供

供 U+4F9B, 供 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F9B ← 侚 [U+4F9A] CJK Unified Ideographs 侜 → [U+4F9C]

Translingual

Han character

供 (radical 9 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人廿金 (OTC), four-corner 2428₁, composition ⿰亻共)

References

• KangXi: page 102, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 605
• Dae Jaweon: page 216, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 144, character 4
• Unihan data for U+4F9B

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		供

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 供
Small seal script
Large seal script L00855 L00856 Small seal script s05738
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (large seal) and Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
港	*kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	*ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs
烘	*qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	*kloŋ, *kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	*kloŋ, *kloŋʔ
共	*kloŋ, *ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	*kloŋʔ, *kloɡ
蛬	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kloŋ, *kloŋs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōng, gòng (gong¹, gong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ, ㄍㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûng
• Min Dong (BUC): gṳ̆ng
• Min Nan (POJ): keng / kiong
• Wu (Wiktionary): kon (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: kung¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, common mispronunciation)⁺
    • Pinyin: gòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
    • Wade-Giles: kung⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: giung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹
    • IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
    • IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
    • Tâi-lô: king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
    • Tâi-lô: kiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• keng - vernacular;
• kiong - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: kon (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨoŋ/▼

Rime
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	九容切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋ/
Li Rong	/kioŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	供
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>oŋ/
English	furnish; serve, offer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
No.	4167
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恭
Old Chinese	/*kloŋ/

Definitions

供

1. to supply; to provide for
2. to provide certain convenience or support
3. A surname​.

Compounds

Derived terms from 供

• 供不上
• 供不應求／供不应求 (gōngbùyìngqiú)
• 供張／供张
• 供應商／供应商 (gōngyìngshāng)
• 供水
• 供求 (gōngqiú)
• 供用 (gōngyòng)

• 供給／供给 (gōngjǐ)
• 供膳甘肥
• 供過於求／供过于求
• 供銷／供销 (gōngxiāo)
• 供銷員／供销员
• 供電／供电 (gōngdiàn)
• 供電系統／供电系统

• 供需 (gōngxū)
• 供需失衡
• 供需失調／供需失调
• 供食 (gōngshí)
• 提供 (tígōng)
• 求過於供／求过于供
• 產供銷／产供销

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gòng, gōng (gong⁴, gong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˋ, ㄍㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûng / kiung
• Min Dong (BUC): gé̤ṳng
• Min Nan (POJ): kiòng / kèng
• Wu (Wiktionary): jion (T2); kon (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
    • Wade-Giles: kung⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: kung¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• gōng - Taiwan standard for “to confess; confession”, and Mainland standard for “to look after”. In actual usage, however, the two pronunciations are often confused.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung³
    • Yale: gung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung³
    • IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng / kiung
    • Hakka Romanization System: giung´ / giung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹ / giung⁴
    • IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/, /ki̯uŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳng
    • IPA ^(key): /køyŋ²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiòng
    • Tâi-lô: kiòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kioxng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/

Note:

• kiòng - literary;
• kèng - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jion (T2); kon (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁴/, /kʊŋ³⁴/

Note:

• 2jion - vernacular;
• 2kon - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨoŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	供
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居用切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋH/
Li Rong	/kioŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiòng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	供
Reading #	2/2
No.	4178
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	供
Old Chinese	/*kloŋs/

Definitions

供

1. to present incense or offerings before the image of a god or the deceased; to enshrine and worship
2. offering; tribute; sacrifice
3. to assume office
4. to confess; to own up; to make a confession of
5. confession; admission; owning up
6. to look after (one's parents or children etc.); to support

Compounds

Derived terms from 供

• 上供 (shànggòng)
• 不供
• 串供 (chuàngòng)
• 供事
• 供佛
• 供吐
• 供品 (gòngpǐn)
• 供奉 (gòngfèng)
• 供奠
• 供客
• 供尖
• 供床
• 供應／供应 (gōngyìng)
• 供承
• 供招
• 供攀
• 供月兒／供月儿
• 供果

• 供桌
• 供狀／供状 (gòngzhuàng)
• 供獻／供献
• 供碗
• 供稱／供称
• 供職／供职
• 供花兒／供花儿
• 供茶
• 供詞／供词 (gòngcí)
• 供認／供认 (gòngrèn)
• 供述 (gòngshù)
• 供過／供过
• 供養／供养 (gōngyǎng)
• 口供 (kǒugòng)
• 打供
• 打供太保
• 投供

• 招供 (zhāogòng)
• 擺供／摆供
• 攀供
• 明伙畫供／明伙画供
• 炸供
• 煙雲供養／烟云供养
• 畫供／画供 (huàgòng)
• 筆供／笔供 (bǐgòng)
• 翻供 (fāngòng)
• 自供狀／自供状 (zìgòngzhuàng)
• 蜜供
• 親供／亲供
• 訊供／讯供
• 逼供 (bīgòng)
• 錄供／录供
• 香花供養／香花供养
• 齋供／斋供

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Japanese

Kanji

供

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: く (ku, Jōyō, uncommon)
• Kan’on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
• Kan’yōon: ぐ (gu)
• Kun: そなえる (sonaeru, 供える, Jōyō); とも (tomo, 供, Jōyō); そなえ (sonae, 供え)

Compounds

• 供物 (そなえもの) (sonaemono)
• 供物 (くもつ) (kumotsu)
• 供 (きょう)宴 (えん) (kyōen)
• 供応
• 供花
• 供華
• 供犠
• 供 (きょう)給 (きゅう) (kyōkyū)
• 供血
• 供御
• 供祭
• 供出
• 供述
• 供進
• 供人
• 供勢
• 供託

• 供米
• 供奉
• 供与
• 供用
• 供養
• 供覧
• 供料
• 口供
• 自供
• 節供
• 提供
• 私供
• 初節供
• 子供
• 試供品

Kanji in this term
供
とも Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Noun

供 (hiragana とも, rōmaji tomo)

1. attendant, servant
2. companion
3. entourage

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 人身御供
• 供回り

• 供待ち
• 供揃い

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Korean

Hanja

供 • (gong) (hangeul 공, McCune-Reischauer kong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

供 (cung, cúng, củng, cũng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation