footman

See also: Footman

English

A footman of the household of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.

Parts of a spinning wheel - H: footman

Etymology

From Middle English fotman, footman, foteman (“foot soldier, running footman”), from Old English *fōtman, *fōtmann (attested only as Old English fēþman, fēþemann (“footman”), equivalent to foot +‎ man.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

footman (plural footmen)

1. (archaic) A soldier who marches and fights on foot; a foot soldier.
2. A man in waiting; a male servant whose duties are to attend the door, the carriage, the table, etc.

   Coordinate terms: parlourmaid, footwoman

   • 1945 September and October, C. Hamilton Ellis, “Royal Trains—V”, in Railway Magazine, pages 251–252:

     […] on October 29, 1888, the Russian imperial train was derailed at Borki by defective track, and twenty-one persons were killed. Although these did not include the Emperor Alexander III, who escaped with a bruising, a footman serving coffee to him at the critical moment, and his dog, which was lying on the floor beside him, were both killed on the spot.

   • 1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:

     And no use for anyone to tell Charles that this was because the Family was in mourning for Mr Granville Darracott […] : Charles might only have been second footman at Darracott Place for a couple of months when that disaster occurred, but no one could gammon him into thinking that my lord cared a spangle for his heir.

   • 2023 September 23, Tim Hayward, “Not so easy does it”, in FT Weekend (Life & Arts section), London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 19:

     Reading their accounts, you can't help feeling they got a more thrilling frisson from sharing a pot of home-made stew without a footman than they took in any of their convoluted couplings.

3. (historical) A servant who runs in front of his master's carriage.

   Synonyms: runner, running footman

   • 2016, Anna Keay, chapter 8, in The Last Royal Rebel, London: Bloomsbury:

     When he travelled by coach the vehicle was accompanied by his liveried footmen running alongside to ensure its smooth passage (footmen would not be indoor servants until a century later).

4. A metallic stand with four feet, for keeping anything warm before a fire.
5. A moth of the family Arctiidae (or subfamily Arctiinae); so called from its livery-like colors.

   Synonym: footman moth

   1. Especially, a common footman (Manulea lurideola).
6. A bar that connects the treadle of a spinning wheel to the wheel.

Derived terms

• footmanhood
• footmanly
• footmanry
• footmanship
• speckled footman
• underfootman

Translations

soldier who marches and fights on foot — see foot soldier

male servant

• Bulgarian: лакей (bg) m (lakej)
• Dutch: lakei (nl)
• Esperanto: lakeo
• Finnish: miespalvelija (fi), lakeija (fi)
• French: laquais (fr) m, valet de pied (fr)
• German: Lakai (de) m
• Greek: λακές (el) m (lakés)
• Italian: valletto (it) m
• Latin: pedisequus m
• Plautdietsch: Schekjbenjel m
• Welsh: troedwas m, gwas lifrai m

servant who runs in front of his master's carriage

• Finnish: lakeija (fi)
• Irish: giolla cóiste m
• Spanish: lacayo (es) m
• Turkish:

  Ottoman Turkish: چوقه‌دار (çokadar)

• Welsh: troedwas m

metallic stand with four feet

moth of the subfamily Arctiinae

• Finnish: aitosiilikäs
• German: Bärenspinner m
• Welsh: troedwas m

Manulea lurideola

• Finnish: harmokeltasiipi

part of a spinning wheel

• Finnish: liipotin (fi)

References

• “footman”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “footman”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “footman”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “footman”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Middle English

Noun

footman

1. (Late Middle English) alternative form of fotman