دوست
Baluchi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst), from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/), from Proto-Iranian *jawštā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és, from *ǵews-.
Noun
[edit]دوست • (dost)
Chagatai
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst), from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/), from Proto-Iranian *jawštā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és, from *ǵews-.
Noun
[edit]دوست • (dost) (plural دوستلار)
Declension
[edit]
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Pashto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst), from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/), from Proto-Iranian *jawštā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és, from *ǵews-.
Noun
[edit]دوست • (dost) m (plural دوستان (dostân))
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | دوست (dost) | دوستان (dostân) |
| oblique I | دوست (dost) | دوستانو (dostâno) |
| oblique II | دوسته (dosta) | دوستانو (dostâno) |
| vocative | دوسته (dosta) | دوستانو (dostâno) |
References
[edit]- Raverty, H. G. (1867), “دوست”, in A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues, London: Williams & Nortgate
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/), from Proto-Iranian *jawštā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és, from *ǵews-.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈdoːst/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪uːst̪ʰ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪ɵst̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | dōst |
| Dari reading? | dōst |
| Iranian reading? | dust |
| Tajik reading? | düst |
Noun
[edit]| Dari | دوست |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | дӯст |
دوست • (dōst / dust) (plural دوستان (dōstān / dustân), or دوستها (dōst-hā / dust-hâ), Tajik spelling дӯст)
- friend
- Synonym: جوره (jure)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1458:
- دوستان بین، کو نشان دوستان
دوستان را رنج باشد همچو جان- dōstān bīn, kū nišān-i dōstān
dōstān rā ranj bāšad hamču jān - See the friends! Where is the sign of (true) friends?
To (true) friends pain is as (dear as) life.”
- dōstān bīn, kū nišān-i dōstān
- c. 13th century, Saadi Shirazi, “Qit'a 146”, in مواعظ [mawā'iz, sermons][1]:
- پدر، که جان عزیزش به لب رسید، چه گفت؟
یکی نصیحت من گوش دار، جان عزیز:
به دوست، گرچه عزیز است، راز دل مگشای،
که دوست نیز بگوید به دوستان عزیز.- padar, ki jān-i azīzaš ba lab rasīd, či guft?
yakē nasīhat-i man gōš dār, jān-i azīz:
ba dōst, gar-či azīz ast, rāz-i dil magšāy,
ki dōst nīz bigōyad ba dōstān-i azīz. - What did my father say on his death bed?
"Listen to this advice of mine, o' dear:
Do not reveal your secret to your friend, however dear he may be to you,
for your friend will also relate it to his dear friends."
- padar, ki jān-i azīzaš ba lab rasīd, či guft?
- boyfriend or girlfriend
- lover, beloved
Inflection
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| bare | دوست (dust) | دوستها، دوستا△ (dust-hấ, dustấ△) |
| definitive direct object | دوست را، دوست رو△ (dust râ, dusto△) | دوستها را، دوستا رو△ (dust-hấ râ, dustấ ro△) |
| ezâfe | دوست (dust-e) | دوستهای، دوستای△ (dust-hấ-ye, dustấ-ye△) |
| marked indefinite or relative definite |
دوستی (dust-i) | دوستهایی، دوستایی△ (dustấn-i, dust-hấ-i, dustấi△) |
△ Colloquial.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular (“my”) |
دوستم (dustam) | دوستهایم، دوستهام، دوستام△ (dust-hấyam, dustấm△) |
| 2nd person singular (“your”) |
دوستت (dustat, dustet△) | دوستهایت، دوستهات، دوستات△ (dust-hấyat, dustất△) |
| 3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) |
دوستش (dustaš, dusteš△) | دوستهایش، دوستهاش، دوستاش△ (dust-hấyaš, dustấš△) |
| 1st person plural (“our”) |
دوستمان، دوستمون△ (dustemân, dustemun△) | دوستهایمان، دوستهامون، دوستامون△ (dust-hấyemân, dustấmun△) |
| 2nd person plural (“your”) |
دوستتان، دوستتون△ (dustetân, dustetun△) | دوستهایتان، دوستهاتون، دوستاتون△ (dust-hấyetân, dustấtun△) |
| 3rd person plural (“their”) |
دوستشان، دوستشون△ (dustešân, dustešun△) | دوستهایشان، دوستهاشون، دوستاشون△ (dust-hấyešân, dustấšun△) |
△ Colloquial.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| bare | دوست (dōst) | دوستها (dōst-hā́) |
| definitive direct object | دوست را، دوست ره△ (dōst rā́, dōsta△) | دوستها را، دوستا ره△ (dōst-hā́ rā́, dōstā́ ra△) |
| izāfa | دوست (dōst-i) | دوستهای، دوستای△ (dōst-hā́-yi, dōstā́-yi△) |
| marked indefinite or relative definite |
دوستی (dōst-ē) | دوستهایی، دوستایی△ (dōstā́n-ē, dōst-hā́-ē, dōstā́-yē△) |
△ Colloquial Dari.
2=Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular (“my”) |
دوستم (dōstam) | دوستهایم، دوستایم△ (dōst-hā́yam, dōstā́ym△) |
| 2nd person singular (“your”) |
دوستت (dōstat) | دوستهایت، دوستایت△ (dōst-hā́yat, dōstā́yt△) |
| 3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) |
دوستش، دوستشِی△ (dōstaš, dōstšī△) | دوستهایش، دوستایش△ (dōst-hā́yaš, dōstā́yš△) |
| 1st person plural (“our”) |
دوستمان، دوستما△ (dōstimān, dōstimā△) | دوستهایمان، دوستایما△ (dōst-hā́yimān, dōstā́ymā△) |
| 2nd person plural (“your”) |
دوستتان (dōstitān) | دوستهایتان، دوستایتان△ (dōst-hā́yitān, dōstā́ytān△) |
| 3rd person plural (“their”) |
دوستشان (dōstišān) | دوستهایشان، دوستایشان△ (dōst-hā́yišān, dōstā́yšān△) |
△ Colloquial.
Derived terms
[edit]- دوستکام (dustkâm)
- دوسْت دَاشْتَن (dust dâštan)
- دوسْتانِه (dustâne)
- دوسْتی (dusti)
Descendants
[edit]- → Armenian: դոստ (dost)
- → Azerbaijani: dost
- → Baluchi: دوست (dost)
- → Bashkir: дуҫ (duś)
- → Bengali: দোস্ত (dōsto)
- → Crimean Tatar: dost
- → Dongxiang: dosi
- → Gujarati: દોસ્ત (dost)
- → Hindi: दोस्त (dost)
- → Telugu: దోస్తు (dōstu)
- → Georgian: დოსტი (dosṭi)
- → Kazakh: дос (dos)
- → Northern Kurdish: dost
- → Kyrgyz: дос (dos)
- → Malayalam: ദോസ്ത് (dōstŭ)
- → Mandarin: 朵斯提 (duǒsītí), 多斯提 (duōsītí), 朵斯達尼 / 朵斯达尼 (duǒsīdání)
- → Pashto: دوست (dost)
- → Punjabi: ਦੋਸਤ (dosat), دوست (dost)
- → Turkish: dost
- → Urdu: دوسْت (dost)
- → Uyghur: دوست (dost)
- → Uzbek: doʻst
- → Zazaki: dost
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst), from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/), from Proto-Iranian *jawštā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és, from *ǵews-.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪oːst̪/
- Rhymes: -oːst̪
Noun
[edit]دوسْت • (dost) m or f (female equivalent دوسْت (dost) or سَہیلی (sahelī), Hindi spelling दोस्त)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | دوست (dost) | دوست (dost) |
| oblique | دوست (dost) | دوستوں (dostõ) |
| vocative | دوست (dost) | دوستو (dosto) |
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | دوست (dost) | دوستیں (dostẽ) |
| oblique | دوست (dost) | دوستوں (dostõ) |
| vocative | دوست (dost) | دوستو (dosto) |
Related terms
[edit]- دوسْتی (dostī, “friendship”)
- سَہیلی (sahelī, “female friend”)
References
[edit]- “دوست”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “دوست”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
Uyghur
[edit]| Arabic | دوست |
|---|---|
| Latin | dost |
| Cyrillic | дост (dost) |
Note: The Cyrillic follows the Kazakhstani standard.
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Chagatai دوست (dwst /dost/), borrowed from Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst), from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/), from Proto-Iranian *jawštā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és, from *ǵews-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]دوست • (dost) (plural دوستلار (dostlar))
Usage notes
[edit]دوست (dost) is the regular term for a friend, while ئاداش (adash) refers to close friends. However, ئاداش (adash) should be used to strangers to show politeness. ئاغىنە (aghine) is used for contemporaries, while ئۈلپەت (ülpet) refers to companions at work, or whom one is collaborating with.
- Baluchi terms derived from Middle Persian
- Baluchi terms derived from Old Persian
- Baluchi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Baluchi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵews-
- Baluchi terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Baluchi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Baluchi terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Baluchi terms derived from Classical Persian
- Baluchi lemmas
- Baluchi nouns
- Chagatai terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Chagatai terms derived from Middle Persian
- Chagatai terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Chagatai terms derived from Classical Persian
- Chagatai terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵews-
- Chagatai terms derived from Old Persian
- Chagatai terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Chagatai terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Chagatai lemmas
- Chagatai nouns
- Chagatai terms derived from other languages
- Pashto terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Pashto terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Pashto terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵews-
- Pashto terms derived from Middle Persian
- Pashto terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Pashto terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Pashto terms derived from Old Persian
- Pashto terms derived from Classical Persian
- Pashto lemmas
- Pashto nouns
- Pashto masculine nouns
- Pashto terms with obsolete senses
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵews-
- Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with quotations
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Urdu terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵews-
- Urdu terms derived from Old Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Urdu/oːst̪
- Rhymes:Urdu/oːst̪/1 syllable
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu nouns with other-gender equivalents
- Urdu masculine nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- Urdu nouns with multiple genders
- Urdu nouns with declension
- Urdu masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Urdu feminine consonant-stem nouns
- Uyghur terms derived from Chagatai
- Uyghur terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Uyghur terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵews-
- Uyghur terms inherited from Chagatai
- Uyghur terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Uyghur terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Uyghur terms derived from Old Persian
- Uyghur terms derived from Middle Persian
- Uyghur terms derived from Classical Persian
- Uyghur 1-syllable words
- Uyghur terms with IPA pronunciation
- Uyghur lemmas
- Uyghur nouns
- Uyghur countable nouns
- Uyghur terms with usage examples
