供

供 U+4F9B, 供 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F9B ← 侚 [U+4F9A] CJK Unified Ideographs 侜 → [U+4F9C]

Translingual

Han character

供 (radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人廿金 (OTC), four-corner 2428₁, composition ⿰亻共)

Derived characters

• 䣏, 𥯏, 𧨻

Descendants

• 𛀮

References

• KangXi: page 102, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 605
• Dae Jaweon: page 216, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 144, character 4
• Unihan data for U+4F9B

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		供

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 供
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Small seal script s05738 Transcribed ancient scripts L00855 L00856
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
港	*kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	*ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs
烘	*qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	*kloŋ, *kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	*kloŋ, *kloŋʔ
共	*kloŋ, *ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	*kloŋʔ, *kloɡ
蛬	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kloŋ, *kloŋs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōng, gòng (gong¹, gong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ, ㄍㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûng
• Min Dong (BUC): gṳ̆ng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): keng / kiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng³

• Wu (Wiktionary): kon (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Wade–Giles: kung1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, common mispronunciation)⁺
    • Pinyin: gòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
    • Wade–Giles: kung4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: giung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
    • Tâi-lô: king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
    • Tâi-lô: kiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/

Note:

• keng - vernacular;
• kiong - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gêng³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ²¹³/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: kon (T1)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨoŋ/

Rime
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	九容切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋ/
Li Rong	/kioŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	供
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>oŋ/
English	furnish; serve, offer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
No.	4167
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恭
Old Chinese	/*kloŋ/

Definitions

供

1. to supply; to provide for
2. to provide certain convenience or support
3. A surname​.

Compounds

Derived terms from 供

• 供不上
• 供不應求／供不应求 (gōngbùyìngqiú)
• 供張／供张
• 供應商／供应商 (gōngyìngshāng)
• 供水 (gōngshuǐ)
• 供求 (gōngqiú)
• 供用 (gōngyòng)

• 供給／供给 (gōngjǐ)
• 供膳甘肥
• 供過於求／供过于求 (gōngguòyúqiú)
• 供銷／供销 (gōngxiāo)
• 供銷員／供销员
• 供電／供电 (gōngdiàn)
• 供電系統／供电系统

• 供需 (gōngxū)
• 供需失衡
• 供需失調／供需失调
• 供食 (gōngshí)
• 提供 (tígōng)
• 求過於供／求过于供
• 產供銷／产供销

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gòng, gōng (gong⁴, gong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ, ㄍㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûng / kiung
• Min Dong (BUC): gé̤ṳng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiòng / kèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gong³ / gêng¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): jion (T2); kon (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
    • Wade–Giles: kung4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Wade–Giles: kung1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• gōng - Taiwan standard for “to confess; confession”, and Mainland standard for “to look after”. In actual usage, however, the two pronunciations are often confused.

Cantonese

• (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  • Jyutping: gung³
  • Yale: gung
  • Cantonese Pinyin: gung³
  • Guangdong Romanization: gung³
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³³/

Hakka

• (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng / kiung
  • Hakka Romanization System: giung´ / giung
  • Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹ / giung⁴
  • Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/, /ki̯uŋ⁵⁵/

Min Dong

• (Fuzhou)
  • Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /køyŋ²¹³/

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiòng
  • Tâi-lô: kiòng
  • Phofsit Daibuun: kioxng
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴¹/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ²¹/
• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  • Tâi-lô: kìng
  • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/

Note:

• kiòng - literary;
• kèng - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gong³ / gêng¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòng / keng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ²¹³/, /keŋ³³/

Note: gêng1 - alternative reading.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jion (T2); kon (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁴/, /kʊŋ³⁴/

Note:

• 2jion - vernacular;
• 2kon - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨoŋ^H/

Rime
Character	供
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居用切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋH/
Li Rong	/kioŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiòng

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	供
Reading #	2/2
No.	4178
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	供
Old Chinese	/*kloŋs/

Definitions

供

1. to present incense or offerings before the image of a god or the deceased; to enshrine and worship
2. offering; tribute; sacrifice
3. to assume office
4. to confess; to own up; to make a confession of
5. confession; admission; owning up
6. to look after (one's parents or children etc.); to support

Compounds

Derived terms from 供

• 上供 (shànggòng)
• 不供
• 串供 (chuàngòng)
• 供事 (gòngshì)
• 供佛 (gòngfó)
• 供吐
• 供品 (gòngpǐn)
• 供奉 (gòngfèng)
• 供奠
• 供客
• 供尖
• 供床
• 供應／供应 (gōngyìng)
• 供承
• 供招
• 供攀
• 供月兒／供月儿
• 供果 (gòngguǒ)

• 供桌 (gòngzhuō)
• 供狀／供状 (gòngzhuàng)
• 供獻／供献
• 供碗
• 供稱／供称 (gòngchēng)
• 供職／供职 (gòngzhí)
• 供花兒／供花儿
• 供茶
• 供詞／供词 (gòngcí)
• 供認／供认 (gòngrèn)
• 供述 (gòngshù)
• 供過／供过
• 供養／供养 (gōngyǎng)
• 口供 (kǒugòng)
• 打供
• 打供太保
• 投供

• 招供 (zhāogòng)
• 擺供／摆供
• 攀供
• 明伙畫供／明伙画供
• 炸供
• 煙雲供養／烟云供养
• 畫供／画供 (huàgòng)
• 筆供／笔供 (bǐgòng)
• 翻供 (fāngòng)
• 自供狀／自供状 (zìgòngzhuàng)
• 蜜供
• 親供／亲供
• 訊供／讯供
• 逼供 (bīgòng)
• 錄供／录供
• 香花供養／香花供养
• 齋供／斋供

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Japanese

Kanji

供

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. companion
2. offer

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kun: そなえる (sonaeru, 供える, Jōyō); とも (tomo, 供, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 供(そな)え物(もの) (sonaemono, “offering to gods”)
• 供物(くもつ) (kumotsu, “offering to gods”)
• 供宴(きょうえん) (kyōen, “banquet”)
• 供応(きょうおう) (kyōō, “treating to dinner”)
• 供花(きょうか) (kyōka, “floral offering”)
• 供犠(くぎ) (kugi, “animal sacrifice”)
• 供給(きょうきゅう) (kyōkyū, “supply”)
• 供血(きょうけつ) (kyōketsu, “blood donation”)
• 供御(くご) (kugo, “emperor's meal”)
• 供祭(ぐさい) (gusai, “offering”)
• 供出(きょうしゅつ) (kyōshutsu, “delivery”)
• 供述(きょうじゅつ) (kyōjutsu, “affidavit”)
• 供進(ぐしん) (gushin, “giving an offering”)
• 供人(ともびと) (tomobito, “companion”)
• 供勢(ともぜい) (tomozei, “servant”)
• 供託(きょうたく) (kyōtaku, “deposit”)

• 供米(きょうまい) (kyōmai, “rice delivered to the government”)
• 供奉(ぐぶ) (gubu, “accompanying”)
• 供与(きょうよ) (kyōyo, “provision”)
• 供用(きょうよう) (kyōyō, “offer for use”)
• 供養(くよう) (kuyō, “memorial service”)
• 供覧(きょうらん) (kyōran, “display”)
• 供料(きょうりょう) (kyōryō, “offering”)
• 口供(こうきょう) (kōkyō, “affidavit”)
• 自供(じきょう) (jikyō, “confession”)
• 節供(せっく) (sekku, “seasonal festival”)
• 提供(ていきょう) (teikyō, “providing”)
• 私供(わたしども) (watashidomo, “we”)
• 初節供(はつぜっく) (hatsuzekku)
• 子供(こども) (kodomo, “child”)
• [試供品(しきょうひん) (shikyōhin, “free sample”)

Kanji in this term
供
とも Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Noun

供(とも) • (tomo)

1. attendant, servant
2. companion
3. entourage

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 人身御供(ひとみごくう) (hitomigokū, “human sacrifice”)
• 供回(ともまわ)り (tomomawari)

• 供待(ともま)ち (tomomachi, “attendant's waiting room”)
• 供揃(ともぞろ)い (tomozoroi, “attendants”)

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Korean

Hanja

供 (eum 공 (gong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

供: Hán Nôm readings: cung, cúng, củng, cũng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation