延

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延 U+5EF6, 延
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EF6
← 廵
[U+5EF5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 廷 →
[U+5EF7]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Japanese
and
traditional Chinese

(In mainland China,
strokes 4 and 5
merge
into a single L-shaped stroke;
also,
stroke 7
becomes
a continuation
of stroke 6.)

Han character[edit]

延 (Kangxi radical 54, 廴+5 in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 廴+4 in simplified Chinese, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 6 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 弓大竹卜一 (NKHYM) or 弓大竹卜女 (NKHYV), four-corner 12401, composition ⿺廴⿳丿⺊𠃊(GK) or ⿺廴⿱丿止(HTJ) or ⿺廴⿳一⺊𠃊(V) or ⿺廴⿱⿰丅一𠃊(V)) (Note: The Simplified Chinese version of the component 𠂛 is referred to as 延字心 (yánzìxīn) in Mandarin.)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 352, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9569
  • Dae Jaweon: page 666, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 404, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5EF6

Chinese[edit]

trad. 延
simp. # 延
2nd round simp. 𨒂
alternative forms 𨒌
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Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (延) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唌 *l'aːn
誕 *l'aːnʔ
蜑 *l'aːnʔ
蛋 *l'aːns
硟 *slan, *l̥ʰjans
涎 *ljan, *lans
脠 *l̥ʰan, *hljan
梴 *l̥ʰan
鋋 *ɦljan, *lan
埏 *hljan, *lan
挻 *hljan
鯅 *hljan
延 *lan, *lans
筵 *lan
蜒 *lan
狿 *lan, *lans
郔 *lan
綖 *lan
莚 *lan, *lans

Originally 㢟, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 彳 (“walking”) + 止 (“foot”) – "to travel far". The stroke at the top started being added as a distinguishing mark at the end of the Warring States period, as a way to distinguish its usage from 㢟 as an adverb to mean "prolonged", making it an Ideogram (指事).[1][2][3]

Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lan, *lans): phonetic 丿 (OC *pʰleːd, *leds) + semantic 㢟.

  1. ^ 季旭昇，2004《說文新證》，台北：藝文印書館印行，2014年9月第二版。p.137-138
  2. ^ 李學勤) (2012) 《字源》, Tianjin: 天津古籍出版社。p.142-143
  3. ^ 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database) - 字頭 「延」

Etymology[edit]

Within Chinese, cognate with 筵 (OC *lan, “bamboo mat”), 梴 (OC *l̥ʰan, “long (of wood)”) and 誕 (OC *l'aːnʔ, “wide; ludicrous”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Burmese လှန်း (hlan:, “to dry (things) in the sun”). Probably unrelated to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *jaːr (“spread; extend; sail”), whence Tibetan གཡོར་མོ (g.yor mo, “sail”), Mizo zâr (“to spread; to spread out”), Jingpho yàn (“spread; unrolled”).

Pan (1987) suggests Vietnamese lan (“to spread”) is borrowed from Old Chinese 延 (OC *lan, *lans).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chhiân - vernacular;
  • iân - literary.
Note:
  • iang6 - Shantou;
  • iêng6 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 延 延
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 以 (36) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 仙 (77) 仙 (77)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) III III
    Fanqie 以然切 于線切
    Baxter yen yenH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jiᴇn/ /jiᴇnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jiɛn/ /jiɛnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/jæn/ /jænH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/jian/ /jianH/
    Li
    Rong         		/iɛn/ /iɛnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭɛn/ /jĭɛnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯ɛn/ /i̯ɛnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yán yàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jin4 jin6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 延
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ yen ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*la[n]/
    English extend

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 延 延
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 14256 14267
    Phonetic
    component         		延 延
    Rime
    group         		元 元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		延
    Old
    Chinese         		/*lan/ /*lans/

    Definitions[edit]

    延

    1. to prolong
    2. to stretch; to extend
    3. to engage; to send for
    4. to delay; to postpone; to defer

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 延
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2][3][4]
    延󠄂
    延+&#xE0102;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    延󠄅
    延+&#xE0105;?
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    延

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    延
    えん
    Grade: 6
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 延 (MC yen).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    延(えん) • (en) 

    1. extend, lengthen
    2. prolong
    3. postpone

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “延”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2023
    2. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “延”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”)‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 798 (paper), page 449 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    4. ^ 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 506 (paper), page 266 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    延 (eumhun 늘일 연 (neuril yeon))

    1. Hanja form? of 연 (“to stretch; to extend; to lengthen”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    延: Hán Nôm readings: diên

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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