瀧

See also: 泷 and 滝

瀧 U+7027, 瀧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7027 ← 瀦 [U+7026] CJK Unified Ideographs 瀨 → [U+7028]

Translingual

Traditional	瀧
Shinjitai	滝
Simplified	泷

Han character

瀧 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 水卜月心 (EYBP), four-corner 3111₁, composition ⿰氵龍)

Derived characters

• 𡔆, 𮧁

Related characters

• 滝 (Japanese shinjitai)
• 泷 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 660, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18671
• Dae Jaweon: page 1070, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1784, character 17
• Unihan data for U+7027

Chinese

trad.		瀧
simp.		泷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (龍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
驡	*ʔslaːŋʔ, *roŋ
龐	*broːŋ
瀧	*rroːŋ, *sroːŋ, *roːŋ
籠	*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ
豅	*roːŋ
朧	*roːŋ, *roŋs
龓	*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ
聾	*roːŋ
礱	*roːŋ, *roːŋs
嚨	*roːŋ
蘢	*roːŋ, *roŋ
櫳	*roːŋ
襱	*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *r'oŋʔ
瓏	*roːŋ
曨	*roːŋ, *roːŋʔ
鸗	*roːŋ, *roŋ
蠪	*roːŋ
巃	*roːŋʔ
竉	*roːŋʔ
攏	*roːŋʔ
儱	*roːŋʔ, *roŋs
龍	*b·roŋ, *mroːŋ
躘	*roŋ, *roŋs
隴	*roŋʔ
壠	*roŋʔ
壟	*roŋʔ
寵	*r̥ʰoŋʔ
龏	*kloŋ, *kloŋs, *qroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rroːŋ, *sroːŋ, *roːŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lóng (long²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁴ / lung⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liông / lông

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lóng
    • Wade–Giles: lung²
    • Yale: lúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: long
    • Palladius: лун (lun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: long⁴ / lung⁴
    • Yale: lòhng / lùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: long⁴ / lung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: long⁴ / lung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²¹/, /lʊŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông / lông
    • Tâi-lô: liông / lông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lioong, loong
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴/, /lɔŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ²⁴/, /lɔŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔŋ¹³/, /lɔŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/, /lɔŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/, /lɔŋ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: luwng

Rime
Character	瀧
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧紅切
Baxter	luwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/luŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/luŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləwŋ/
Li Rong	/luŋ/
Wang Li	/luŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/luŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lung4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*roːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瀧
Reading #	3/3
No.	8416
Phonetic component	龍
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	籠
Old Chinese	/*roːŋ/

Definitions

瀧

1. appearance of raining
2. wet; soaked

Compounds

• 瀧夫 / 泷夫
• 瀧漉 / 泷漉
• 瀧瀧 / 泷泷
• 瀧船 / 泷船

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lóng (long²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lóng
    • Wade–Giles: lung²
    • Yale: lúng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: long
    • Palladius: лун (lun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: laewng

Rime
Character	瀧
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	呂江切
Baxter	laewng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lˠʌŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lᵚɔŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lɔŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/laɨwŋ/
Li Rong	/lɔŋ/
Wang Li	/lɔŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lɔŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	long4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*rroːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瀧
Reading #	1/3
No.	8410
Phonetic component	龍
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	瀧
Old Chinese	/*rroːŋ/

Definitions

瀧

1. (of flow of water) rapid

Etymology 3

Resemblance to Vietnamese sông – which is from Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ – is coincidental. Because:

• In the early 11th century CE 瀧 (MC sraewng) (Baxter) already possessed retroflex fricative initial (as indicated by pronunciation 所江切 in Guangyun [1007 - 1008 CE]); meanwhile,
• Nôm transcriptions in the 12th-century Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) demonstrate that Old Vietnamese then still retained clusters */Cr-/, which would not become a retroflex fricative ancestral to Modern Vietnamese ‹s-› /ʂ ~ s/ until much later.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shuāng (shuang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shuāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shuang
    • Wade–Giles: shuang¹
    • Yale: shwāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuang
    • Palladius: шуан (šuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: soeng¹
    • Yale: sēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: sraewng

Rime
Character	瀧
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所江切
Baxter	sraewng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠʌŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚɔŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃɔŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨwŋ/
Li Rong	/ʃɔŋ/
Wang Li	/ʃɔŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂɔŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shuāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	song1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sroːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瀧
Reading #	2/3
No.	8411
Phonetic component	龍
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	雙
Old Chinese	/*sroːŋ/

Definitions

瀧

1. (～水) a river in Guangdong

   Synonym: 羅定江 / 罗定江

Compounds

• 瀧岡 / 泷冈
• 瀧州 / 泷州
• 瀧水 / 泷水

Japanese

Shinjitai	滝
Kyūjitai	瀧

Kanji

瀧

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 滝)

1. Kyūjitai form of 滝 (“waterfall; rapids”)
2. Used in personal names.

Readings

From Middle Chinese 瀧 (MC laewng); compare Mandarin 瀧 / 泷 (lóng):

• Go-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}

From Middle Chinese 瀧 (MC luwng); compare Mandarin 瀧 / 泷 (lóng):

• Go-on: ろう (rō)
• Kan-on: ろう (rō)

From Middle Chinese 瀧 (MC sraewng); compare Mandarin 瀧 / 泷 (shuāng):

• Go-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: たき (taki, 瀧)

Korean

Hanja

瀧 (eum 룡 (ryong), word-initial (South Korea) 용 (yong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

瀧: Hán Việt readings: lung
瀧: Nôm readings: sông, rông, lùng, rồng, lung

1. chữ Nôm form of sông (“river”)