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See also: and
U+9F8D, 龍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F8D

[U+9F8C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9F8E]

U+2FD3, ⿓
KANGXI RADICAL DRAGON

[U+2FD2]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2FD4]
U+F9C4, 龍
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C4

[U+F9C3]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9C5]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 212, +0, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜月卜尸心 (YBYSP), four-corner 01211, composition 𦚏𳑳)

  1. Kangxi radical #212, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №427

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1536, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48818
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2076, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4803, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9F8D

Bailang

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Etymology

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Coblin, reconstructing the Bailang pronunciation as *gljung, suggests that it derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (river, gorge) and retains its consonant cluster, which was lost in Proto-Lolo-Burmese. Compare Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs), Chinese (OC *kloːɡ).

Noun

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(*gljung)

  1. gorge

References

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  • W. South Coblin, "A New Study of the Pai-lang Songs" (1979), Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, 12:179–216
  • Christopher I. Beckwith, "The Pai-lang songs: The earliest texts in a Tibeto-Burman language and their Late Old Chinese transcriptions" (2008), in Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages III

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Pictogram (象形) – originally a serpent with prominent whiskered mouth and eyes.

Current form developed in large seal script, with serpent’s body on right (tail at upper right, legs on right), whiskered/fanged mouth at lower left, and eyes/crown at upper left. Left side was subsequently simplified and abstracted, with some influence of and /. Note that existed as a traditional variant dating back to large seal script, and figures a dragon seen face-on, rather than curled around.

Compare 𦝠 (luó), which represents a particular kind of dragon.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (dragon; thunder). Cognate with Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug, dragon; thunder). The STEDT database also lists (OC *ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and (OC *bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare (OC *brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and 霹靂 (OC *pʰeːɡ reːɡ, “thunder”).

This word is found in many languages of the region. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (dragon) (White Hmong zaj), Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (dragon) (Vietnamese rồng), Vietnamese thuồng luồng (serpent-like monster), Khmer រោង (roong, year of the dragon), Thai มะโรง (má-roong, dragon; year of the dragon), Lao ມະໂລງ (ma lōng, year of the dragon), perhaps also Old Turkic [script needed] (*-lan, suffix denoting a wild, predatory animal) (Turkish aslan (lion), kaplan (tiger), yılan (snake)).

Pronunciation

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Note: lung4-2 - "goal" and in 烏龍 (wu1 lung4-2).
Note: lùng/lung - only in 龍龍鍾鍾龙龙钟钟.
Note:
  • lṳ̀ng - literary;
  • lèng - vernacular (only used in 龍眼);
  • liòng > lùng - literary (only used in 龍船).
Note:
  • lêng - vernacular;
  • gêng/liâng/ngúi - vernacular (only used in 龍眼);
  • liông - literary.
Note:
  • liang5 - vernacular;
  • long5 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /luŋ³⁵/
Harbin /luŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /luŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /luŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /ləŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /luŋ⁴²/
/lyuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /luŋ²⁴/
Xining /luə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /luŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lũn⁵³/
Ürümqi /luŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /noŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /noŋ³¹/
Guiyang /noŋ²¹/
Kunming /loŋ³¹/
Nanjing /loŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /luəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /luŋ¹³/
Hohhot /lũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /loŋ²³/
Suzhou /loŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /loŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /liɛ³¹/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /loŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /nən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /luŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /liuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /lioŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /loŋ²¹/
Nanning /luŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /luŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liɔŋ³⁵/
/liŋ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /lyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /lœyŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /loŋ⁵⁵/
/leŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /loŋ³¹/
/liaŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (7)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ljowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/lioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/lioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/luawŋ/
Li
Rong
/lioŋ/
Wang
Li
/lĭwoŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/li̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lung4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lóng
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljowng ›
Old
Chinese
/*[mə]-roŋ/
English dragon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 8436
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*b·roŋ/

Definitions

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  1. (mythology) Chinese dragon (Classifier: m c h;  mn)
  2. (mythology) Western dragon
  3. (figurative) emperor; sovereign; king; of the emperor
      ―  lóng  ―  imperial chair
  4. (figurative) chief; hero; towering figure
  5. (by extension) dragon-shaped object; long object
  6. (by extension) dragon-adorned object
  7. (zoology, paleontology) extinct reptilian creature; -saur
      ―  kǒnglóng  ―  dinosaur
    翼手翼手  ―  yìshǒulóng  ―  pterodactyl
  8. (Eastern Min) to become clear-minded; to be revitalised
  9. (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goal (Classifier: c)
  10. (Cantonese, soccer and other sports) goalkeeper (Classifier: c)
  11. (figurative) queue; line (Classifier: c)
    排長排长 [Cantonese]  ―  paai4 coeng4 lung4 [Jyutping]  ―  to form a long queue
  12. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) money
  13. (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) snake meat
  14. (Shanghainese, slang) a hundred of a currency designation
    Synonym:  /
  15. (dialectal) rainbow
  16. a surname
      ―  Lóng Yún  ―  Long Yun (Yunnan warlord)

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (りゅう) (ryū)
  • Korean: >(龍) (ryong>yong)
  • Vietnamese: long ()

Others:

See also

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

Readings

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Compounds

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Usage notes

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Korean

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC ljowng). Recorded as Middle Korean 료ᇰ (lywong) (Yale: lyong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

(eumhun 미르 (mireu ryong), word-initial (South Korea) 미르 (mireu yong))

  1. hanja form? of / (dragon)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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Possibly from the verb 立つ (tatu, to rise, stand).

Noun

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(tatu) (kana たつ)

  1. a Japanese dragon

Usage notes

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Also used once phonetically as a 借訓 (shakkun) for ⟨tatu⟩.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Vietnamese

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Alternative forms

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: long (()(dung)(thiết))[2][3][4][1][5]
: Nôm readings: long[2][3][1][6], lung[2][3][7], lỏng[7][5][6], lúng[7][1], luông[3], luồng[7]

Noun

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  1. chữ Hán form of long ((only in compounds) dragon)

Proper noun

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  1. chữ Hán form of Long (a male given name)

Compounds

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References

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