江
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Contents
Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
江 (radical 85, 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水一 (EM), four-corner 31110, composition ⿰氵工)
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 606, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17140
- Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1551, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6C5F
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
江 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːŋ): semantic 氵 + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
Etymology 1[edit]
“Yangtze River”.
Borrowed from a substrate Mon-Khmer language as Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river, valley”); compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”) > Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”) (Vietnamese sông), Mon ကြုၚ် (krɜŋ, “small river, creek”).
Derivative: 港 (OC *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs, “harbour”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
江
- Yangtze River
- (by extension) river
- A surname: Jiang (mainland China), Chiang (Taiwan), Kong (Hong Kong)
Usage notes[edit]
The original Chinese word for “river” was 水 (shuǐ), literally “water”. In time, the proper name 河 (hé) was used as a word for rivers and its original bearer distinguished as the 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé, “Yellow River”). Similarly, 江 was originally the name of the Yangtze River and then applied broadly as a generic word for rivers. In modern Chinese, 江 are usually the larger rivers, 河 are smaller rivers or creeks, and 水 are brooks and streams; but there are many exceptions to this general pattern owing to historical reasons.
See also[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 江
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Etymology 2[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 江 – see 豇 (“cowpea”). (This character, 江, is the second-round simplified form of 豇.) |
Notes:
|
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
江
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←こう (kou, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kun: え (e, 江, Jōyō)←え (e, historical)←𛀁 (𛀁, ancient)
- Nanori: ええ (ee); くん (kun); こ (ko); とうみ (tōmi); のぶ (nobu); み (mi); りえ (rie)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 江 |
| え Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
/je/ → /e/
From Old Japanese. The ye pronunciation gradually dropped out in Early Middle Japanese, persisting in some dialects and specific terms. For instance, see 
Yebisu on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
This term was so representative of the ye reading that it lent its shape to the hentaigana 𛀁 (ye).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
Although 江 (e) was sometimes used generically for a large body of water, it was most often used to indicate the portion of that body of water that extended inland.[2]
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- A surname.
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 江 |
| こう Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
/kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 江 (MC kˠʌŋ).
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
江 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō, historical hiragana かう)
Proper noun[edit]
江 (hiragana こう, rōmaji Kō, historical hiragana かう)
- short for 長江 (Chōkō): the Yangtze River
- old name for 琵琶湖 (Biwa-ko): Lake Biwa
- a surname
- a unisex given name
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 江河 (Kōga): the Yangtze River and the Yellow River
Etymology 3[edit]
Various nanori readings.
Pronunciation[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
- a surname
- a unisex given name
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 江南 (강남, gangnam) : south of river, district south of the Han River
- 江北 (강북, gangbuk) : north of river, district north of the Han River
- 江山 (강산, gangsan) : river and mountain, landscape
- 江邊 (강변, gangbyeon) : riverside
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
江 (giang, giăng, nhăng, gianh)
- (only in compounds) river
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- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading え
- Japanese kanji with ancient kun reading 𛀁
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading ごう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'yōon reading がう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading かう
- Japanese kanji with goon reading こう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading こう
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ええ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading くん
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading こ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とうみ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading のぶ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading み
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading りえ
- Japanese terms spelled with 江 read as え
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