co-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "co"

English

Etymology

From Latin co-, allomorph of Latin con-

Pronunciation

• enPR: kōʹ, IPA^(key): /ˈkoʊ-/
• (unstressed) enPR: kŏ, IPA^(key): /kɒ/

Prefix

co-

1. together; mutually; jointly
2. partner or subordinate in an activity
3. to the same degree
4. (mathematics) of the opposite, of the counterpart; dual

   cokernel; codimension; cosine; counion; cointersection

Usage notes

• With many terms, a hyphen (-) is used in British English (e.g. co-operate), which is omitted in informal American English (e.g. cooperate). In formal American English the second vowel would be decorated with a diaeresis (coöperate), although this usage is rare and somewhat fussy.

Synonyms

• (together): con-/com-/col-/cor-, syn-/syl-/sym-, inter-

Derived terms

English words prefixed with co-

• cosemisimple
• coseparable
• cosplit
• counital

Translations

together, mutually, jointly

• Asturian: co-
• Catalan: co- (ca)
• Czech: spolu- (cs)
• Danish: sam-
• Dutch: mede-
• Esperanto: kun-
• Finnish: yhteis-
• French: co- (fr)
• Galician: co-
• German: ko- (de), mit- (de)
• Ido: kun-
• Indonesian: ko-
• Irish: comh-

• Italian: co-
• Latin: co-
• Low German:

  German Low German: met- (nds) (Münsterland), mit- (nds) (Northern Germany)

• North Frisian: mä- (Föhr)
• Persian: هم-‎ (fa)
• Polish: współ- (pl)
• Portuguese: co- (pt)
• Russian: со- (ru) (so-), ко- (ru) (ko-), взаимо- (ru) (vzaimo-)
• Spanish: co- (es)
• Swedish: ko- (sv), med- (sv)
• Tigrinya: ብሓባር- (bəḥabar-)

Anagrams

• O. C., O.C., OC, Oc, Oc.

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Catalan

Etymology

From Latin co-.

Prefix

co-

1. co- (together; jointly)

Derived terms

Catalan words prefixed with co-

Further reading

• “co-” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “co-”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2022
• “co-” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ko/, /kɔ/

• Audio

  (file)

Prefix

co-

1. co- (together; jointly)

Derived terms

French words prefixed with co-

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Italian

Prefix

co-

1. co-

Derived terms

Italian words prefixed with co-

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Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ko/, [kɔ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ko/, [ko]

Prefix

co-

1. allomorph of con-

Usage notes

Used before vowels and h, but not the consonants /j/ and /w/.

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Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish com-.

Prefix

co-

1. co-

Derived terms

Manx words prefixed with co-

Mutation

Manx mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
co-	cho-	go-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “com-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sɔ/

Prefix

co-

1. Forms adjectives and adverbs specifying how often something happens: -ly

   ‎co- + ‎dzienny → ‎codzienny (“daily”)

   ‎co- + ‎godzinny → ‎cogodzinny (“hourly”)

   ‎co- + ‎miesięczny → ‎comiesięczny (“monthly”)

   ‎co- + ‎roczny → ‎coroczny (“yearly”)

Derived terms

Polish words prefixed with co-

Further reading

• co- in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• co- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin co-.

Prefix

co-

1. co-

Usage notes

Never takes a hyphen in modern spelling.

Derived terms

Portuguese words prefixed with co-

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Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• comh-

Etymology

From Old Irish com-.

Prefix

co-

1. Usually (but not always) designates mutuality or reciprocity.

Derived terms

Scottish Gaelic words prefixed with co-

References

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “com-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Spanish

Etymology

From Latin co-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ko/, [ko]

Prefix

co-

1. co-

Derived terms

Spanish words prefixed with co-

Further reading

• “co-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014