Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order
|
|
Han character[edit]
工 (Kangxi radical 48, 工+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一中一 (MLM), four-corner 10100, composition ⿱一丄 or ⿱丅一)
- Kangxi radical #48, ⼯.
Derived characters[edit]
- Appendix:Chinese radical/工
- 仜, 冮, 叿, 𡉎, 妅, 屸, 𢓁, 𢖷, 扛, 江, 𨸖, 𪰆, 杠, 𬇔, 灴, 玒, 肛, 𬒬, 𥃽, 矼, 𧘍, 䉺, 紅(红), 缸, 羾, 𦔸, 舡, 虹, 𧢸, 訌(讧), 䜫, 豇, 䞑, 𨊧, 釭(𮣲), 𬛀, 䪦, 䫹, 𮨷, 魟(𫚉), 𩾬, 㠮
- 𠃖, 㓛, 㓚, 功, 卭, 㣉, 邛, 攻, 𣢈, 瓨, 𦏼, 𧈬, 𨾊, 項(项), 䲨(𬷾), 𭄟, 𡉐, 𢖶, 汞, 𭴃, 𥁁, 𬎥, 𦏺, 𧈫, 貢(贡), 𫔙, 𣒳, 𭘎, 仝, 㒰, 𡧇, 𡰱, 㞬, 𭠀, 𭥐, 杢, 巠, 𦒳, 𥃿, 𫀧, 空, 笁, 𬛸, 𠱯, 匞, 式, 疘, 𢒄, 𬮚, 𡆬, 噐, 𤔌
- 𠵋, 𡥴, 𦁻, 𠽇, 𡐘, 𢝘, 揑, 湼, 䛼, 毁, 恐, 𦅛, 滘, 壽, 尋, 㝷
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 325, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8714
- Dae Jaweon: page 626, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 410, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5DE5
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 缸
|
*kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
|
| 篢
|
*kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
|
| 贑
|
*kluːmʔ
|
| 涳
|
*ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
|
| 江
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 肛
|
*kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
|
| 扛
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 杠
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 豇
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 茳
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 釭
|
*kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
|
| 矼
|
*kroːŋ
|
| 玒
|
*kroːŋ, *koːŋ
|
| 虹
|
*kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
|
| 腔
|
*kʰroːŋ
|
| 崆
|
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
|
| 羫
|
*kʰroːŋ
|
| 控
|
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
|
| 椌
|
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
|
| 悾
|
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
|
| 跫
|
*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
|
| 啌
|
*qʰroːŋ
|
| 谾
|
*qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
|
| 舡
|
*qʰroːŋ
|
| 缻
|
*ɡroːŋ
|
| 項
|
*ɡroːŋʔ
|
| 屸
|
*ɡ·roːŋ
|
| 功
|
*koːŋ
|
| 工
|
*koːŋ
|
| 疘
|
*koːŋ
|
| 魟
|
*koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
|
| 攻
|
*koːŋ, *kuːŋ
|
| 愩
|
*koːŋ
|
| 碽
|
*koːŋ
|
| 貢
|
*koːŋs
|
| 羾
|
*koːŋs
|
| 空
|
*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
|
| 箜
|
*kʰoːŋ
|
| 硿
|
*kʰoːŋ
|
| 埪
|
*kʰoːŋ
|
| 鵼
|
*kʰoːŋ
|
| 倥
|
*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
|
| 鞚
|
*kʰoːŋs
|
| 叿
|
*qʰoːŋ
|
| 嗊
|
*qʰoːŋʔ
|
| 訌
|
*ɡoːŋ
|
| 紅
|
*ɡoːŋ
|
| 仜
|
*ɡoːŋ
|
| 葒
|
*ɡoːŋ
|
| 渱
|
*ɡoːŋ
|
| 鴻
|
*ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
|
| 汞
|
*ɡoːŋʔ
|
| 澒
|
*ɡoːŋʔ
|
| 鞏
|
*koŋʔ
|
| 巩
|
*koŋʔ
|
| 銎
|
*kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
|
| 恐
|
*kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
|
| 蛩
|
*ɡoŋ
|
| 筇
|
*ɡoŋ
|
| 桏
|
*ɡoŋ
|
| 邛
|
*ɡoŋ
|
Pictogram (象形) – a bladed tool.
Etymology 1[edit]
An area word; compare Burmese ခိုင်း (hkuing:, “to order or ask someone to do something”), Old Mon kloñ (kloɲ, “to work”), Old Mon klon (klon, “to have charge of cultivation”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Cognate with 功 (OC *koːŋ, “merit; achievement”), 攻 (OC *koːŋ, *kuːŋ, “to attack”). The senses evolved in the following manner: 工 (“work artisan”) > 功 (“merit; achievement”) > 攻 (“to attack”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation[edit]
Note:
- gĕ̤ng - vernacular;
- gŭng - literary.
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- kong - literary;
- kang - vernacular;
- khang - vernacular (in 工課).
Note: gong1 - one of the symbols in Gongchepu.
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
工
|
工
|
| Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
gōng
|
gōng
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ kuwng ›
|
‹ kuwng ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*kˁoŋ/
|
/*kˁoŋ/
|
| English
|
officer
|
work
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
工
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
4022
|
Phonetic
component
|
工
|
Rime
group
|
東
|
Rime
subdivision
|
0
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
公
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*koːŋ/
|
Definitions[edit]
工
- labour; work (Classifier: 份 c)
- 工作 ― gōngzuò ― work
- 罷工／罢工 ― bàgōng ― to strike
- 偷工減料／偷工减料 ― tōugōngjiǎnliào ― to do shoddy work and use inferior materials
- (regional or dialectal, including Southeast Asia) work; job; profession (Classifier: 份 c)
- 你做什麼工？／你做什么工？ ― Nǐ zuò shénme gōng? ― What is your job?
你失咗業咁耐，仲唔快啲搵返份工！ [Cantonese, trad.]
你失咗业咁耐，仲唔快啲揾返份工！ [Cantonese, simp.]- From: 開放詞典／开放词典 [Kaifang Cidian]
- nei5 sat1 zo2 jip6 gam3 noi6, zung6 m4 faai3 di1 wan2 faan1 fan6 gung1! [Jyutping]
- It's been a while since you lost your job; you need to find a new job soon!
- (Min Bei, Min Dong, Min Nan) working day; daytime; a day (24 hours)
- worker; labourer
- 女工 ― nǚgōng ― female worker
- 礦工／矿工 ― kuànggōng ― miner
- 陶瓷工 ― táocígōng ― potter
- 工農／工农 ― gōngnóng ― workers and peasants
- man-day
- construction
- 工地 ― gōngdì ― construction site
- 竣工 ― jùngōng ― to finish construction
- industry
- 化工 ― huàgōng ― chemical industry
- engineer
- skill; technique
- to be good at; to be skilled in
- delicate; exquisite; fine
- 工巧 ― gōngqiǎo ― delicate; exquisite
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of
天 (“day (24 hours)”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
日
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
日, 天
|
| Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
天
|
| Taiwan
|
天
|
| Wanrong
|
天
|
| Ürümqi
|
天
|
| Chengdu
|
天
|
| Guiyang
|
天
|
| Guilin
|
天
|
| Liuzhou
|
天
|
| Malaysia
|
天
|
| Singapore
|
天
|
| Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)
|
天
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
日
|
| Hong Kong
|
日
|
| Taishan
|
日
|
| Taishan (Guanghai)
|
日
|
| Guiping (Jintian)
|
日
|
| Chongzuo (Laituan)
|
天
|
| Fusui (Qujiu)
|
日
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
日
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
日
|
| Mandalay (Taishan)
|
日, 天
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
日
|
| Lichuan
|
日
|
| Pingxiang
|
工, 日
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
日
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
日
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
日
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
日
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
日
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
日
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
日
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
日
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
天
|
| Min Bei
|
Jian'ou
|
工
|
| Min Dong
|
Fuzhou
|
日, 工
|
| Gutian
|
工
|
| Pingnan
|
工
|
| Fu'an
|
工
|
| Ningde
|
工
|
| Xiapu
|
工
|
| Zherong
|
工
|
| Shouning
|
工
|
| Zhouning
|
工
|
| Fuding
|
工
|
| Min Nan
|
Xiamen
|
日
|
| Quanzhou
|
日, 工
|
| Anxi
|
工
|
| Yongchun
|
日, 工
|
| Zhangzhou
|
日
|
| Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
日
|
| Zhao'an
|
日
|
| Dongshan
|
日
|
| Taipei
|
工, 日
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
工, 日
|
| Kaohsiung
|
工, 日
|
| Yilan
|
工, 日
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
工, 日
|
| Taichung
|
日, 工
|
| Taichung (Wuqi)
|
工
|
| Tainan
|
工, 日
|
| Taitung
|
日
|
| Hsinchu
|
日, 工
|
| Kinmen
|
工
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
工
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
日
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
工, 日
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
日
|
| Datian
|
工
|
| Pingnan (Pingtian)
|
日
|
| Guilin (Biyange)
|
日
|
| Chaozhou
|
日
|
| Shantou
|
日
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
日
|
| Haikou
|
日
|
| Singapore (Hainanese)
|
日
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
工, 日
|
| Putian (Donghai)
|
工
|
| Putian (Jiangkou)
|
日
|
| Putian (Nanri)
|
工
|
| Xianyou
|
工
|
| Xianyou (Fengting)
|
工
|
| Xianyou (Youyang)
|
工
|
| Northern Pinghua
|
Guilin (Dabu)
|
日
|
| Guilin (Wutong, Lingui)
|
日
|
| Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui)
|
日
|
| Lingchuan (Sanjie)
|
日
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
天, 日, 日天
|
| Suzhou
|
日
|
| Hangzhou
|
日
|
| Ningbo
|
日
|
| Wenzhou
|
日
|
| Jinhua
|
日
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
天
|
- (work): 活 (huó), 事 (shì), 工作 (gōngzuò)
Dialectal synonyms of
職業 (“job; occupation; profession”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
職, 業
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
職業, 工作
|
| Mandarin
|
Taiwan
|
工作
|
| Singapore
|
工, 工作
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
工
|
| Hong Kong
|
工
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
工
|
| Hakka
|
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
頭路
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
頭路
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
頭路
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
頭路
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
頭路
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
頭路
|
| Min Nan
|
Xiamen
|
頭路, 工課, 穡路
|
| Quanzhou
|
頭路, 工課, 穡路
|
| Jinjiang
|
頭路
|
| Zhangzhou
|
頭路, 工課, 穡路
|
| Taipei
|
頭路
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
頭路, 職業
|
| Kaohsiung
|
工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
|
| Yilan
|
工課, 頭路, 職業
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
工課, 頭路, 職業
|
| Taichung
|
頭路, 工課, 穡頭
|
| Tainan
|
工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業
|
| Hsinchu
|
頭路, 工課
|
| Kinmen
|
頭路, 工課
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
工課
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
工課, 工
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
工, 頭路, 工課
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
頭路
|
| Jieyang
|
工課
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
工, 工課
|
| Singapore (Hainanese)
|
工
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
生活, 營生
|
| Suzhou
|
行當
|
| Danyang
|
生活
|
| Ningbo
|
生活, 行當
|
| Wenzhou
|
行當
|
| Jinhua
|
行當, 事幹, 生活
|
| Note
|
GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
|
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
工
- (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note mi (3).
- (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note mi (3).
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
Japanese[edit]
工
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- work, craft, art, skill
- workman, artisan
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 工 – see the following entry.
|
|
|
| (This term, 工, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
|
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 工 (MC kuwng).
Pronunciation[edit]
Wikisource
工 (eumhun 장인 공 (jang'in gong))
- Hanja form? of 공 (“master craftsman; master artisan”).
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 가공 (加工, gagong)
- 공구 (工具, gonggu)
- 공단 (工團, gongdan)
- 공방 (工房, gongbang)
- 공부 (工夫, gongbu)
- 공사 (工事, gongsa)
- 공업 (工業, gong'eop)
- 공예 (工藝, gong'ye)
- 공작 (工作, gongjak)
- 공장 (工場, gongjang)
- 공학 (工學, gonghak)
- 목공 (木工, mokgong)
- 사공 (沙工/砂工, sagong)
- 인공 (人工, in'gong)
- 준공 (竣工, jun'gong)
- 공정 (工程, gongjeong)
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
工: Hán Nôm readings: công, cong, côông, gồng, trong, cung
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
