自然

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Chinese[edit]

 
from; self; oneself
from; self; oneself; since
 
so; thus; like this
so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (自然)
simp. #(自然)

Etymology[edit]

Attested earliest in the Tao Te Ching:

Pronunciation[edit]


Note: zìran - only when meaning "at ease".

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (15) (38)
Final () (15) (77)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter dzijH nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ziɪH/ /ȵiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ziH/ /ȵiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡zjɪH/ /ȵʑjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ziH/ /ȵian/
Li
Rong
/d͡ziH/ /ȵiɛn/
Wang
Li
/d͡ziH/ /ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/d͡zʱiH/ /ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
rán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi6 jin4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
rán
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzijH › ‹ nyen ›
Old
Chinese
/*s.[b]i[t]-s/ /*[n]a[n]/
English self (adv.) so, thus; (adv suffix)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 17879 10756
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɦljids/ /*njen/

Noun[edit]

自然

  1. nature; the natural world
    愛護自然爱护自然  ―  àihù zìrán  ―  to cherish nature
    親近自然亲近自然  ―  qīnjìn zìrán  ―  to get close to nature

Synonyms[edit]

Adjective[edit]

自然

  1. natural; of or relating to nature
    自然美麗自然美丽  ―  zìrán měilì  ―  natural beauty
  2. natural; at ease; without strain

Usage notes[edit]

To describe things literally produced by nature, use the attributive 天然 (tiānrán) instead.

Synonyms[edit]

Adverb[edit]

自然

  1. naturally; in a natural manner
  2. naturally; of course; as a matter of course

Synonyms[edit]

Conjunction[edit]

自然

  1. admittedly

Derived terms[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
ぜん
Grade: 4
kan’on

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

()(ぜん) (shizen-na (adnominal ()(ぜん) (shizen na), adverbial ()(ぜん) (shizen ni))

  1. natural
  2. spontaneous

Inflection[edit]

Adverb[edit]

()(ぜん) (shizen

  1. naturally
  2. spontaneously
  3. rarely
  4. coincidentally

Noun[edit]

()(ぜん) (shizen

  1. nature
    • 2016 April 23, “(じゅう)(りょく)(へん)(よう)”, in エルドラージ覚醒 [Eldrazi Awakening], Wizards of the Coast:
      エルドラージは()()めると、ゼンディカーの()(ぜん)(せい)(りょく)(すべ)てに(たい)して(おのれ)()(はい)(ひたた)()らしめようとした。
      Erudorāji wa mezameru to, Zendikā no shizen no seiryoku subete ni taishite onore no shihai o hitatabi shirashimeyō to shita.
      As they awakened, the Eldrazi reasserted their mastery over all of Zendikar’s natural forces.
  2. spontaneity

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean[edit]

Hanja in this term

Noun[edit]

自然 (jayeon) (hangeul 자연)

  1. Hanja form? of 자연 (nature).

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji in this term
Grade: 2 Grade: 4

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Japanese 自然 (shizen).

Noun[edit]

自然(しじん) (shijin

  1. nature

Vietnamese[edit]

chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun[edit]

自然

  1. chữ Hán form of tự nhiên (nature).

Adjective[edit]

自然

  1. chữ Hán form of tự nhiên (natural).

Adverb[edit]

自然

  1. chữ Hán form of tự nhiên (naturally).