天地

Chinese

		day; sky; heaven	earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly
trad. (天地)		天	地
simp. #(天地)		天	地

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tiāndì

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ ㄉㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ dei⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thiên-thi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thiⁿ-tōe / thiⁿ-tē / thian-tē / thian-tōe / thiⁿ-tǐ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tin¹ di⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiāndì
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄉㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tiandì
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien¹-ti⁴
    • Yale: tyān-dì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiandih
    • Palladius: тяньди (tjanʹdi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ti⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tin¹ dei⁶
    • Yale: tīn deih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ dei⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ déi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ tei̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-thi
    • Hakka Romanization System: tien^ˊ ti
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tian¹ ti⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-tōe
    • Tâi-lô: thinn-tuē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tvi'doe
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ tue³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ³³ tue⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tue²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-tē
    • Tâi-lô: thinn-tē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tvi'de
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-tē
    • Tâi-lô: thian-tē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiende
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ te³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² te²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ te⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-tōe
    • Tâi-lô: thian-tuē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiendoe
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tue³³/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-tǐ
    • Tâi-lô: thinn-tǐ
    • IPA (Longyan): /tʰĩ³³⁴ ti⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tin¹ di⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiⁿ tī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰĩ³³⁻²³ ti¹¹/

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• Middle Chinese: then dijH

Rime
Character	天	地
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	他前切	徒四切
Baxter	then	dijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰen/	/diɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰen/	/diH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛn/	/djɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛn/	/diH/
Li Rong	/tʰen/	/diH/
Wang Li	/tʰien/	/diH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰien/	/dʱiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiān	dì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tin1	dei6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n]  [l]ˤej-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰl'iːn  l'els/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	天	天	地
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiān	xiān	dì
Middle Chinese	‹ then ›	‹ xen ›	‹ dijH ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁi[n]/	/*l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-)	/*[l]ˁej-s/
English	heaven	heaven	earth, ground
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	天	地
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12387	14808
Phonetic component	天	也
Rime group	眞	歌
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	天	地
Old Chinese	/*qʰl'iːn/	/*l'els/

Noun

天地

1. (literally) sky and ground; heaven and earth

   • 天地玄黃，宇宙洪荒。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天地玄黄，宇宙洪荒。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhou Xingsi, Thousand Character Classic, circa 6^th century CE

     Tiāndì xuánhuáng, yǔzhòu hónghuāng. [Pinyin]

     Heaven and earth is dark and yellow; the universe is vast and chaotic.

2. (figurative) world; the vast earth; universe

   • 天地與我並存，而萬物與我為一。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天地与我并存，而万物与我为一。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Tiāndì yǔ wǒ bìngcún, ér wànwù yǔ wǒ wèi yī. [Pinyin]

     The universe and I came into being together; and I, and everything therein, are One.

   • 人心生一念，天地盡皆知。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     人心生一念，天地尽皆知。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE

     Rénxīn shēng yīniàn, tiāndì jìn jiēzhī. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. (figurative, literary) two opposing things; contrasting items
4. (figurative) scope; field; area; realm; sphere; range
5. (figurative, now dialectal) situation; plight; predicament

Synonyms

• (heaven and earth): 乾坤 (qiánkūn)

Derived terms

• 不共天地
• 別有天地／别有天地 (biéyǒutiāndì)
• 功均天地
• 同志天地
• 壺中天地／壶中天地
• 天地一沙鷗／天地一沙鸥
• 天地一色
• 天地不容 (tiāndìbùróng)
• 天地世間／天地世间
• 天地之別／天地之别
• 天地交泰
• 天地可表
• 天地君親師／天地君亲师 (tiān dì jūn qīn shī)
• 天地會／天地会
• 天地玄黃／天地玄黄
• 天地萬物／天地万物
• 天地精華／天地精华
• 天地良心
• 天地蓋載／天地盖载
• 天地造化
• 天地間／天地间 (tiāndìjiān)
• 天地頭／天地头
• 天地鬼神
• 小天地
• 感動天地／感动天地
• 拜天地 (bài tiāndì)
• 新天地 (xīntiāndì)
• 闖天地／闯天地
• 驚天地，泣鬼神／惊天地，泣鬼神 (jīng tiāndì, qì guǐshén)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (天地):

• → Japanese: 天(てん)地(ち) (tenchi)
• → Korean: 천지(天地) (cheonji)
• → Vietnamese: thiên địa (天地)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
天	地
てん Grade: 1	ち Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) てんち [téꜜǹchì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [tẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕi]

Noun

天(てん)地(ち) • (tenchi) 

1. heaven and earth; and all things in them.
2. (by extension) top and bottom

   天地無用(てんちむよう) (tenchimuyō)

   天地(てんち)ひっくり返(かえ)し

   tenchi hikkurikaeshi

   (please add an English translation of this example)

Synonyms

• 宇(う)宙(ちゅう) (uchū): the universe
• 自(し)然(ぜん) (shizen): nature
• 世(せ)界(かい) (sekai): the world
• 万(ばん)象(しょう) (banshō): all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature
• 万(ばん)物(ぶつ) (banbutsu): all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature

See also

• 天(てん)変(ぺん)地(ち)異(い) (tenpenchii): turmoil throughout heaven and earth

Further reading

• 天地 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja

Korean

Hanja in this term
天	地

Noun

天地 • (cheonji) (hangeul 천지)

1. hanja form^? of 천지 (“heaven and earth”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
天	地

Noun

天地

1. chữ Hán form of thiên địa (“heaven and earth”).