞 / 环绕
• 盤旋 / 盘旋 (pánxuán)
• 迴旋 / 回旋 (huíxuán)

Compounds

• 垂拱 (chuígǒng)
• 垂拱而治
• 垂頭拱手 / 垂头拱手
• 墓木已拱 (mùmùyǐgǒng)
• 拱伏
• 拱候
• 拱券
• 拱動 / 拱动
• 拱北 (gǒngběi)
• 拱嘴
• 括囊拱手
• 拱廊 (gǒngláng)
• 拱手 (gǒngshǒu)
• 拱手作揖
• 拱手垂裳
• 拱手投降
• 拱手而別 / 拱手而别
• 拱手而降
• 拱手聽命 / 拱手听命
• 拱手讓人 / 拱手让人 (gǒngshǒuràngrén)
• 拱把
• 拱抱
• 拱揖
• 拱服
• 拱木
• 拱極星 / 拱极星
• 拱橋 / 拱桥 (gǒngqiáo)
• 拱璧
• 拱立
• 拱肩縮背 / 拱肩缩背
• 拱花
• 拱衛 / 拱卫 (gǒngwèi)
• 拱辰 (gǒngchén)
• 拱進 / 拱进
• 拱門 / 拱门 (gǒngmén)
• 拱閣 / 拱阁
• 拱頂 / 拱顶 (gǒngdǐng)
• 拱默
• 斗拱
• 木拱
• 枓拱
• 洗耳拱聽 / 洗耳拱听
• 深拱
• 珍同拱璧
• 眾星拱北 / 众星拱北
• 眾星拱月 / 众星拱月 (zhòngxīnggǒngyuè)
• 眾星拱辰 / 众星拱辰
• 端拱
• 舯拱
• 葉拱 / 叶拱
• 蔫拱
• 連拱壩 / 连拱坝
• 高拱
• 鳴琴垂拱 / 鸣琴垂拱

References

• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “拱”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 231.

Japanese

Kanji

拱

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. arch
2. fold arms

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
• Kun: こまぬく (komanuku, 拱く)、こまねく (komaneku, 拱く)

Korean

Hanja

拱 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)

1. fold hands on breast
2. bow, salute

Vietnamese

Han character

拱: Hán Việt readings: củng, cũng
拱: Nôm readings: cũng, cõng, cùng, cùm, cúng, ngỏng, ngõng

1. chữ Nôm form of cùm (“fetters”)
2. chữ Nôm form of cúng (“(religion, occult) to give offerings, to enshrine, to worship”)
3. chữ Nôm form of cùng (“with; and; same”)
4. chữ Nôm form of cũng (“also; too”)
5. chữ Nôm form of ngỏng (“(usually of a body part) to stretch high and tall; to raise high”)