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companion

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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    From Middle English companion, from Old French compaignon (“companion”) (modern French compagnon), from Late Latin compāniōn- (nominative singular compāniō, whence French copain), from com- +‎ pānis (literally, with + bread), a word first attested in the Frankish Lex Salica as a calque of a Germanic word, probably Frankish *galaibo, *gahlaibō (“messmate”, literally “with-bread”), from Proto-Germanic *gahlaibô. Compare also Old High German galeipo (“messmate”) and Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰 (gahlaiba, “messmate”); and, for the semantics, compare Old Armenian ընկեր (ənker, “friend”, literally “messmate”). More at co-, loaf. Displaced native Old English ġefēra (literally “fellow traveler”). Compare company and mate.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /kəmˈpæn.jən/
    • Audio (US):(file)
    • Hyphenation: com‧pan‧ion
    • Rhymes: -ænjən

    Noun

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    companion (plural companions)

    1. A friend, acquaintance or partner; someone with whom one spends time or accompanies
      His dog has been his trusted companion for the last five years.
      • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v], page 398, column 1:
        Heere are your Sonnes againe, and I muſt looſe / Two of the ſweet’ſt Companions in the World.
      • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Varren Codex entry:
        The krogan have had a love-hate relationship with varren for millennia, alternately fighting them for territory and embracing them as treasured companions.
      • 2017 September 27, David Browne, “Hugh Hefner, 'Playboy' Founder, Dead at 91”, in Rolling Stone:
        For the most part, Hefner's female companions all adhered to the same mold: twentysomething, bosomy and blonde. "Well, I guess I know what I like," he once said when asked about his preferences.
    2. (dated) A person employed to accompany or travel with another.
    3. (nautical) The framework on the quarterdeck of a sailing ship through which daylight entered the cabins below.
    4. (nautical) The covering of a hatchway on an upper deck which leads to the companionway; the stairs themselves.
    5. (topology) A knot in whose neighborhood another, specified knot meets every meridian disk.
    6. (figuratively) A person, thing or phenomenon that is closely associated with another person, thing or phenomenon.
    7. (attributive) An appended source of media or information, designed to be used in conjunction with and to enhance the main material.
      The companion guide gives an in-depth analysis of this particular translation.
    8. (astronomy) A celestial object that is associated with another.
    9. A knight of the lowest rank in certain orders.
      a companion of the Bath
    10. (obsolete, derogatory) A fellow; a rogue.

    Synonyms

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    Derived terms

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    Translations

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    Verb

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    companion (third-person singular simple present companions, present participle companioning, simple past and past participle companioned)

    1. (obsolete) To be a companion to; to attend on; to accompany.
      • 1865, John Ruskin, Precious Thoughts:
        we had better turn south quickly and compare the elements of education which formed , and of creation which companioned , Salvator .
    2. (obsolete) To qualify as a companion; to make equal.

    Romanian

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?
    Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
    Proto-Italic *kom
    Proto-Italic *kom-
    Latin con-
    Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-der.?
    Latin pānis
    Proto-Indo-European *-ōder.
    Proto-Indo-European *-Hōder.?
    Latin -ō
    Proto-West Germanic *gahlaibōcalq.
    Late Latin compāniō
    Old French compaignon
    French compagnonbor.
    Romanian companion

      Borrowed from French compagnon.

      Noun

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      companion m (plural companioni, feminine equivalent companioană)

      1. companion

      Declension

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      singular plural
      indefinite definite indefinite definite
      nominative-accusative companion companionul companioni companionii
      genitive-dative companion companionului companioni companionilor
      vocative companionule companionilor
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