naga

See also: Appendix:Variations of "naga"

Languages (28)

English

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Balinese • Cebuano • Central Bikol • Dutch • Iban • Icelandic • Indonesian • Italian • Javanese • Laboya • Latvian • Lower Sorbian • Maia • Malay • Maranao • Murui Huitoto • Mwotlap • Northern Kurdish • Northern Sotho • Old Javanese • Polish • Portuguese • Swahili • Tagalog • Tetum • Tooro • Yakan

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Page categories

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɑːɡə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːɡə
• Hyphenation: na‧ga

Etymology 1

From an Australian Aboriginal language; cf. Wulna nākā (“dress, covering”)

Noun

naga (plural nagas)

1. (Australia) A loincloth.
   • 1926 October 30, The Sydney Morning Herald:

     Boys and many of the men wear the naga, akin to bathing trunks […]

   • 1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter II, in Capricornia, page 22:

     […] a young lubra wearing nothing but a naga of paper-bark rose and came forward shyly.

   • 2006, Message Stick, ABC1, Friday, 30 June, 2006

     PAUL RUNDLE: Backstage, they were just asking us, "Where are you from," and all that. And they were touching us and all that there, and I was just there with my little naga and, yeah. And plus we had no ochre, so we had to use sunscreen.

   • 2008, Derrick Tomlinson, "Too white to be regarded as Aborigines: An historical analysis of policies for the protection of Aborigines and the assimilation of Aborigines of mixed descent, and the role of Chief Protectors of Aborigines in the formulation and implementation of those policies, in Western Australia from 1898 to 1940" (Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)). University of Notre Dame Australia.

     They doesn’t dress like people doing the Law this time, walking in shirt and tie, they used to have naga and really truly paint up, real tribal way, you know?

Etymology 2

Mucalinda nāga sheltering Buddha; Sandstone with traces of pigment and gold, Honolulu Academy of Arts

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāga, “serpent, snake”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“naked”) and cognate with naked.

Alternative forms

• nāga, Nāga

Noun

naga (plural nagas)

1. (Indian mythology) A member of a class of semi-divine creatures, often taking the form of a very large snake and associated with water.
   • 1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 257:

     The five-coned towers form a quincunx, and their flanks are scooped into niches in each of which has been placed a smiling buddha shaded by a nine-headed naga like a big palm fan.

2. (furry fandom) A fictional creature with the lower body of a snake, and an upper body either of an anthropomorphic version thereof, or of a human or another humanoid creature. The serpentine equivalent of a taur.

Translations

a semi-divine mythological creature in the form of a snake

• Assamese: please add this translation if you can
• Balinese: naga
• Burmese: နဂါး (my) (na.ga:)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 那伽 (zh) (nàgā), 龍 / 龙 (zh) (lóng)

• French: nâga (fr) m
• Greek: νάγκα (nágka)
• Gujarati: નાગ m (nāg)
• Hindi: नाग (hi) m (nāg)
• Indonesian: naga (id)
• Japanese: ナーガ (nāga), 竜 (ja) (ryū)
• Javanese: ꦤꦒ (jv) (naga)

  Old Javanese: nāga

• Kalmyk: лус (lus), луусин хан (luusin xan)
• Khmer: នាគ (km) (niək)
• Korean: 나가 (naga), 용 (ko) (yong)
• Lao: ນາກ (nāk)
• Lü: ᦓᦱᧅ (naak)
• Marathi: नाग (nāg)
• Mon: နာ် (mnw)
• Mongolian: лус (mn) (lus)
• Naga Pidgin: please add this translation if you can
• Nepali: नाग (ne) (nāg)
• Portuguese: naga (pt) f
• Russian: нага (ru) f (naga)
• Sanskrit: नाग (sa) m (nāga)
• Shan: ၼၵႃး (shn) (nǎ káa)
• Sikkimese: ཀླུ (klu)
• Tamil: நாக (nāka)
• Telugu: నాగ (te) (nāga)
• Thai: นาค (th) (nâak), พญานาค

  Northern Thai: please add this translation if you can

• Tibetan: ཀླུ (klu)
• Urdu: ناگ m (nāg)
• Vietnamese: naga
• Zhuang: please add this translation if you can

Anagrams

• Agan, GNAA

Balinese

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Javanese nāga, from Sanskrit नाग (nāga, “naga”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“naked”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na.ɡə/
• Rhymes: -aɡə
• Hyphenation: na‧ga

Noun

naga (Balinese script ᬦᬵᬕ)

1. naga

Further reading

• “naga”, in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: na‧ga
• IPA^(key): /ˈnaɡa/ [ˈn̪a.ɡɐ]

Noun

naga (plural kanagahan)

1. the narra tree (Pterocarpus indicus)
2. the wood from this tree

Synonyms

• nara

Central Bikol

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋaRaq

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naˈɡaʔ/ [n̪aˈɡaʔ]
• Hyphenation: na‧ga

Noun

nagâ (Basahan spelling ᜈᜄ)

1. wild duck

See also

• itik
• pato

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnaɡa/ [ˈn̪a.ɡa]
• Hyphenation: na‧ga

Noun

nága (Basahan spelling ᜈᜄ)

1. (archaic) the narra tree (Pterocarpus indicus)

   Synonym: nara

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

naga

1. inflection of nagaan:
   1. first-person singular dependent-clause present indicative
   2. (dated or formal) singular dependent-clause present subjunctive

Anagrams

• gaan, ga na

Iban

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “large snake”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naɡa/

Noun

naga

1. dragon (mythical creature)

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnaːɣa/
• Rhymes: -aːɣa

Verb

naga (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative nagaði, supine nagað)

1. to gnaw [with accusative]

Conjugation

naga – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að naga
supine sagnbót		nagað
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		nagandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	naga	nagaði		nagi	nagaði
	þú	nagar	nagaðir		nagir	nagaðir
	hann, hún, það	nagar	nagaði		nagi	nagaði
plural	við	nögum	nöguðum		nögum	nöguðum
	þið	nagið	nöguðuð		nagið	nöguðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	naga	nöguðu		nagi	nöguðu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	naga (þú), nagaðu
plural	þið	nagið (þið), nagiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

nagast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að nagast
supine sagnbót		nagast
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		nagandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	nagast	nagaðist		nagist	nagaðist
	þú	nagast	nagaðist		nagist	nagaðist
	hann, hún, það	nagast	nagaðist		nagist	nagaðist
plural	við	nögumst	nöguðumst		nögumst	nöguðumst
	þið	nagist	nöguðust		nagist	nöguðust
	þeir, þær, þau	nagast	nöguðust		nagist	nöguðust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	nagast (þú), nagastu
plural	þið	nagist (þið), nagisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

nagaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	nagaður	nöguð	nagað	nagaðir	nagaðar	nöguð
accusative (þolfall)	nagaðan	nagaða	nagað	nagaða	nagaðar	nöguð
dative (þágufall)	nöguðum	nagaðri	nöguðu	nöguðum	nöguðum	nöguðum
genitive (eignarfall)	nagaðs	nagaðrar	nagaðs	nagaðra	nagaðra	nagaðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	nagaði	nagaða	nagaða	nöguðu	nöguðu	nöguðu
accusative (þolfall)	nagaða	nöguðu	nagaða	nöguðu	nöguðu	nöguðu
dative (þágufall)	nagaða	nöguðu	nagaða	nöguðu	nöguðu	nöguðu
genitive (eignarfall)	nagaða	nöguðu	nagaða	nöguðu	nöguðu	nöguðu

Derived terms

• naga sig í handarbökin

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈna.ɡa/, [ˈna.ɡa]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɡa, -a
• Hyphenation: na‧ga

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay naga, from Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “large snake”).

Noun

naga (plural naga-naga)

1. (literal) naga: a member of a class of semi-divine creatures, often taking the form of a very large snake and associated with water
2. dragon
   2. A legendary serpentine or reptilian creature. (mythical creature)
      1. In European mythologies, a gigantic beast, typically reptilian with leathery bat-like wings, lion-like claws, scaly skin and a serpent-like body, often a monster with fiery breath.
      2. In Eastern Asian mythologies, a large, snake-like monster with the eyes of a hare, the horns of a stag and the claws of a tiger, usually beneficent.
   3. An animal of various species that resemble a dragon in appearance.
   4. The (historical) Chinese empire or the People's Republic of China.
   5. (figurative) Something very formidable or dangerous.
3. (figurative) a term referring to a group of influential Chinese businessmen in Indonesia, especially those with close ties to the New Order government, and often associated with great economic and political power, although the group's membership has never been officially confirmed

Synonyms

• sekuik

Derived terms

• naga-naga

• naga animatronik
• naga bura
• naga gentala
• naga hari
• naga kecil
• naga morsarang
• naga sekuik
• naga tahun

Etymology 2

Unknown (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

naga (plural naga-naga)

1. birthmark (black marks on the body since birth and have an influence on a person's life path)

Descendants

• → Tetum: naga

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Balinese [Term?].

Noun

naga (plural naga-naga)

1. (dialect: Bali) calculation of the number of good rafters for doors

Further reading

• “naga”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāga, “snake”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“naked”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈna.ɡa/
• Rhymes: -aɡa
• Hyphenation: nà‧ga

Noun

naga m (invariable)

1. (Buddhist art) a representation of a human torso with a serpentine body

Further reading

• naga in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Javanese

Romanization

naga

1. romanization of ꦤꦒ

Laboya

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnaːɡa]

Noun

naga

1. jackfruit

References

• Allahverdi Verdizade (2019), “naga”, in Lamboya word list‎^[1], Leiden: LexiRumah

Latvian

Noun

naga m

1. genitive singular of nags

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnaɡa/

Adjective

naga

1. feminine nominative singular of nagi

Maia

Noun

naga

1. part; piece

Malay

Naga cina ("Chinese dragon")

Naga Barat ("Western dragon")

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “large snake”).

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /naɡə/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /naɡa/
• Rhymes: -aɡə, -ɡə, -ə
• Rhymes: -a

Noun

naga (Jawi spelling ناݢ, plural naga-naga or naga²)

1. dragon (mythical creature)

Further reading

• "naga" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Maranao

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “large snake”).

Noun

naga

1. dragon

References

• Howard P. McKaughan, Batua A. Macaraya (1967), A Maranao Dictionary‎^[2] (overall work in Maranao and English), University of Hawaii Press

Murui Huitoto

Etymology

Cognates include Minica Huitoto naga and Nüpode Huitoto naga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnaɡa]
• Hyphenation: na‧ga

Determiner

naga

1. each, every

References

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017), A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[3], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 154
• Shirley Burtch (1983), Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎^[4] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 184

Mwotlap

Etymology

From na- +‎ ga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /naɣa/

Noun

naga

1. Determinate form of ga (“kava”)

References

• François, Alexandre. 2026. Online Mwotlap–English–French cultural dictionary. Electronic files. Paris: CNRS (Pdf version). – entry ga.

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nɑːˈɡɑː/

Adverb

naga (Arabic spelling ناگا)

1. alternative form of niha (“now”)

References

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “naga”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 2), volume 2, London: Transnational Press, page 52

Northern Sotho

Noun

naga

1. land, country

Old Javanese

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नग (naga, “mountain”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na.ɡa/
• Rhymes: -ɡa
• Homophone: nāga
• Hyphenation: na‧ga

Noun

naga

1. mountain

   Synonyms: acala, adri, arga, giri, gotra, gunuṅ, meru, naga, pārśwa, parwata, śaila, śikha, wukir

Further reading

• "naga" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈna.ɡa/
• Rhymes: -aɡa
• Syllabification: na‧ga

Adjective

naga

1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of nagi

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈna.ɡɐ/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈna.ɡɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈna.ɡa/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈna.ɡɐ/ [ˈna.ɣɐ]

• Hyphenation: na‧ga

Noun

naga f (plural nagas)

1. (Indian mythology) naga (semi-divine creature taking the form of a giant snake)

Related terms

• naja

Further reading

• “naga”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026

Swahili

Noun

naga class IX (plural naga class X)

1. rugby

   Synonym: gori

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “large snake”). Compare Kapampangan naga, Maranao naga, and Malay naga.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈnaɡa/ [ˈn̪aː.ɣɐ]
    • Rhymes: -aɡa
  • IPA^(key): /ˈnaɡaʔ/ [ˈn̪aː.ɣɐʔ] (obsolete)
• Syllabification: na‧ga

Noun

naga (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜄ)

1. dragon

   Synonym: dragon

2. figurehead on the prow of ships

   Synonym: gandawari

Derived terms

• nagaan

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *naʀah. Doublet of nara.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈnaɡa/ [ˈn̪aː.ɣɐ]
• Rhymes: -aɡa
• Syllabification: na‧ga

Noun

naga (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜄ)

1. a species of narra

Further reading

• “naga”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de; Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860), Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves, y coordinado por…, ultimamente aumentado y corregido por varios religiosos de la Orden de Agustinos calzados.‎^[5] (overall work in Spanish and Classical Tagalog), Manila: Ramírez y Giraudier.
• Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835), Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala, primera y segunda parte. En la primera, se pone primero el Castellano, y despues el Tagalo. Y en la segunda al contrario, que son las raíces simples con sus acentos.‎^[6] (overall work in Spanish and Classical Tagalog), Manila: La Imprenta nueva de D. José María Dayot, por Tomás Oliva.
• San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613), Vocabulario de lengua tagala. El romance castellano puesto primero. Primera, y segunda parte.‎^[7] (overall work in Early Modern Spanish and Classical Tagalog), as directed by Gov. Gen. Juan de Silva, Pila, Laguna: La noble Villa de Pila, por Tomás Pinpin y Domingo Loag., page 129: “Cabeça) Naga (pp) de ſierpe en [la proa] del navio”

Anagrams

• anga, gana, gaan

Tetum

Etymology

Borrowed from Indonesian naga (“birthmark”).

Noun

naga

1. birthmark

Further reading

• Catharina Williams-van Klinken (2023), GLOSARIU termu saude ho mediku (Tetun/Ingles) [Tetun/English glossary of health and medical terms] (in Tetum), Dili: Dili Institute of Technology

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Common Bantu *-nága.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /náɡa/

Verb

-naga (infinitive okunaga) (transitive)

1. to throw (nearby)

   Near-synonym: -hungura

Conjugation

Conjugation of -naga

infinitives affirmative okunaga negative okutanaga imperatives affirmative naga negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms) tense polarity basic forms relative forms1 present habitual affirmative subject concord + -naga person noun class singular plural first person nnaga tunaga second person onaga munaga third person 1/2 anaga banaga 3/4 gunaga enaga 5/6 linaga ganaga 7/8 kinaga binaga 9/10 enaga zinaga 11/10 runaga 12/14 kanaga bunaga 13 — tunaga 14/6 bunaga ganaga 15/6 kunaga 16 hanaga — negative ti- + subject concord + -naga person noun class singular plural first person tinnaga titunaga second person tonaga timunaga third person 1/2 tanaga tibanaga 3/4 tigunaga tenaga 5/6 tirinaga tiganaga 7/8 tikinaga tibinaga 9/10 tenaga tizinaga 11/10 tirunaga 12/14 tikanaga tibunaga 13 — titunaga 14/6 tibunaga tiganaga 15/6 tikunaga 16 tihanaga — subject concord + -tanaga present continuous affirmative ni- + subject concord + -naga person noun class singular plural first person ninnaga nitunaga second person noonaga nimunaga third person 1/2 naanaga nibanaga 3/4 nigunaga neenaga 5/6 nirinaga niganaga 7/8 nikinaga nibinaga 9/10 neenaga nizinaga 11/10 nirunaga 12/14 nikanaga nibunaga 13 — nitunaga 14/6 nibunaga niganaga 15/6 nikunaga 16 nihanaga — subject concord + -rukunaga negative ti- + subject concord + -rukunaga person noun class singular plural first person tindukunaga titurukunaga second person torukunaga timurukunaga third person 1/2 tarukunaga tibarukunaga 3/4 tigurukunaga terukunaga 5/6 tirirukunaga tigarukunaga 7/8 tikirukunaga tibirukunaga 9/10 terukunaga tizirukunaga 11/10 tirurukunaga 12/14 tikarukunaga tiburukunaga 13 — titurukunaga 14/6 tiburukunaga tigarukunaga 15/6 tikurukunaga 16 tiharukunaga — subject concord + -tarukunaga present continuative affirmative ni- + subject concord + -kyanaga person noun class singular plural first person ninkyanaga nitukyanaga second person nookyanaga nimukyanaga third person 1/2 naakyanaga nibakyanaga 3/4 nigukyanaga neekyanaga 5/6 nirikyanaga nigakyanaga 7/8 nikikyanaga nibikyanaga 9/10 neekyanaga nizikyanaga 11/10 nirukyanaga 12/14 nikakyanaga nibukyanaga 13 — nitukyanaga 14/6 nibukyanaga nigakyanaga 15/6 nikukyanaga 16 nihakyanaga — subject concord + -rukukyanaga negative ti- + subject concord + -kyanaga person noun class singular plural first person tinkyanaga titukyanaga second person tokyanaga timukyanaga third person 1/2 takyanaga tibakyanaga 3/4 tigukyanaga tekyanaga 5/6 tirikyanaga tigakyanaga 7/8 tikikyanaga tibikyanaga 9/10 tekyanaga tizikyanaga 11/10 tirukyanaga 12/14 tikakyanaga tibukyanaga 13 — titukyanaga 14/6 tibukyanaga tigakyanaga 15/6 tikukyanaga 16 tihakyanaga — subject concord + -takyanaga virtual present affirmative subject concord + -anaga person noun class singular plural first person nanaga twanaga second person wanaga mwanaga third person 1/2 yanaga baanaga 3/4 gwanaga yanaga 5/6 lyanaga gaanaga 7/8 kyanaga byanaga 9/10 yanaga zaanaga 11/10 rwanaga 12/14 kaanaga bwanaga 13 — twanaga 14/6 bwanaga gaanaga 15/6 kwanaga 16 haanaga — negative ti- + subject concord + anaga person noun class singular plural first person tinanaga titwanaga second person tiwanaga timwanaga third person 1/2 tiyanaga tibaanaga 3/4 tigwanaga tiyanaga 5/6 tiryanaga tigaanaga 7/8 tikyanaga tibyanaga 9/10 tiyanaga tizaanaga 11/10 tirwanaga 12/14 tikaanaga tibwanaga 13 — titwanaga 14/6 tibwanaga tigaanaga 15/6 tikwanaga 16 tihaanaga — subject concord + -taanaga present perfect affirmative subject concord + -nagire person noun class singular plural first person nnagire tunagire second person onagire munagire third person 1/2 anagire banagire 3/4 gunagire enagire 5/6 linagire ganagire 7/8 kinagire binagire 9/10 enagire zinagire 11/10 runagire 12/14 kanagire bunagire 13 — tunagire 14/6 bunagire ganagire 15/6 kunagire 16 hanagire — negative ti- + subject concord + -nagire person noun class singular plural first person tinnagire titunagire second person tonagire timunagire third person 1/2 tanagire tibanagire 3/4 tigunagire tenagire 5/6 tirinagire tiganagire 7/8 tikinagire tibinagire 9/10 tenagire tizinagire 11/10 tirunagire 12/14 tikanagire tibunagire 13 — titunagire 14/6 tibunagire tiganagire 15/6 tikunagire 16 tihanagire — subject concord + -tanagire near perfective affirmative subject concord + -akanaga person noun class singular plural first person nakanaga twakanaga second person wakanaga mwakanaga third person 1/2 yakanaga baakanaga 3/4 gwakanaga yakanaga 5/6 lyakanaga gaakanaga 7/8 kyakanaga byakanaga 9/10 yakanaga zaakanaga 11/10 rwakanaga 12/14 kaakanaga bwakanaga 13 — twakanaga 14/6 bwakanaga gaakanaga 15/6 kwakanaga 16 haakanaga — negative ti- + subject concord + -kanagire person noun class singular plural first person tinkanagire titukanagire second person tokanagire timukanagire third person 1/2 takanagire tibakanagire 3/4 tigukanagire tekanagire 5/6 tirikanagire tigakanagire 7/8 tikikanagire tibikanagire 9/10 tekanagire tizikanagire 11/10 tirukanagire 12/14 tikakanagire tibukanagire 13 — titukanagire 14/6 tibukanagire tigakanagire 15/6 tikukanagire 16 tihakanagire — subject concord + -takanagire near past affirmative subject concord + -nagirege person noun class singular plural first person nnagirege tunagirege second person onagirege munagirege third person 1/2 anagirege banagirege 3/4 gunagirege enagirege 5/6 linagirege ganagirege 7/8 kinagirege binagirege 9/10 enagirege zinagirege 11/10 runagirege 12/14 kanagirege bunagirege 13 — tunagirege 14/6 bunagirege ganagirege 15/6 kunagirege 16 hanagirege — negative ti- + subject concord + -nagirege person noun class singular plural first person tinnagirege titunagirege second person tonagirege timunagirege third person 1/2 tanagirege tibanagirege 3/4 tigunagirege tenagirege 5/6 tirinagirege tiganagirege 7/8 tikinagirege tibinagirege 9/10 tenagirege tizinagirege 11/10 tirunagirege 12/14 tikanagirege tibunagirege 13 — titunagirege 14/6 tibunagirege tiganagirege 15/6 tikunagirege 16 tihanagirege — subject concord + -tanagirege remote past affirmative subject concord + -kanaga person noun class singular plural first person nkanaga tukanaga second person okanaga mukanaga third person 1/2 akanaga bakanaga 3/4 gukanaga ekanaga 5/6 likanaga gakanaga 7/8 kikanaga bikanaga 9/10 ekanaga zikanaga 11/10 rukanaga 12/14 kakanaga bukanaga 13 — tukanaga 14/6 bukanaga gakanaga 15/6 kukanaga 16 hakanaga — subject concord + -anagire negative subject concord + -tanage person noun class singular plural first person ntanage tutanage second person otanage mutanage third person 1/2 atanage batanage 3/4 gutanage etanage 5/6 litanage gatanage 7/8 kitanage bitanage 9/10 etanage ziitanage 11/10 rutanage 12/14 katanage butanage 13 — tutanage 14/6 butanage gatanage 15/6 kutanage 16 hatanage — subject concord + -taranagire experiential perfective affirmative subject concord + -ranagire person noun class singular plural first person ndanagire turanagire second person oranagire muranagire third person 1/2 aranagire baranagire 3/4 guranagire eranagire 5/6 liranagire garanagire 7/8 kiranagire biranagire 9/10 eranagire ziranagire 11/10 ruranagire 12/14 karanagire buranagire 13 — turanagire 14/6 buranagire garanagire 15/6 kuranagire 16 haranagire — negative ti- + subject concord + -kanagaga person noun class singular plural first person tinkanagaga titukanagaga second person tokanagaga timukanagaga third person 1/2 takanagaga tibakanagaga 3/4 tigukanagaga tekanagaga 5/6 tirikanagaga tigakanagaga 7/8 tikikanagaga tibikanagaga 9/10 tekanagaga tizikanagaga 11/10 tirukanagaga 12/14 tikakanagaga tibukanagaga 13 — titukanagaga 14/6 tibukanagaga tigakanagaga 15/6 tikukanagaga 16 tihakanagaga — subject concord + -takanagaga cessative perfective affirmative subject concord + -aanagire person noun class singular plural first person naanagire twanagire second person waanagire mwanagire third person 1/2 yaanagire baanagire 3/4 gwanagire yaanagire 5/6 lyanagire gaanagire 7/8 kyanagire byanagire 9/10 yaanagire zaanagire 11/10 rwanagire 12/14 kaanagire bwanagire 13 — twanagire 14/6 bwanagire gaanagire 15/6 kwanagire 16 haanagire — past habitual affirmative subject concord + -anagaga person noun class singular plural first person nanagaga twanagaga second person wanagaga mwanagaga third person 1/2 yanagaga baanagaga 3/4 gwanagaga yanagaga 5/6 lyanagaga gaanagaga 7/8 kyanagaga byanagaga 9/10 yanagaga zaanagaga 11/10 rwanagaga 12/14 kaanagaga bwanagaga 13 — twanagaga 14/6 bwanagaga gaanagaga 15/6 kwanagaga 16 haanagaga — negative ti- + subject concord + anagaga person noun class singular plural first person tinanagaga titwanagaga second person tiwanagaga timwanagaga third person 1/2 tiyanagaga tibaanagaga 3/4 tigwanagaga tiyanagaga 5/6 tiryanagaga tigaanagaga 7/8 tikyanagaga tibyanagaga 9/10 tiyanagaga tizaanagaga 11/10 tirwanagaga 12/14 tikaanagaga tibwanagaga 13 — titwanagaga 14/6 tibwanagaga tigaanagaga 15/6 tikwanagaga 16 tihaanagaga — subject concord + -taanagaga near future affirmative subject concord + -raanaga person noun class singular plural first person ndaanaga turaanaga second person oraanaga muraanaga third person 1/2 araanaga baraanaga 3/4 guraanaga eraanaga 5/6 liraanaga garaanaga 7/8 kiraanaga biraanaga 9/10 eraanaga ziraanaga 11/10 ruraanaga 12/14 karaanaga buraanaga 13 — turaanaga 14/6 buraanaga garaanaga 15/6 kuraanaga 16 haraanaga — negative ti- + subject concord + -aanage person noun class singular plural first person tinaanage titwanage second person tiwaanage timwanage third person 1/2 tiyaanage tibaanage 3/4 tigwanage tiyaanage 5/6 tiryanage tigaanage 7/8 tikyanage tibyanage 9/10 tiyaanage tizaanage 11/10 tirwanage 12/14 tikaanage tibwanage 13 — titwanage 14/6 tibwanage tigaanage 15/6 tikwanage 16 tihaanage — subject concord + -taanage remote future affirmative subject concord + -linaga person noun class singular plural first person ndinaga tulinaga second person olinaga mulinaga third person 1/2 alinaga balinaga 3/4 gulinaga erinaga 5/6 lirinaga galinaga 7/8 kirinaga birinaga 9/10 erinaga zirinaga 11/10 rulinaga 12/14 kalinaga bulinaga 13 — tulinaga 14/6 bulinaga galinaga 15/6 kulinaga 16 halinaga — negative ti- + subject concord + -linaga person noun class singular plural first person tindinaga titulinaga second person tolinaga timulinaga third person 1/2 talinaga tibalinaga 3/4 tigulinaga terinaga 5/6 tiririnaga tigalinaga 7/8 tikirinaga tibirinaga 9/10 terinaga tizirinaga 11/10 tirulinaga 12/14 tikalinaga tibulinaga 13 — titulinaga 14/6 tibulinaga tigalinaga 15/6 tikulinaga 16 tihalinaga — subject concord + -talinaga future habitual affirmative subject concord + -raanagaga person noun class singular plural first person ndaanagaga turaanagaga second person oraanagaga muraanagaga third person 1/2 araanagaga baraanagaga 3/4 guraanagaga eraanagaga 5/6 liraanagaga garaanagaga 7/8 kiraanagaga biraanagaga 9/10 eraanagaga ziraanagaga 11/10 ruraanagaga 12/14 karaanagaga buraanagaga 13 — turaanagaga 14/6 buraanagaga garaanagaga 15/6 kuraanagaga 16 haraanagaga — negative ti- + subject concord + -aanagege person noun class singular plural first person tinaanagege titwanagege second person tiwaanagege timwanagege third person 1/2 tiyaanagege tibaanagege 3/4 tigwanagege tiyaanagege 5/6 tiryanagege tigaanagege 7/8 tikyanagege tibyanagege 9/10 tiyaanagege tizaanagege 11/10 tirwanagege 12/14 tikaanagege tibwanagege 13 — titwanagege 14/6 tibwanagege tigaanagege 15/6 tikwanagege 16 tihaanagege — subject concord + -taanagege subjunctive affirmative subject concord + nage person noun class singular plural first person nnage tunage second person onage munage third person 1/2 anage banage 3/4 gunage enage 5/6 linage ganage 7/8 kinage binage 9/10 enage zinage 11/10 runage 12/14 kanage bunage 13 — tunage 14/6 bunage ganage 15/6 kunage 16 hanage — negative subject concord + -tanaga person noun class singular plural first person ntanaga tutanaga second person otanaga mutanaga third person 1/2 atanaga batanaga 3/4 gutanaga etanaga 5/6 litanaga gatanaga 7/8 kitanaga bitanaga 9/10 etanaga zitanaga 11/10 rutanaga 12/14 katanaga butanaga 13 — tutanaga 14/6 butanaga gatanaga 15/6 kutanaga 16 hatanaga — — subjunctive habitual affirmative subject concord + nagege person noun class singular plural first person nnagege tunagege second person onagege munagege third person 1/2 anagege banagege 3/4 gunagege enagege 5/6 linagege ganagege 7/8 kinagege binagege 9/10 enagege zinagege 11/10 runagege 12/14 kanagege bunagege 13 — tunagege 14/6 bunagege ganagege 15/6 kunagege 16 hanagege — hypothetical affirmative subject concord + -aakunaga person noun class singular plural first person naakunaga twakunaga second person waakunaga mwakunaga third person 1/2 yaakunaga baakunaga 3/4 gwakunaga yaakunaga 5/6 lyakunaga gaakunaga 7/8 kyakunaga byakunaga 9/10 yaakunaga zaakunaga 11/10 rwakunaga 12/14 kaakunaga bwakunaga 13 — twakunaga 14/6 bwakunaga gaakunaga 15/6 kwakunaga 16 haakunaga — negative ti- + subject concord + -aakunaga person noun class singular plural first person tinaakunaga titwakunaga second person tiwaakunaga timwakunaga third person 1/2 tiyaakunaga tibaakunaga 3/4 tigwakunaga tiyaakunaga 5/6 tiryakunaga tigaakunaga 7/8 tikyakunaga tibyakunaga 9/10 tiyaakunaga tizaakunaga 11/10 tirwakunaga 12/14 tikaakunaga tibwakunaga 13 — titwakunaga 14/6 tibwakunaga tigaakunaga 15/6 tikwakunaga 16 tihaakunaga — subject concord + -taakunaga conditional affirmative subject concord + -aakunagire person noun class singular plural first person naakunagire twakunagire second person waakunagire mwakunagire third person 1/2 yaakunagire baakunagire 3/4 gwakunagire yaakunagire 5/6 lyakunagire gaakunagire 7/8 kyakunagire byakunagire 9/10 yaakunagire zaakunagire 11/10 rwakunagire 12/14 kaakunagire bwakunagire 13 — twakunagire 14/6 bwakunagire gaakunagire 15/6 kwakunagire 16 haakunagire — negative ti- + subject concord + -aakunagire person noun class singular plural first person tinaakunagire titwakunagire second person tiwaakunagire timwakunagire third person 1/2 tiyaakunagire tibaakunagire 3/4 tigwakunagire tiyaakunagire 5/6 tiryakunagire tigaakunagire 7/8 tikyakunagire tibyakunagire 9/10 tiyaakunagire tizaakunagire 11/10 tirwakunagire 12/14 tikaakunagire tibwakunagire 13 — titwakunagire 14/6 tibwakunagire tigaakunagire 15/6 tikwakunagire 16 tihaakunagire — subject concord + -taakunagire object concords person noun class singular plural first person -nnaga -tunaga second person -kunaga -banaga third person 1/2 -munaga 3/4 -gunaga -ginaga 5/6 -linaga -ganaga 7/8 -kinaga -binaga 9/10 -ginaga -zinaga 11/10 -runaga 12/14 -kanaga -bunaga 13 — -tunaga 14/6 -bunaga -ganaga 15/6 -kunaga 16 -hanaga —

¹ The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -nagira
  • Long causative: -nagisa

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[8], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 304
• Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[9], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 125
• Entry 9303 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

Yakan

Etymology

Ultimately borrowed from Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “large snake”).

Noun

naga

1. dragon