صاحب
Arabic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Active participle of صَحِبَ (ṣaḥiba, “to accompany”), from the root ص ح ب (ṣ-ḥ-b).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
صَاحِب • (ṣāḥib) m (plural أَصْحَاب (ʔaṣḥāb) or صُحْبَان (ṣuḥbān) or صِحَاب (ṣiḥāb) or صَحْب (ṣaḥb), feminine صَاحِبَة (ṣāḥiba))
- associate, companion, comrade, friend
- adherent, follower
- (with a following genitive) man, owner, possessor, holder, master, lord, commander, representative, author
- inhabitant, dweller
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 9:70:
- أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَصْحَابِ مَدْيَنَ وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَاتِ ۚ أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ۖ فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِن كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- warden
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 74:31:
- وَمَا جَعَلْنَا أَصْحَابَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَلَائِكَةً […]
- wamā jaʕalnā ʔaṣḥāba an-nāri ʔillā malāʔikatan […]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension[edit]
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | صَاحِب ṣāḥib |
الصَّاحِب aṣ-ṣāḥib |
صَاحِب ṣāḥib |
صَاحِبَة ṣāḥiba |
الصَّاحِبَة aṣ-ṣāḥiba |
صَاحِبَة ṣāḥibat |
Nominative | صَاحِبٌ ṣāḥibun |
الصَّاحِبُ aṣ-ṣāḥibu |
صَاحِبُ ṣāḥibu |
صَاحِبَةٌ ṣāḥibatun |
الصَّاحِبَةُ aṣ-ṣāḥibatu |
صَاحِبَةُ ṣāḥibatu |
Accusative | صَاحِبًا ṣāḥiban |
الصَّاحِبَ aṣ-ṣāḥiba |
صَاحِبَ ṣāḥiba |
صَاحِبَةً ṣāḥibatan |
الصَّاحِبَةَ aṣ-ṣāḥibata |
صَاحِبَةَ ṣāḥibata |
Genitive | صَاحِبٍ ṣāḥibin |
الصَّاحِبِ aṣ-ṣāḥibi |
صَاحِبِ ṣāḥibi |
صَاحِبَةٍ ṣāḥibatin |
الصَّاحِبَةِ aṣ-ṣāḥibati |
صَاحِبَةِ ṣāḥibati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | صَاحِبَيْن ṣāḥibayn |
الصَّاحِبَيْن aṣ-ṣāḥibayn |
صَاحِبَيْ ṣāḥibay |
صَاحِبَتَيْن ṣāḥibatayn |
الصَّاحِبَتَيْن aṣ-ṣāḥibatayn |
صَاحِبَتَيْ ṣāḥibatay |
Nominative | صَاحِبَانِ ṣāḥibāni |
الصَّاحِبَانِ aṣ-ṣāḥibāni |
صَاحِبَا ṣāḥibā |
صَاحِبَتَانِ ṣāḥibatāni |
الصَّاحِبَتَانِ aṣ-ṣāḥibatāni |
صَاحِبَتَا ṣāḥibatā |
Accusative | صَاحِبَيْنِ ṣāḥibayni |
الصَّاحِبَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāḥibayni |
صَاحِبَيْ ṣāḥibay |
صَاحِبَتَيْنِ ṣāḥibatayni |
الصَّاحِبَتَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāḥibatayni |
صَاحِبَتَيْ ṣāḥibatay |
Genitive | صَاحِبَيْنِ ṣāḥibayni |
الصَّاحِبَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāḥibayni |
صَاحِبَيْ ṣāḥibay |
صَاحِبَتَيْنِ ṣāḥibatayni |
الصَّاحِبَتَيْنِ aṣ-ṣāḥibatayni |
صَاحِبَتَيْ ṣāḥibatay |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
basic broken plural triptote | sound feminine plural; basic broken plural diptote | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَصْحَاب; صُحْبَان; صِحَاب; صَحْب ʔaṣḥāb; ṣuḥbān; ṣiḥāb; ṣaḥb |
الْأَصْحَاب; الصُّحْبَان; الصِّحَاب; الصَّحْب al-ʔaṣḥāb; aṣ-ṣuḥbān; aṣ-ṣiḥāb; aṣ-ṣaḥb |
أَصْحَاب; صُحْبَان; صِحَاب; صَحْب ʔaṣḥāb; ṣuḥbān; ṣiḥāb; ṣaḥb |
صَاحِبَات; صَوَاحِب ṣāḥibāt; ṣawāḥib |
الصَّاحِبَات; الصَّوَاحِب aṣ-ṣāḥibāt; aṣ-ṣawāḥib |
صَاحِبَات; صَوَاحِب ṣāḥibāt; ṣawāḥib |
Nominative | أَصْحَابٌ; صُحْبَانٌ; صِحَابٌ; صَحْبٌ ʔaṣḥābun; ṣuḥbānun; ṣiḥābun; ṣaḥbun |
الْأَصْحَابُ; الصُّحْبَانُ; الصِّحَابُ; الصَّحْبُ al-ʔaṣḥābu; aṣ-ṣuḥbānu; aṣ-ṣiḥābu; aṣ-ṣaḥbu |
أَصْحَابُ; صُحْبَانُ; صِحَابُ; صَحْبُ ʔaṣḥābu; ṣuḥbānu; ṣiḥābu; ṣaḥbu |
صَاحِبَاتٌ; صَوَاحِبُ ṣāḥibātun; ṣawāḥibu |
الصَّاحِبَاتُ; الصَّوَاحِبُ aṣ-ṣāḥibātu; aṣ-ṣawāḥibu |
صَاحِبَاتُ; صَوَاحِبُ ṣāḥibātu; ṣawāḥibu |
Accusative | أَصْحَابًا; صُحْبَانًا; صِحَابًا; صَحْبًا ʔaṣḥāban; ṣuḥbānan; ṣiḥāban; ṣaḥban |
الْأَصْحَابَ; الصُّحْبَانَ; الصِّحَابَ; الصَّحْبَ al-ʔaṣḥāba; aṣ-ṣuḥbāna; aṣ-ṣiḥāba; aṣ-ṣaḥba |
أَصْحَابَ; صُحْبَانَ; صِحَابَ; صَحْبَ ʔaṣḥāba; ṣuḥbāna; ṣiḥāba; ṣaḥba |
صَاحِبَاتٍ; صَوَاحِبَ ṣāḥibātin; ṣawāḥiba |
الصَّاحِبَاتِ; الصَّوَاحِبَ aṣ-ṣāḥibāti; aṣ-ṣawāḥiba |
صَاحِبَاتِ; صَوَاحِبَ ṣāḥibāti; ṣawāḥiba |
Genitive | أَصْحَابٍ; صُحْبَانٍ; صِحَابٍ; صَحْبٍ ʔaṣḥābin; ṣuḥbānin; ṣiḥābin; ṣaḥbin |
الْأَصْحَابِ; الصُّحْبَانِ; الصِّحَابِ; الصَّحْبِ al-ʔaṣḥābi; aṣ-ṣuḥbāni; aṣ-ṣiḥābi; aṣ-ṣaḥbi |
أَصْحَابِ; صُحْبَانِ; صِحَابِ; صَحْبِ ʔaṣḥābi; ṣuḥbāni; ṣiḥābi; ṣaḥbi |
صَاحِبَاتٍ; صَوَاحِبَ ṣāḥibātin; ṣawāḥiba |
الصَّاحِبَاتِ; الصَّوَاحِبِ aṣ-ṣāḥibāti; aṣ-ṣawāḥibi |
صَاحِبَاتِ; صَوَاحِبِ ṣāḥibāti; ṣawāḥibi |
Derived terms[edit]
- يَا صَاحِ (yā ṣāḥi)
Descendants[edit]
- Maltese: sieħeb
- → Armenian: սոհբաթ (sohbatʿ)
- → Azerbaijani: sahib
- → Ottoman Turkish: صاحب
- → Pashto: صيب
- → Persian: صاحب
- → Swahili: sahibu
See also[edit]
- صَدِيق (ṣadīq)
Verb[edit]
صَاحَبَ • (ṣāḥaba) III, non-past يُصَاحِبُ (yuṣāḥibu)
Conjugation[edit]
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
مُصَاحَبَة or صِحَاب muṣāḥaba or ṣiḥāb | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muṣāḥib | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muṣāḥab | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ṣāḥabtu |
ṣāḥabta |
صَاحَبَ ṣāḥaba |
ṣāḥabtumā |
ṣāḥabā |
ṣāḥabnā |
ṣāḥabtum |
ṣāḥabū | |||
f | ṣāḥabti |
ṣāḥabat |
ṣāḥabatā |
ṣāḥabtunna |
ṣāḥabna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuṣāḥibu |
tuṣāḥibu |
yuṣāḥibu |
tuṣāḥibāni |
yuṣāḥibāni |
nuṣāḥibu |
tuṣāḥibūna |
yuṣāḥibūna | |||
f | tuṣāḥibīna |
tuṣāḥibu |
tuṣāḥibāni |
tuṣāḥibna |
yuṣāḥibna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuṣāḥiba |
tuṣāḥiba |
yuṣāḥiba |
tuṣāḥibā |
yuṣāḥibā |
nuṣāḥiba |
tuṣāḥibū |
yuṣāḥibū | |||
f | tuṣāḥibī |
tuṣāḥiba |
tuṣāḥibā |
tuṣāḥibna |
yuṣāḥibna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuṣāḥib |
tuṣāḥib |
yuṣāḥib |
tuṣāḥibā |
yuṣāḥibā |
nuṣāḥib |
tuṣāḥibū |
yuṣāḥibū | |||
f | tuṣāḥibī |
tuṣāḥib |
tuṣāḥibā |
tuṣāḥibna |
yuṣāḥibna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | صَاحِبْ ṣāḥib |
ṣāḥibā |
ṣāḥibū |
||||||||
f | ṣāḥibī |
ṣāḥibna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ṣūḥibtu |
ṣūḥibta |
ṣūḥiba |
ṣūḥibtumā |
ṣūḥibā |
ṣūḥibnā |
ṣūḥibtum |
ṣūḥibū | |||
f | ṣūḥibti |
ṣūḥibat |
ṣūḥibatā |
ṣūḥibtunna |
ṣūḥibna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuṣāḥabu |
tuṣāḥabu |
yuṣāḥabu |
tuṣāḥabāni |
yuṣāḥabāni |
nuṣāḥabu |
tuṣāḥabūna |
yuṣāḥabūna | |||
f | tuṣāḥabīna |
tuṣāḥabu |
tuṣāḥabāni |
tuṣāḥabna |
yuṣāḥabna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuṣāḥaba |
tuṣāḥaba |
yuṣāḥaba |
tuṣāḥabā |
yuṣāḥabā |
nuṣāḥaba |
tuṣāḥabū |
yuṣāḥabū | |||
f | tuṣāḥabī |
tuṣāḥaba |
tuṣāḥabā |
tuṣāḥabna |
yuṣāḥabna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuṣāḥab |
tuṣāḥab |
yuṣāḥab |
tuṣāḥabā |
yuṣāḥabā |
nuṣāḥab |
tuṣāḥabū |
yuṣāḥabū | |||
f | tuṣāḥabī |
tuṣāḥab |
tuṣāḥabā |
tuṣāḥabna |
yuṣāḥabna |
References[edit]
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “صحب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Hijazi Arabic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
صاحِب • (ṣāḥib) m (feminine singular صاحبة (ṣāḥba), plural أصحاب (ʼaṣḥāb), feminine plural صاحبات (ṣāḥbāt))
- friend, companion
- أنا مَع صَاحْبي
- ana maʿ ṣāḥbi
- I'm with my friend
- (with a following genitive) owner, possessor, representative
Moroccan Arabic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
صاحب • (ṣāḥeb) m (plural صحاب (ṣḥāb), feminine صاحبة (ṣāḥba), diminutive صحيب (ṣḥiyyab))
Ottoman Turkish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
صاحب • (sahib)
Descendants[edit]
Persian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [sɑː.ˈhiβ], [sɑː.ˈhaβ]
- (Iran, formal/TEH) IPA(key): [sɒː.ɦéb̥], [sɒː.ɦǽb̥]
- (Tajik, formal/DUS) IPA(key): [sɔ.ɦíb], [sɔ.ɦǽb]
- Phonetic Persian:
- Traditional: [ساهِڤ] ,[ساهَڤ], Dari: [ساهِب] ,[ساهَب]
- Iranian: [ساهِب] ,[ساهَب]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | sāhiḇ, sāhaḇ |
Dari reading? | sāhib, sāhab |
Iranian reading? | sâheb, sâhab |
Tajik reading? | sohib, sohab |
Noun[edit]
Dari | صاحب |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | соҳиб |
صاحِب • (sâheb) (plural صاحبان (sâhebân) or صاحبها (sâheb-hâ))
- owner; master
- Synonym: مالک (mâlek)
- صاحب ماشین ― sâheb-e mâšin ― owner of the car
- author
- Synonym: نویسنده (nevisande)
- (Dari, India, very formal, otherwise dated) sir; mister; gentleman
- Used, either with or without the ezâfe, to form compound nouns meaning "those who possess [trait]" or "those who are distinguished by [trait]".
Descendants[edit]
- → Bengali: সাহেব (śaheb)
- → Gujarati: સાહેબ (sāheb)
- → Hindustani: sāhib, sāhab, sāhb, sāb
- → Marathi: साहेब (sāheb)
- → Punjabi: ਸਾਹਬ / صاحب (sāhab)
- → Rajasthani: सायब
- → Uzbek: sohib
Punjabi[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /säː˦bᵊ/
Noun[edit]
صاحب • (sāhab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਹਿਬ)
Proper noun[edit]
صاحب • (sāhab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਹਿਬ)
- (Sikhism) God
- Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Nanak, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 469:
- توں سچا صاحب صفت سوالیؤ جن کیتی سو پار پئیا
- tū̃ sachā sāhib sift suāliu jin kītī so pār peā
- You are the True Lord and Master; Your Praise is so beautiful. One who sings it, is carried across.
- Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Nanak, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 469:
South Levantine Arabic[edit]
Root |
---|
ص ح ب |
1 term |
Etymology 1[edit]
From Arabic صَاحَبَ (ṣāḥaba).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
صاحب • (ṣāḥab) (form III, present بصاحب (biṣāḥeb))
- to befriend
- (by extension) to become someone's boyfriend or girlfriend
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of صاحب (ṣāḥab) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | صاحبت (ṣāḥabt) | صاحبت (ṣāḥabt) | صاحب (ṣāḥab) | صاحبنا (ṣāḥabna) | صاحبتو (ṣāḥabtu) | صاحبو (ṣāḥabu) | |
f | صاحبتي (ṣāḥabti) | صاحبت (ṣāḥabat) | ||||||
present | m | بصاحب (baṣāḥeb) | بتصاحب (bitṣāḥeb) | بصاحب (biṣāḥeb) | منصاحب (minṣāḥeb) | بتصاحبو (bitṣāḥbu) | بصاحبو (biṣāḥbu) | |
f | بتصاحبي (bitṣāḥbi) | بتصاحب (bitṣāḥeb) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اصاحب (aṣāḥeb) | تصاحب (tṣāḥeb) | يصاحب (yṣāḥeb) | نصاحب (nṣāḥeb) | تصاحبو (tṣāḥbu) | يصاحبو (yṣāḥbu) | |
f | تصاحبي (tṣāḥbi) | تصاحب (tṣāḥeb) | ||||||
imperative | m | صاحب (ṣāḥeb) | صاحبو (ṣāḥbu) | |||||
f | صاحبي (ṣāḥbi) |
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
صاحب • (ṣāḥeb) m (plural أصحاب (ʔaṣḥāb) or صحاب (ṣḥāb), feminine صاحبة (ṣāḥbe))
Urdu[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Classical Persian صاحب (ṣāḥib), from Arabic صَاحِب (ṣāḥib).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /sɑː.ɦɪb/
- (Punjabic Urdu) IPA(key): /sɑːb/, /sɑː.ɦəb/
- Rhymes: -ɪb
- Hyphenation: صا‧حِب
Noun[edit]
صاحِب • (sāhib) m (feminine صاحبہ, Hindi spelling साहिब)
Further reading[edit]
- “صاحب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “صاحب”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2023.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “صاحب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
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