龍
| Character | 龍 U+9F8D, 龍 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F8D | ||
| Block | CJK Unified Ideographs | ||
|
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||
| Traditional | 龍 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 竜 |
| Simplified | 龙 |
Han character[edit]
龍 (radical 212 龍+0, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜月卜尸心 (YBYSP), four-corner 01211)
- Kangxi radical #212, ⿓ (“dragon”).
Derived characters[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1536, character 33
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48818
- Dae Jaweon: page 2076, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4803, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9F8D
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 龍 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 龙 | |
| alt. forms | ||
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 龍
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Pictogram (象形) – originally a serpent with prominent whiskered mouth and eyes.
Current form developed in large seal script, with serpent’s body on right (tail at upper right, legs on right), whiskered/fanged mouth at lower left, and eyes/crown at upper left. Left side was subsequently simplified and abstracted, with some influence of 立 and ⺼/月. Note that 竜 existed as a traditional variant dating back to large seal script, and figures a dragon seen face-on, rather than curled around.
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bru(ŋ/k) (“dragon; thunder”). Cognate with Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug, “dragon; thunder”). The STEDT database also lists 隆 (OC *ɡ·ruːŋ, “thunder; sound of thunder”) and 雹 (OC *bruːɡ, “hail”) as cognates. Also compare 靐 (OC *brɯŋs, “sound of thunder”) and 霹靂 (“thunder”).
This word is found in many languages of the region. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *-roŋ (“dragon”) (White Hmong zaj), Proto-Vietic *-roːŋ (“dragon”) (Vietnamese rồng), Vietnamese thuồng luồng (“serpent-like monster”), Khmer រោង (roŭng, “year of the dragon”), Thai มะโรง (má-roong, “dragon; year of the dragon”), Lao ມະໂລງ (ma lōng, “year of the dragon”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lung4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liùng
- Min Dong (BUC): lṳ̀ng
- Min Nan (POJ): lêng / gêng / liông
- Wu (Wiktionary): lon (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ
- Wade-Giles: lung2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: long
- IPA (key): /lʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: lung4
- Yale: lùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: lung4
- IPA (key): /lʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liùng
- Hakka Romanization System: liungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: liung2
- IPA: /li̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lṳ̀ng
- IPA (key): /l̃yŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: lon (T3)
- IPA (key): /lʊŋ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 龍 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /luŋ³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /luŋ²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /luŋ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /luŋ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ləŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /luŋ⁴²/ /lyuŋ⁴²/ |
|
| Xi'an | /luŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /luə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /luŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /lũn⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /luŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /noŋ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /noŋ³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /noŋ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /loŋ³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /loŋ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ləŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /luəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /luŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /lũŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /loŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /loŋ¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /loŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /liɛ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /lʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /lin⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /loŋ¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /nən¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /luŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /liuŋ¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /lioŋ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /loŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /luŋ²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /luŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /liɔŋ³⁵/ /liŋ³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /lyŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /lœyŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /loŋ⁵⁵/ /leŋ⁵⁵/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /loŋ³¹/ /liaŋ³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 龍 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力鍾切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lɨoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/lioŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/lioŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/luawŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/lioŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/lĭwoŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/li̯woŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
lóng |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 龍 | 龍 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 8436 | 8763 |
| Phonetic component |
龍 | 尨 |
| Rime group |
東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
龍 | 厖 |
| Old Chinese |
/*b·roŋ/ | /*mroːŋ/ |
| Notes | 同狵 | |
Definitions[edit]
龍
- (mythology) Chinese dragon
- (mythology) Western dragon
- (figuratively) emperor; sovereign; king; of the emperor
- (figuratively) chief; hero; towering figure
- (by extension) dragon-shaped object; long object
- (by extension) dragon-adorned object
- (zoology) Short for 恐龍／恐龙 (kǒnglóng, “dinosaur”).
- (Min Dong) to become clear-minded; to be revitalised
- A surname.
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Noun[edit]
龍 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 竜, hiragana たつ, romaji tatsu)
- dragon
- 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 8, page 1:
- 龍 文字集畧云、龍、力鍾反、太都、○下總本有和名二字、神代紀齋明紀同訓、按太都 [...]
- 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 8, page 1:
龍 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 竜, hiragana りゅう, romaji ryū)
Proper noun[edit]
龍 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 竜, hiragana りゅう, romaji Ryū)
- A male given name
- A surname.
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Goon: りゅう (ryū)
- Kan’on: りょう (ryō)
- Kan’yōon: ろう (rō)
- Kun: たつ (tatsu)
- Nanori: かみ (kami), きみ (kimi), しげみ (shigemi), とお (tō), とおる (tōru), めぐむ (megumu)
Usage notes[edit]
Kyūjitai; simplified into 竜 as isolated shinjitai kanji, but used in Jōyō characters 襲 and 籠 (latter Jōyō as of 2010).
References[edit]
- Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, ISBN 978-4-653-00507-0, published 1968.
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
龍 • (ryong, yong, rong, nong, mang, chong)
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 룡, 용, 롱, 농, 망, 총 (McCune-Reischauer: ryong, yong, rong, nong, mang, ch'ong, Yale: lyong, yong, long, nong, mang, chong)
- Name (hangeul): 용()
compounds[edit]
- 청룡 (cheongnyong)(靑龍) Green dragon
- 용문 (yongmun)(龍門) dragon gate (folk tale : If snake passes this gate, it becames a dragon)
- 용왕 (yong-wang)(龍王) the Dragon King
- 용산 (yongsan)(龍山) Yongsan city
- 용인 (yong-in)(龍仁) Yongin city
- 용수철 (yongsucheol)(龍鬚鐵) spring
- 등용문 (deung-yongmun)(登龍門) gateway
- 용두사미 (yongdusami)(龍頭蛇尾) anticlimax, dragon head and snake tail
- 공룡 (gongnyong)(恐龍) dinosaur
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
龍 (long, lỏng, lung, lúng, luồng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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