奴
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]奴 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 女水 (VE), four-corner 47440, composition ⿰女又)
Derived characters
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 254, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6039
- Dae Jaweon: page 517, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1024, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5974
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 奴 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 奴 | |
| alternative forms | 㚢 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 奴 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 拿 | *rnaː |
| 拏 | *rnaː |
| 詉 | *rnaː |
| 蒘 | *rnaː, *na |
| 笯 | *rnaː, *naː, *naːs |
| 挐 | *rnaː, *na |
| 絮 | *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas |
| 呶 | *rnaːw |
| 怓 | *rnaːw |
| 帑 | *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː |
| 奴 | *naː |
| 砮 | *naː, *naːʔ |
| 駑 | *naː |
| 孥 | *naː |
| 努 | *naːʔ |
| 弩 | *naːʔ |
| 怒 | *naːʔ, *naːs |
| 袽 | *na |
| 帤 | *na |
| 女 | *naʔ, *nas |
| 籹 | *naʔ |
| 恕 | *hnjas |
| 如 | *nja, *njas |
| 茹 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njas |
| 洳 | *nja, *njas |
| 鴽 | *nja |
| 蕠 | *nja |
| 汝 | *njaʔ |
| 肗 | *njaʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 女 (“woman”) + 又 (“hand”) – a hand capturing and ordering a woman around. 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas) may also be phonetic.
Some oracle bone script forms (not depicted above) are pictographic (象形), showing a person (probably a woman) with hands crossed at the back, as opposed to 女 which depicts a woman clasping her hands in front of the body.
Etymology
[edit]Uncertain.
- Possibly cognate with Mru nar (“servant”) & Awa-Khumi Chin tana (Löffler, 1960);
- Ferlus (1999) relates this to 女 (OC *naʔ), which has semantic parallel, especially among foreign loans (e.g. 嬯 (OC *dɯː, “servant, slave woman”) which is possibly from Austroasiatic).
- Unger (1990) groups 奴 (OC *naː) as well as 努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense, to exert”), 弩 (OC *naːʔ, “crossbow”), & 怒 (OC *naːs, “angry”), in a word-family with the basic meaning "tense", hence 奴 (OC *naː)'s meaning "press into service".
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): nû
- Eastern Min (BUC): nù
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nu2 / nou2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6nu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nú
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nú
- Wade–Giles: nu2
- Yale: nú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nu
- Palladius: ну (nu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nou4
- Yale: nòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: nou4
- Guangdong Romanization: nou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /nou̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdu²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nù / nùng
- Hakka Romanization System: nuˇ / nungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nu2 / nung2
- Sinological IPA: /nu¹¹/, /nuŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: nu / nung
- Sinological IPA: /nu⁵⁵/, /nuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nû
- Sinological IPA (key): /nu³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nù
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: nu2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: nú
- Sinological IPA (key): /nu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: nu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /nu²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: nou2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: nó
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɔu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: nou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɔu²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: nu
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*naː/
Definitions
[edit]奴
- slave; servant
- (humble, polite) I
- (derogatory) a person associated with a particular identity or trait
- to enslave
- (Cantonese) Used in transcription.
Synonyms
[edit]- (I):
Compounds
[edit]- 丁奴
- 主奴
- 九苞奴
- 乾奴才 / 干奴才
- 五奴
- 亞奴 / 亚奴
- 亡國奴 / 亡国奴 (wángguónú)
- 人奴
- 人奴產子 / 人奴产子
- 仙奴
- 俟奴
- 俠奴 / 侠奴
- 倭奴 (Wōnú)
- 倉奴 / 仓奴
- 傖奴 / 伧奴
- 傒奴
- 傭奴 / 佣奴
- 僮奴
- 僕奴 / 仆奴
- 儜奴 / 佇奴
- 儼奴 / 俨奴
- 兀地奴
- 入主出奴
- 六籍奴婢
- 出奴入主
- 劉寄奴 / 刘寄奴 (liújìnú)
- 匈奴 (Xiōngnú)
- 匈奴入侵
- 北匈奴
- 千奴
- 千頭木奴 / 千头木奴
- 千頭橘奴 / 千头橘奴
- 卒奴
- 南匈奴
- 叱奴
- 史奴比 (Shǐnúbǐ)
- 名利奴
- 呼奴使婢
- 囚奴
- 大奴
- 奚奴
- 女奴 (nǚnú)
- 奴下
- 奴使
- 奴僇
- 奴僕 / 奴仆 (núpú)
- 奴儕 / 奴侪
- 奴兵
- 奴化 (núhuà)
- 奴哥
- 奴奴
- 奴婢 (núbì)
- 奴子
- 奴官
- 奴客
- 奴家 (nújiā)
- 奴工
- 奴廝兒 / 奴厮儿
- 奴役 (núyì)
- 奴從 / 奴从
- 奴性 (núxìng)
- 奴怯
- 奴戮
- 奴才 (núcái)
- 奴書 / 奴书
- 奴材 (núcái)
- 奴爾 / 奴尔 (Nú'ěr)
- 奴產子 / 奴产子
- 奴視 / 奴视
- 奴胎
- 奴脣婢舌 / 奴唇婢舌
- 奴虜 / 奴虏
- 奴角
- 奴輩 / 奴辈
- 奴隸 / 奴隶 (núlì)
- 奴隸主 / 奴隶主 (núlìzhǔ)
- 奴隸主義 / 奴隶主义
- 奴顏 / 奴颜 (núyán)
- 奴顏婢睞 / 奴颜婢睐
- 奴顏婢膝 / 奴颜婢膝 (núyánbìxī)
- 奴顏婢色 / 奴颜婢色
- 奴顏媚骨 / 奴颜媚骨 (núyánmèigǔ)
- 婢膝奴顏 / 婢膝奴颜
- 嬖奴
- 守財奴 / 守财奴 (shǒucáinú)
- 守錢奴 / 守钱奴
- 官奴
- 家奴 (jiānú)
- 宮奴 / 宫奴
- 家生奴
- 寄奴
- 小奚奴
- 小奴
- 尖奴
- 尖頭奴 / 尖头奴
- 崑奴 / 昆奴
- 崑崙奴 / 昆仑奴 (kūnlúnnú)
- 崑崙奴傳 / 昆仑奴传
- 常住奴
- 常奴
- 平頭奴 / 平头奴
- 平頭奴子 / 平头奴子
- 幹奴 / 干奴
- 庸奴
- 引光奴
- 徒奴
- 從奴 / 从奴
- 念奴
- 忤奴
- 念奴嬌 / 念奴娇
- 恭奴 (Gōngnú)
- 惺惺奴
- 戶奴 / 户奴
- 斑奴
- 木奴
- 李衡奴
- 柔奴
- 桀奴
- 桃奴
- 椎奴
- 橘奴
- 檀奴
- 治書奴 / 治书奴
- 洲中奴
- 洋奴 (yángnú)
- 潑奴胎 / 泼奴胎
- 火奴魯魯 / 火奴鲁鲁 (Huǒnúlǔlǔ)
- 烏舅金奴 / 乌舅金奴
- 燕奴
- 燭奴 / 烛奴
- 牧奴
- 牧豬奴 / 牧猪奴
- 牧豬奴戲 / 牧猪奴戏
- 狂奴
- 狂奴故態 / 狂奴故态
- 狗奴
- 狸奴 (línú)
- 獠奴
- 玉奴
- 玉奴粧 / 玉奴妆
- 玉川奴
- 玉腰奴
- 班奴
- 瑞聖奴 / 瑞圣奴
- 瓊奴 / 琼奴
- 用事奴
- 田奴
- 田舍奴
- 番奴
- 瘖奴
- 監奴 / 监奴
- 看財奴 / 看财奴
- 看錢奴 / 看钱奴
- 眾奴 / 众奴
- 矮奴 (óe-lô͘) (Min Nan)
- 石奴
- 秃奴
- 禿奴 / 秃奴
- 私奴
- 童奴
- 竹奴
- 美麗奴羊 / 美丽奴羊
- 老奴
- 耕奴
- 耕當問奴 / 耕当问奴
- 胡奴
- 胡奴車 / 胡奴车
- 臊羯奴
- 花奴
- 花奴羯鼓
- 花奴鼓
- 荔奴
- 荔枝奴 (lìzhīnú)
- 莊奴 / 庄奴
- 萎奴公
- 蟹奴
- 蠣奴 / 蛎奴
- 蠻奴 / 蛮奴
- 詩奴 / 诗奴
- 認奴作郎 / 认奴作郎
- 諧奴 / 谐奴
- 譂奴 / 𫟠奴
- 象奴 (xiàngnú)
- 豪奴
- 豹奴
- 貉奴
- 貍奴 / 狸奴 (línú)
- 貓奴 / 猫奴 (māonú)
- 賊奴 / 贼奴
- 賤奴 / 贱奴
- 農奴 / 农奴 (nóngnú)
- 農奴主 / 农奴主
- 農奴制 / 农奴制 (nóngnúzhì)
- 農奴制度 / 农奴制度 (nóngnú zhìdù)
- 逃奴
- 郗家奴
- 酪奴
- 醜奴兒 / 丑奴儿
- 金奴
- 金奴銀婢 / 金奴银婢
- 鈐奴 / 钤奴
- 鉗奴 / 钳奴
- 銜蟬奴 / 衔蝉奴
- 錢奴 / 钱奴
- 錫奴 / 锡奴
- 閹奴 / 阉奴
- 阿奴
- 陪奴
- 雁奴
- 雅奴
- 青奴
- 頑奴 / 顽奴
- 顇奴 / 悴奴
- 飛奴 / 飞奴
- 馬奴 / 马奴
- 馬奴法典 / 马奴法典
- 騎奴 / 骑奴
- 騷奴 / 骚奴
- 騶奴 / 驺奴
- 騷達奴 / 骚达奴
- 驅奴 / 驱奴
- 髡奴
- 髯奴
- 鬼奴
- 鮮卑奴 / 鲜卑奴
- 鮫奴 / 鲛奴
- 麥奴 / 麦奴
- 黃奴 / 黄奴
- 黃頭奴 / 黄头奴
- 黑奴 (hēinú)
- 齇奴
- 齊奴 / 齐奴
- 齊奴物 / 齐奴物
- 龜奴 / 龟奴
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]奴
- a thing, an object; (derogatory, familiar) a person
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ぬ (nu)←ぬ (nu, historical)
- Kan-on: ど (do, Jōyō)←ど (do, historical)
- Kun: やっこ (yakko, 奴)、やつ (yatsu, 奴)、め (me, 奴)
- Nanori: ぬい (nui)
Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 奴 |
| やつ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 奴 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 奴, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 奴 |
| やっこ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 奴 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 奴, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 奴 |
| め Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 奴 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 奴, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.) |
References
[edit]- “△奴”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]奴: Hán Việt readings: nô[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
奴: Nôm readings: nó[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], nọ[1][2][4][5][6][7], no[1][2][3][4][7], nô[1][2][3], nua[1][7], nổ[1], nồ[6]
- chữ Hán form of nô (“short for nô lệ (“slave”)”)
- chữ Nôm form of no (“full (of the stomach)”)
- chữ Nôm form of nó (“(impolite, colloquial, familiar) he; him; she; her; it”)
- chữ Nôm form of nọ (“(literary) this, that yonder”)
- chữ Nôm form of nô (“used in nô nức (“enthusiastic; eager”)”)
- chữ Nôm form of nổ (“to explode”)
- chữ Nôm form of nua (“(only in compounds) old; aged”)
References
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