耐

耐 U+8010, 耐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8010 ← 耏 [U+800F] CJK Unified Ideographs 耑 → [U+8011]

Translingual

Han character

耐 (radical 126, 而+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一月木戈 (MBDI), four-corner 1420₀, composition ⿰而寸)

Derived characters

• 𭱈, 𪹅

References

• KangXi: page 962, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28879
• Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2811, character 3
• Unihan data for U+8010

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		耐
alternative forms		耏 𡬪 𦓎 𩈃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (而) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
耐	*nɯːs
耏	*nɯːs, *njɯ
而	*njɯ
鮞	*njɯ, *njuɡ
鴯	*njɯ
栭	*njɯ
陑	*njɯ
峏	*njɯ
輀	*njɯ
胹	*njɯ
洏	*njɯ
髵	*njɯ
恧	*nɯɡ, *nuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *nɯːs): phonetic 而 (OC *njɯ) + semantic 寸.

Etymology

STEDT compares this to 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *na-n/t (“ill, pain, sore, ache, difficult, evil spirit”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nài (nai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): noi⁶, nang⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nai
• Min Dong (BUC): nâi / ngài
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): nāi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nai⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: nài
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˋ
    • Wade–Giles: nai4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nay
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /naɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: noi⁶, nang⁴
    • Yale: noih, nàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: noi⁶, nang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: noi⁶, neng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɔːy̯²²/, /nɐŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nai
    • Hakka Romanization System: nai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /nai̯⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nâi / ngài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡɑi²⁴²/, /ŋai⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nāi
    • Tâi-lô: nāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: nai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /nãi²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /nãi⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /nãi²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /nãi³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /nãi³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: nai⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: năi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nai³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /nʌi^H/

Rime
Character	耐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	奴代切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/nəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/nɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nəjH/
Li Rong	/nᴀiH/
Wang Li	/nɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/nɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	noi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤə-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*nɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	耐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nài
Middle Chinese	‹ nojH ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁə-s/
English	endure
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	耐
Reading #	1/1
No.	2718
Phonetic component	而
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	耐
Old Chinese	/*nɯːs/
Notes	說文同耏

Definitions

耐

1. to be durable; to be able to withstand

   耐火  ―  nàihuǒ  ―  fire resistant

2. to bear; to endure

   吃苦耐勞 / 吃苦耐劳  ―  chīkǔnàiláo  ―  (literally) to consume bitterness and to endure hardship

3. (Cantonese, of time) long; taking a long time to happen

   我已經等咗好耐呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
   我已经等咗好耐呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ ji⁵ ging¹ dang² zo² hou² noi⁶ aa³! [Jyutping]

   I've already waited forever!

   你去咗咁死耐先買咗一件衫？ [Cantonese, trad.]
   你去咗咁死耐先买咗一件衫？ [Cantonese, simp.]

   nei⁵ heoi³ zo² gam³ sei² noi⁶ sin¹ maai⁵ zo² jat¹ gin⁶ saam¹? [Jyutping]

   You were gone for so long and only bought one shirt?

4. (literary) to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of
5. (literary) suitable; appropriate
6. (literary) an ancient punishment involving shaving one's beard and temples

Synonyms

• (to bear):

edit

• 克服 (kèfú)
• 包容 (bāoróng)

• 容忍 (róngrěn)
• 忍受 (rěnshòu)

• 忍耐 (rěnnài)
• 打限 (Malaysia, Singapore)

• (long):

Dialectal synonyms of 久 (“long (time)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		久
Mandarin	Taiwan	久
	Malaysia	久
	Singapore	久
Cantonese	Guangzhou	耐
	Hong Kong	耐
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	耐
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	久
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	久
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	耐
	Taishan	久
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	耐
	Singapore (Guangfu)	耐
Gan	Nanchang	久
Hakka	Meixian	久
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	久
	Boluo (Bendihua)	久
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	久
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	久
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	久
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	久
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	久
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	久
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	久
	Dongshi (Dabu)	久
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	久
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	久
	Hong Kong	久
	Senai (Huiyang)	久
	Kuching (Hepo)	久
Min Dong	Fuzhou	𣆯
	Changle	𣆯
	Fuqing	𣆯
	Yongtai	𣆯
	Gutian	長久
	Fu'an	𣆯
	Ningde	𣆯
	Shouning	長遠
	Zhouning	長遠
	Fuding	久
	Singapore (Fuqing)	𣆯
Min Nan	Xiamen	久
	Quanzhou	久
	Jinjiang	久
	Dongshan	久
	Taipei	久 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	久
	Singapore (Hokkien)	久
	Manila (Hokkien)	久
	Chaozhou	久
	Shantou	久
	Haifeng	久
	Bangkok (Teochew)	久
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	久
	Singapore (Teochew)	久
	Wenchang	久
	Qionghai	久
	Singapore (Hainanese)	久
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified)

• (to be worth): 值得 (zhídé)
• (suitable):

edit

Synonyms of 耐

• 一定 (yīdìng)
• 停當／停当 (tíngdàng)
• 允 (yǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 允當／允当 (yǔndàng) (literary)
• 剛好／刚好 (gānghǎo)
• 合宜 (héyí)
• 合手 (héshǒu)
• 合用 (héyòng) (literary or Min Nan)
• 合適／合适 (héshì)
• 妥善 (tuǒshàn)
• 妥帖 (tuǒtiē)

• 妥當／妥当 (tuǒdang)
• 安帖 (āntiē)
• 定當／定当 (dìngdàng)
• 對勁／对劲 (duìjìn) (colloquial)
• 對路／对路 (duìlù) (colloquial)
• 得宜 (déyí) (literary)
• 得當／得当 (dédàng)
• 得體／得体 (détǐ)
• 恰當／恰当 (qiàdàng)
• 拄仔好 (Min Nan)
• 拄好 (Min Nan)

• 的當／的当 (dídàng)
• 相宜 (xiāngyí)
• 相當／相当 (xiāngdāng)
• 貼切／贴切 (tiēqiè)
• 適合／适合 (shìhé)
• 適宜／适宜 (shìyí)
• 適用／适用 (shìyòng)
• 適當／适当 (shìdàng)
• 適量／适量 (shìliàng)
• 配合 (pèihé)

Compounds

• 不可耐
• 不寧不耐／不宁不耐
• 不耐 (bùnài)
• 不耐心煩／不耐心烦
• 不耐煩／不耐烦 (bùnàifán)
• 俗不可耐 (súbùkěnài)
• 刻苦耐勞／刻苦耐劳
• 叵耐 (pǒnài)
• 吃苦耐勞／吃苦耐劳 (chīkǔnàiláo)
• 尀耐
• 忍耐 (rěnnài)
• 急不可耐
• 施耐庵
• 末耐何
• 沒耐煩／没耐烦
• 等耐

• 美耐板 (měinàibǎn)
• 美耐皿
• 耐不住
• 耐久 (nàijiǔ)
• 耐久品
• 耐久朋
• 耐久財／耐久财
• 耐人尋味／耐人寻味 (nàirénxúnwèi)
• 耐儲大蒜／耐储大蒜
• 耐力 (nàilì)
• 耐勞／耐劳 (nàiláo)
• 耐可
• 耐寒 (nàihán)
• 耐心 (nàixīn)
• 耐性 (nàixìng)

• 耐撞
• 耐旱
• 耐火材料
• 耐火磚／耐火砖
• 耐煩／耐烦 (nàifán)
• 耐熱／耐热 (nàirè)
• 耐用 (nàiyòng)
• 耐看
• 耐著性子
• 耐震 (nàizhèn)
• 耐頭／耐头
• 耐龍／耐龙
• 能耐 (néngnài)
• 難耐／难耐
• 頗耐／颇耐

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Japanese

Kanji

耐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. to withstand

Readings

• Go-on: ない (nai); のう (nō)
• Kan-on: だい (dai); どう (dō)
• Kan’yō-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
• Kun: たえる (taeru, 耐える, Jōyō)

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Korean

Hanja

耐 (eum 내 (nae))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

耐: Hán Việt readings: nại
耐: Nôm readings: nại, nề, nài

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.