予

See also: 豫, 矛, and 𠄔

予 U+4E88, 予 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E88 ← 亇 [U+4E87] CJK Unified Ideographs 争 → [U+4E89]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

予 (Kangxi radical 6, 亅+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈弓弓 (NINN), four-corner 1720₂, composition ⿱龴𠄐)

1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №127

Derived characters

• 伃, 㘧, 妤, 㜿, 忬, 抒, 汿, 䦽, 杼, 沀, 㶦, 䂛, 紓 (纾), 野, 舒, 魣 (𮬛), 㐨, 預 (预), 豫, 芧, 序, 㮊

Additional Derived Characters

• 𠰄, 𢎻, 𭛞, 𤝉, 𤤂, 𤰩, 𥄛, 𥝱, 𰀥, 𦍗, 𧦃, 𨋋, 𨱢, 𱎻, 𮰕, 𨥤 (𮷽), 𬜓, 𰘃, 𪐧, 𮓪
• 𨑦, 𧠐, 𧺥, 𪜝, 𠄛, 𧶃, 𣖦, 𬼻, 𢄮, 𩿎, 𠄝, 𬼼, 𣏗, 𬯺, 𤵈, 𥩧, 𡆹
• 𣝰, 𡍳, 𢡴, 𫕃, 𡱣, 𡐨

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: 亅部/三畫 on the Chinese Wikisource.

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 85, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 231
• Dae Jaweon: page 174, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 52, character 2
• Unihan data for U+4E88

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 予
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Oracle bone script j10319 Small seal script s02873 Transcribed ancient scripts L34283 L34284 L14210 L14211 L14212 L14213 L14214 L14215 L14216 L14217 L14218 L14219 L14220
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (予) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
野	*laːʔ, *ɦljaʔ
壄	*laːʔ
序	*ljaʔ
抒	*ljaʔ, *hlja, *ɦljaʔ
芧	*l'aʔ
杼	*l'aʔ, *ɦljaʔ
墅	*ɦljaːʔ
舒	*hlja
紓	*hlja, *ɦljaʔ
妤	*la
伃	*la
予	*la, *laʔ
預	*las
忬	*las
豫	*las
蕷	*las
澦	*las

Jiajie (假借): originally written as 呂 (OC *ɡ·raʔ), phonetically borrowed for the meanings "I; give". Later, 亅 was added at the bottom as a distinguishing mark and the whole character was heavily stylized. See also 幻.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		予

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la (“to pay; to give for”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǔ (yu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
• Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ú / ír / í

  (Teochew, Peng'im): e²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǔ
    • Wade–Giles: yü³
    • Yale: yǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeu
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyu⁵
    • Yale: yúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: i^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /i¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ú
    • Tâi-lô: ú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uo
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /u⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ír
    • Tâi-lô: ír
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: í
    • Tâi-lô: í
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ie
    • Sinological IPA (Jinjiang): /i⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /i⁵³/

Note: literary reading.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: e²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɯ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: yoX

Rime
Character	予
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余吕切
Baxter	yoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/iɔX/
Wang Li	/jĭoX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*laʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*laʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	予
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ yoX ›
Old Chinese	/*laʔ/
English	give; together with
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	予
Reading #	2/2
No.	15739
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*laʔ/

Definitions

予

1. (alt. form 與／与) to give
2. to praise; to esteem

Compounds

• 不予置評 / 不予置评 (bùyǔzhìpíng)
• 予人口實 / 予人口实
• 予以 (yǔyǐ)
• 予假 (yǔjià)
• 予告
• 予市 (Yǔshì)
• 准予 (zhǔnyǔ)
• 寄予 (jìyǔ)
• 授予 (shòuyǔ)
• 施予 (shīyǔ)
• 生殺予奪 / 生杀予夺 (shēngshāyǔduó)
• 給予 / 给予
• 賦予 / 赋予 (fùyǔ)
• 賜予 / 赐予 (cìyǔ)
• 贈予 / 赠予 (zèngyǔ)
• 閔予小子 / 闵予小子

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		予
alternative forms		互 乎 與／与 護／护 付 互 乎 與／与 護／护 付 給／给 呼 後／后 候 𢗝 厚 被 “by” 讓／让 “to allow; to cause” 使 “to cause” 俾 “to cause” 度 Quanzhou

與 (OC *laʔ) is often considered to be the original character (Lin, 1998, 1999; Mei, 2007); Taiwan's Ministry of Education considers the cognate 予 (OC *laʔ) to be the original character. In either case, this would be the same word as etymology 1.

Alternatively, Zhao (1991) argues that this is a Kra-Dai substrate, suggesting a borrowing from Proto-Tai *haɰꟲ (“to give”), whence Zhuang hawj (“to give; to allow”) and Bouyei haec (“to give; to allow”). Note that the Tai word has been connected to Middle Chinese 許 (MC xjoX, “to allow”) (Manomaivibool, 1975). On the other hand, Zheng (2008) considers both the Hokkien word and the Kra-Dai word to be derived from 與.

Assuming 與 to be the etymon, there are also various theories on the development of the h- initial:

• Old Chinese /*ɡl/ → /*ɡ/ → /*ɣ/ → /h/ (Mei, 2007);
• Fricativization of the /*l/ initial in Old Chinese, possibly originating in the Chu dialect (Zheng, 2008);
• /tʰ/ (Quanzhou) → /h/ (other varieties) (Lin, 1998; Zhou, 2006; Taiwan's Ministry of Education).

Sagart (2017c) considers 與 / 与 to be a problematic etymon but agrees with the third theory on the development of h- above. He suggests that a possible trigger for the change from /tʰ/ to /h/ is that /tʰɔ/ is often used with 乞 /kʰit/, allowing /kʰit tʰɔ/ to be reanalysed as /kʰit hɔ/. This etymology was also independently proposed by Lien (2002).

Pronunciation

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘ / thō͘ / hǒ͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hou⁷

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
    • Tâi-lô: hōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ho
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen, Singapore): /hɔ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Changtai): /heu²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Philippines): /hɔ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /hɔ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thō͘
    • Tâi-lô: thōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: to
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /tʰɔ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Hui'an): /tʰɔ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒ͘
    • Tâi-lô: hǒo
    • Sinological IPA (Lukang): /hɔ³³/

Note: vernacular reading.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hou⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hōu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou¹¹/

Definitions

予

1. (Hokkien) to give

   伊予我五箍。 [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]

   I hō͘ góa gō͘ kho͘. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   He gave me five dollars.

2. (Teochew) to deliver; to give
3. (Hokkien) to allow

   予伊去！ [Hokkien]  ―  Hō͘ i khì! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Let it go!

4. (Hokkien) to cause; to make
5. (Hokkien, Teochew) by (used in constructing the passive)

   伊予人拍。 [Hokkien]  ―  I hō͘ lâng phah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  He was beaten up (by someone).

6. (Penang Hokkien) to pay

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“to give”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		予, 畀
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		給
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	給
	Taiwan	給
	Malaysia	給
	Singapore	給
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	給
	Jinan	給
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	給
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	給
	Wuhan	把, 把得, 給
	Guilin	給
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	把, 給
	Hefei	給
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Macau	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Dongguan	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
	Nanning	畀
	Nanning (Tanka)	畀
	Yulin	分
	Baise	畀
	Qinzhou	畀
	Qinzhou (Changtan)	畀
	Beihai	畀
	Beihai (Nankang)	畀
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	畀
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	畀
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	畀
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	畀
	Penang (Guangfu)	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	畀
	Móng Cái	畀
Gan	Nanchang	把
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	分
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	得
	Kuching (Hepo)	分
	Singapore (Meixian)	分
	Singapore (Dabu)	分
Jin	Taiyuan	給
Northern Min	Jian'ou	吶
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	乞
Southern Min	Xiamen	予
	Quanzhou	予, 傳
	Zhangzhou	予
	Zhao'an	予
	Taipei	予
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Yilan	予
	Changhua (Lukang)	予
	Taichung	予
	Taichung (Wuqi)	予
	Tainan	予
	Taitung	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Kinmen	予
	Penghu (Magong)	予
	Penang (Hokkien)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	予
	Manila (Hokkien)	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	乞
	Jieyang	分, 乞
	Haifeng	分, 予
	Singapore (Teochew)	分, 乞
	Pontianak (Teochew)	分, 乞
	Leizhou	乞
	Wenchang	分
	Haikou	要
Puxian Min	Putian	乞
Wu	Shanghai	撥, 撥辣
	Suzhou	撥
	Ningbo	撥
	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	把
	Loudi	把

Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		被
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	讓, 叫, 給
	Taiwan	讓, 叫, 給
	Malaysia	被, 給
	Singapore	被, 讓, 給
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	叫, 讓
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	叫
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	遭, 叫
	Wuhan	把得
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	給, 把
	Hefei	給, 叫
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	畀
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	畀
	Macau	畀
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	畀
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	畀
	Foshan	畀
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	畀
	Foshan (Shunde)	畀
	Foshan (Sanshui)	畀
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	畀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	畀
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	畀
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	畀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	畀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	畀
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Kaiping (Chikan)	畀
	Enping (Niujiang)	畀
	Heshan (Yayao)	畀
	Dongguan	畀
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	畀
	Shaoguan	畀
	Yunfu	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
	Xinyi	畀
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	讓, 等
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Xingning	分
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	畀
	Huiyang	分
	Huidong (Daling)	分
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	分
	Boluo (Bendihua)	畀
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	分
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	畀
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	分
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	把
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	畀
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	把
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	分
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	分
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	分
	Liannan	分
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	分
	Jiexi	分
	Changting	得
	Wuping	得
	Wuping (Pingyu)	得
	Liancheng	給
	Ninghua	分
	Ruijin	得
	Shicheng	得
	Shangyou (Shexi)	討
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	分
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	得
	Hong Kong	分
	Senai (Huiyang)	分
	Kuching (Hepo)	分
Jin	Taiyuan	叫, 給
Northern Min	Jian'ou	吶
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	乞
Southern Min	Xiamen	予, 乞
	Quanzhou	予, 乞, 傳
	Zhangzhou	予, 乞
	Taipei	予
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Yilan	予
	Changhua (Lukang)	予
	Taichung	予
	Tainan	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Kinmen	予
	Penghu (Magong)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	予
	Manila (Hokkien)	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞, 予
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	乞
	Jieyang	分, 乞
	Singapore (Teochew)	分
	Leizhou	乞
	Haikou	要
Wu	Shanghai	撥, 撥辣
	Suzhou	撥, 撥勒
	Ningbo	撥, 撥人家
	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	聽, 撈, 讓, 被
	Shuangfeng	耗

Dialectal synonyms of 付 (“to pay”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		付
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	付
	Malaysia	還, 付
	Singapore	還, 付
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	付
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	付
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	付
Hakka	Kuching (Hepo)	還
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	付
Southern Min	Tainan	付
	Penang (Hokkien)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	還
	Manila (Hokkien)	把拉, 還 obsolete
Wu	Shanghai	付

Derived terms

• hőng (Min Nan)
• 樹頭徛予在，毋驚樹尾做風颱 / 树头徛予在，毋惊树尾做风台 (chhiū-thâu khiā hō͘ chāi, m̄ kiaⁿ chhiū-bóe chò-hong-thai) (Min Nan)

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		予

Traditionally considered a variant of 余 (OC *la), however Shijing and Chuci rhymes suggests that the expected tone reflex was rising tone, similar to Pronunciation 1 (Mattos, 1971; Pulleyblank, 1995), which corresponds to a glottal stop coda in Old Chinese. It could thus be reanalyzed an emphatic form of the *l- series of first-person pronouns, similar to 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “me, us”) compared to 吾 (OC *ŋaː, “I, we”) in the *ŋ- series.

Cognate with 余 (OC *la), 台 (OC *lɯ, “I”), 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ). Further etymology is obscure (Schuessler, 2007). Li F. (1976) reconstructs Old Chinese *rag, and compares it to Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“first person plural pronoun”) > Thai เรา (rao, “we”). However, Schuessler considers this etymon belonging to 兩 (OC *raŋʔ, *raŋs, “both”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yú (yu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴
• Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̀
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): û / îr / î

  (Teochew, Peng'im): e⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yú
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yú
    • Wade–Giles: yü²
    • Yale: yú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴
    • Yale: yùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: û
    • Tâi-lô: û
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uu
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /u²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: îr
    • Tâi-lô: îr
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
    • Tâi-lô: î
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ii
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: e⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ṳ̂
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɯ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: yo

Rime
Character	予
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以諸切
Baxter	yo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆/
Li Rong	/iɔ/
Wang Li	/jĭo/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*laʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*la/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	予
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yú
Middle Chinese	‹ yo ›
Old Chinese	/*laʔ/
English	I, we
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	予
Reading #	1/2
No.	15738
Phonetic component	予
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	余
Old Chinese	/*la/

Definitions

予

1. (obsolete) alternative form of 余 (“I, me”)

   • 予畏上帝，不敢不正。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Yú wèi shàngdì, bù gǎn bù zhèng. [Pinyin]

     As I fear the Heaven, I dare not but punish him.

   • 夫子矢之曰：「予所否者，天厭之！天厭之！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夫子矢之曰：「予所否者，天厌之！天厌之！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Fūzǐ shǐ zhī yuē: “Yú suǒ pǐ zhě, tiān yàn zhī! Tiān yàn zhī!” [Pinyin]

     On which the Master swore, saying, "Wherein I have done improperly, may Heaven reject me! May Heaven reject me!"

2. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 我 (“I”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		吾, 我, 余, 予, 台, 朕 for emperors, 臣, 愚 humble
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		我, 本人, 鄙人 humble, 在下 humble, 不才 humble
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	我
	Taiwan	我
	Langfang	我
	Chengde	我
	Ulanhot	我
	Tongliao	我
	Chifeng	我, 咱
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	我
	Heihe	我, 俺
	Qiqihar	我, 俺
	Harbin	我, 俺
	Jiamusi	我, 俺, 咱
	Baicheng	我
	Changchun	我
	Tonghua	我, 咱
	Shenyang	我
	Jinzhou	我
	Malaysia	我
	Singapore	我
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	我
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	我
	Tangshan	我
	Cangzhou	我, 俺
	Baoding	我
	Shijiazhuang	我, 俺
	Lijin	我, 俺
	Weifang (Weicheng)	我, 俺
	Weifang (Fangzi)	我, 俺
	Changle	我, 俺
	Shouguang	我, 俺
	Rizhao	我, 俺
	Wulian	我, 俺
	Jinan	我, 俺
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	我
	Dandong	我, 俺
	Yantai	我, 俺
	Yantai (Muping)	我, 俺
	Qingdao	我, 俺
	Weifang (Hanting)	我, 俺
	Changyi	我, 俺
	Gaomi	我, 俺
	Zhucheng	我, 俺
	Anqiu	我, 俺
	Linqu	我, 俺
	Qingzhou	俺
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	我, 俺
	Lingbao	我
	Jining	我, 俺
	Wanrong	我, 俺
	Linfen	我
	Shangqiu	我, 俺
	Yuanyang	我, 俺
	Zhengzhou	我, 俺
	Kaifeng	我, 俺
	Xinyang	我
	Ankang	我
	Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin)	我
	Baihe	我
	Baihe (Maoping)	我
	Xi'an	我, 俺 †
	Dingbian	我
	Baoji	我
	Tongxin	我
	Guyuan	我
	Tianshui	我
	Xining	我
	Yanqi	我
	Xuzhou	我, 俺, 咱
	Xuzhou (Jiawang)	俺, 我
	Pizhou	俺, 我
	Suining	我
	Xinyi	我, 俺
	Fengxian	我, 俺
	Suqian	俺
	Lianyungang (Ganyu)	我, 俺
	Donghai	我, 俺
	Fuyang	我, 俺
	Bengbu	我, 俺
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	我
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	我
	Zhongwei	我
	Bayanhot	我
	Lanzhou	我
	Dunhuang	我
	Hami	我
	Ürümqi	我
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	我
	Chengdu (Xindu)	我
	Nanchong	我
	Nanbu	我
	Dazhou	我
	Hanyuan	我
	Xichang	我
	Zigong	我
	Chongqing	我
	Chongqing (Changshou)	我
	Wuhan	我
	Yichang	我
	Xiangyang	我
	Tianmen	我
	Lhasa	我
	Guiyang	我
	Zunyi	我
	Bijie	我
	Liping	我
	Zhaotong	我
	Dali	我
	Kunming	我
	Mengzi	我
	Guilin	我
	Guilin (Lingui)	我
	Guanyang	我
	Lipu	我
	Pingle	我
	Yangshuo	我
	Liuzhou	我
	Liuzhou (Luorong)	我
	Luzhai	我
	Nanning (Xiakuojie)	我
	Nanning (Fujian)	我
	Nanning (Wuming)	我
	Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)	我
	Binyang (Nanjie)	我
	Shanglin (Sanli)	我
	Hechi (Yizhou)	我
	Jishou	我
	Changde	我, 頑, 俺
	Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	我
	Shiquan	我
	Ziyang	我
	Hanzhong	我
	Kokang	我
	Dagudi (Maliba)	我
	Reshuitang (Longling)	我
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	我
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	我
	Oudomxay	我
	Pematangsiantar	我
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	我
	Yangzhou	我
	Yangzhou (Jiangdu)	我
	Baoying	我
	Gaoyou	我
	Yizheng	我
	Taizhou	我
	Taixing	我
	Taizhou (Jiangyan)	我
	Jingjiang (Dongxing)	我
	Zhenjiang	我
	Jurong	我
	Lianyungang	我, 俺
	Guanyun	我
	Guannan	我, 呣
	Huai'an (Huaiyin)	我
	Huai'an (Hongze)	我
	Lianshui	我
	Xuyi	我
	Jinhu	我
	Xinghua	我
	Nantong	我
	Rugao	我
	Rudong	我
	Hai'an	我
	Yancheng	我
	Dongtai	我
	Sheyang	我
	Funing	我
	Jianhu	我
	Xiangshui	我
	Shuyang	我
	Sihong	我, 俺
	Anqing	我
	Wuhu	我
	Hefei	我
	Chuzhou	我
	Huanggang	我
	Hong'an	我
Mandarin	Qinzhou (Longmengang)	我
Cantonese	Guangzhou	我
	Hong Kong	我
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	我
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	我
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	我
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	我
	Macau	我
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	我
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	我
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	我
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	我
	Foshan	我
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	我
	Foshan (Shunde)	我
	Foshan (Sanshui)	我
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	我
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	我
	Zhongshan (Huancheng)	我
	Zhongshan (Nanlang)	我
	Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	我
	Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)	我
	Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)	我
	Zhongshan (Henglan)	我
	Zhongshan (Dongfeng)	我
	Zhongshan (Nantou)	我
	Zhongshan (Fusha)	我
	Zhongshan (Shalang)	我
	Zhongshan (Gangkou)	我
	Zhongshan (Huangpu)	我
	Zhongshan (Sanjiao)	我
	Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)	我
	Zhongshan (Minzhong)	我
	Zhongshan (Guzhen)	我
	Zhongshan (Banfu)	我
	Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	我
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	我
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	我
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	我
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	𠊎
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	我
	Taishan	我
	Kaiping (Chikan)	我
	Enping (Niujiang)	我
	Heshan (Yayao)	我
	Dongguan	我
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	我
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	我
	Qingyuan	我
	Fogang	我
	Yingde (Hanguang)	我
	Yangshan	我
	Lianshan (Butian)	我
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	我
	Shaoguan	我
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	我
	Renhua	我
	Lechang	我
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	我
	Sihui	我
	Guangning	我
	Deqing	我
	Huaiji	我
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	儂
	Yunfu	我, 儂
Xinxing	我
Luoding	我
Yunan (Pingtai)	我
Yangjiang	我
Xinyi	我
Maoming (Xinpo)	我
Lianjiang	我
Wuchuan (Wuyang)	我
Nanning	我
Wuzhou	我
Yulin	我
Hepu (Lianzhou)	我
Hepu (Shatian)	我
Guiping	我
Guiping (Jintian)	我
Guiping (Jiangkou)	我
Guiping (Madong)	我
Guiping (Mule)	我
Pingnan	我
Pingnan (Danzhu)	我
Mengshan (Xihe)	我
Guigang (Gangcheng)	儂, 我
Guigang (Nanjiang)	我
Guigang (Pingdong)	我
Beiliu	我
Baise	我
Bobai	我
Lingshan	我
Pubei	我
Qinzhou	我
Qinzhou (Changtan)	我
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	我
Beihai	我
Beihai (Nankang)	我
Beihai (Yingpan)	我
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	我
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	我
Ningming	我
Hengzhou	我
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)	儂
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	我
Chongzuo (Laituan)	我
Fusui (Qujiu)	我
Danzhou	我
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	我
Penang (Guangfu)	我
Singapore (Guangfu)	我
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	我
Móng Cái	我
Gan	Nanchang	我
	Nanchang (Wangcheng)	我
	Anyi	我仂
	Lushan	我
	Pengze	我
	Duchang	我, 我濃
	Wuning (Quankou)	我
	Poyang	我
	Yugan	阿, 我郎
	Wannian	阿
	Hengfeng	阿, 阿仂
	Yanshan (Hekou)	阿, 阿仂
	Leping	阿
	Yichun	我
	Yifeng	阿
	Gao'an	我
	Fengxin	我
	Shanggao	我
	Wanzai	我
	Fengcheng	我
	Xinyu	阿, 我
	Fuzhou (Shangdundu)	我
	Fuzhou (Dongxiang)	阿仂
	Nancheng	阿
	Nanfeng	阿仂, 阿
	Yihuang	我
	Lichuan	我, 阿
	Chongren	我
	Pingxiang	巷
	Lianhua	我
	Ji'an	阿, 我
	Yongfeng	我
	Taihe	我
	Xiajiang	我
	Yongxin	我
	Yingtan (Yujiang)	阿
	Guixi	阿, 阿仂
	Jianning	我
	Jinxian	我
	Jinxi	阿
	Le'an	我
	Guangchang	阿
	Anfu	我
	Suichuan	𠊎
	Wan'an	𠊎
	Jing'an	我
	Zhangshu	我
	Xingan	我
	Fenyi	我
Hakka	Meixian	𠊎
	Xingning	𠊎
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	我
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	我
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	我
	Huiyang	𠊎
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	我
	Huidong (Daling)	𠊎
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	𠊎
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	我
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	我
	Boluo (Bendihua)	我
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	𠊎
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	𠊎
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	𠊎
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Changbu)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	𠊎
	Wuhua (Meilin)	𠊎
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	我
	Zijin	我
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	我
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	我
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	我
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	我
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	我
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	我
	Wengyuan	𠊎
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	𠊎
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	𠊎
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	我
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	我
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	𠊎
	Liannan	𠊎
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	𠊎
	Jiexi	𠊎
	Luhe	𠊎
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	𠊎
	Changting	𠊎
	Shanghang	𠊎
	Longyan (Yongding)	𠊎
	Wuping	𠊎
	Wuping (Yanqian)	𠊎
	Wuping (Pingyu)	𠊎
	Liancheng	𠊎
	Ninghua	𠊎
	Qingliu	𠊎
	Yudu	𠊎
	Ningdu	𠊎
	Ruijin	𠊎
	Shicheng	𠊎
	Shangyou (Shexi)	𠊎
	Tonggu (Sandu)	𠊎
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	𠊎
	Ganzhou (Nankang)	𠊎
	Dayu	𠊎
	Dingnan	𠊎
	Longnan	𠊎
	Xunwu	𠊎
	Huichang	𠊎
	Chongyi	𠊎
	Xingguo	𠊎
Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𠊎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	𠊎
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	𠊎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	𠊎
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	𠊎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	𠊎
Hong Kong	𠊎
Yangxi (Tangkou)	𠊎
Yangchun (Sanjia)	𠊎
Xinyi (Sihe)	𠊎
Xinyi (Qianpai)	𠊎
Gaozhou (Xindong)	𠊎
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	𠊎
Huazhou (Xin'an)	𠊎
Lianjiang (Shijiao)	𠊎
Lianjiang (Qingping)	𠊎
Mengshan (Xihe)	𠊎
Luchuan	𠊎
Luchuan (Daqiao)	𠊎
Bobai (Shahe)	𠊎
Bobai (Longtan)	𠊎
Bobai (Lingping)	𠊎
Bobai (Lingjiao)	𠊎
Beiliu (Tang'an)	𠊎
Mashan (Pianlian)	我
Guigang (Wule)	𠊎
Guigang (Qiaoxu)	𠊎
Guigang (Batang)	𠊎
Guiping (Jintian)	𠊎
Guiping (Dongxin)	𠊎
Pingnan (Guo'an)	𠊎
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	𠊎
Pingle (Tong'an)	𠊎
Sabah (Longchuan)	𠊎, 我
Senai (Huiyang)	𠊎
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	𠊎
Singkawang	𠊎
Singapore (Dabu)	𠊎
Bangkok (Meixian)	𠊎
Huizhou	Jixi	我
	Shexian	我, 阿
	Wuyuan	我
	Fuliang	我
	Dexing	我
	Chun'an (Qiandaohu)	我
	Jiande (Meicheng)	黨, 卬
	Jiande (Shouchang)	我, 我儂
Jin	Taiyuan	我, 俺 †, used only by females
	Yangyuan	我, 俺
	Datong	我
	Xinzhou	我, 俺
	Lüliang (Lishi)	我, 俺
	Changzhi	我
	Taibus (Baochang)	我
	Linhe	我
	Jining	我, 俺
	Hohhot	我, 俺
	Baotou	我
	Dongsheng	我
	Haibowan	我
	Erenhot	我, 俺
	Pingshan	我, 俺
	Zhangjiakou	我
	Handan	我, 俺
	Anyang	我, 俺
	Linzhou	我, 俺
	Suide	我
	Shenmu	我, 咱
Jiuxing Yumin	Jiande	我, 我儂
	Jinhua	我, 我儂
Northern Min	Jian'ou	我, 俺
	Songxi	我
	Zhenghe	我
	Jianyang	我
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	我, 奴
	Fuzhou (Changle)	我
	Lianjiang	我
	Fuqing	我
	Pingtan	我
	Yongtai	我
	Minqing	我
	Gutian	我
	Pingnan	我
	Luoyuan	我
	Fu'an	我
	Ningde	我
	Xiapu	我
	Zherong	我
	Shouning	我
	Zhouning	我
	Fuding	我
	Taishun	我
	Cangnan (Qianku)	我
	Singapore (Fuqing)	我
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	我
Southern Min	Xiamen	我, 阮, 遮人, 遮的人
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	我
	Quanzhou	我, 阮
	Jinjiang	我
	Nan'an	我
	Shishi	我
	Hui'an	我
	Anxi	我
	Yongchun	我
	Dehua	我
	Zhangzhou	我, 阮, 遮人, 遮的人
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	我
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	我
	Hua'an	我
	Nanjing	我
	Pinghe	我
	Zhangpu	我
	Yunxiao	我
	Zhao'an	我
	Dongshan	我
	Taipei	我, 阮 GT
	Taipei (Wanhua)	我
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	我
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	我
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	我
	Kaohsiung	我
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	我
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	我
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	我
	Yilan	我
	Changhua (Lukang)	我
	Taichung	我
	Taichung (Wuqi)	我
	Tainan	我
	Taitung	我
	Hsinchu	我
	Kinmen	我
	Penghu (Magong)	我
	Penang (Hokkien)	我
	Singapore (Hokkien)	我
	Manila (Hokkien)	我
	Longyan	我
	Zhangping	我
	Datian	我
	Shunchang (Pushang)	我
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	我
	Pingnan (Pingtian)	我
	Pingnan (Sijie)	我
	Guiping (Xiaowen)	我
	Guiping (Dongsheng)	我
	Guilin (Biyange)	我
	Pingle (Zhoutang)	我
	Lechang (Tatou)	我
	Renhua (Changshabei)	我
	Yingde (Yuzui)	我
	Yunan (Liantan)	我
	Cangnan	我
	Chaozhou	我
	Shantou	我
	Shantou (Chenghai)	我
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	我
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	我
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	我
	Jieyang	我
Haifeng	我
Johor Bahru (Teochew)	我
Singapore (Teochew)	我
Batam (Teochew)	我
Pontianak (Teochew)	我
Wenchang	我, 儂 polite/humble
Haikou	我
Singapore (Hainanese)	我, 儂 polite/humble
Puxian Min	Putian	我, 㑚
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	我
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	我
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	我
	Xianyou	我, 㑚
	Xianyou (Fengting)	我
	Xianyou (Youyang)	我
Central Min	Yong'an	我
	Sanming (Shaxian)	我
	Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)	我
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	伉
	Guangze	伉
	Jiangle	我
	Mingxi	我
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	我
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	我
	Nanning (Shajing)	我
	Binyang	我
	Binyang (Xinqiao)	我
	Wuxuan (Laishan)	我
	Wuxuan (Zhangcun)	我
	Chongzuo (Laituan)	我
	Chongzuo (Xinhe)	我
	Fusui (Longtou)	我
	Liucheng (Yangmei)	我
	Liucheng (Guzhai)	我
	Liucheng (Liming)	我
	Rongshui	我
	Hechi (Desheng, Yizhou)	我
	Luocheng (Niubi)	我
	Baise (Nabi)	我
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	我
	Guilin (Chaoyang)	我
	Guilin (Dongbianzhou)	我
	Guilin (Zhuyuan)	我
	Guilin (Wutong, Lingui)	我
	Lingchuan (Sanjie)	我
	Lingchuan (Tanxia)	我
	Pingle (Zhangjia)	我
	Pingle (Xintangmian)	我
	Yangshuo (Jima)	我
	Yongfu (Tangbao)	我
	Zhongshan (Gong'an)	我
Shehua	Jingning (Hexi)	我
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	我
	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	吾
Wu	Shanghai	我, 阿拉
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	唔奴, 奴
	Shanghai (Fengxian)	唔奴
	Shanghai (Jinshan)	阿奴
	Shanghai (Qingpu)	吾
	Shanghai (Jiading)	唔, 唔儂
	Shanghai (Yuepu, Baoshan)	是我
	Shanghai (Chongming)	我
	Suzhou	我, 奴
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	吾, 吾奴
	Wuxi	我
	Changshu	我
	Nantong (Haimen)	我
	Jiaxing	我奴
	Jiashan	我奴, 我
	Pinghu	我奴, 我
	Haining (Yanguan)	我
	Tongxiang	我
	Haiyan	我, 活儂, 活奴
	Changzhou	我
	Danyang	我
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	我
	Huzhou	是我
	Changxing	我, 是我
	Anji	我
	Deqing	我
	Hangzhou	我
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	我, 是我
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	我, 是我, 什我
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	我, 是我
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	我
	Tonglu	我, 是我
	Tonglu (Wusheng)	我
	Shaoxing	我
	Zhuji	我
	Shengzhou	我
	Xinchang	我
	Ningbo	我, 我儂, 像我
	Ningbo (Zhenhai)	我
	Ningbo (Fenghua)	我
	Yuyao	我
	Cixi	我
	Xiangshan	我, 像我
	Zhoushan	伢
	Taizhou (Huangyan)	我
	Tiantai	我
	Xianju	我
	Sanmen	我
	Linhai	我
	Wenling	我俚
	Wenzhou	我
	Yueqing	我
	Yongjia (Fenglin)	我
	Rui'an	我
	Pingyang	我
	Taishun	我
	Wencheng	我
	Lishui	我
	Qingtian	我
	Jinyun	我, 動我
	Wuyi (Liucheng)	我
	Songyang (Xiping)	我
	Yunhe	我
	Jingning	我
Qingyuan	我
Longquan	我
Quzhou	我
Suichang	我, 我儂
Jiangshan	我
Changshan	我
Kaihua	我, 我儂
Longyou	我, 我儂
Jinhua	我, 我儂
Jinhua (Tangxi)	我, 我儂
Yiwu	我
Yongkang	我
Pujiang	我
Dongyang	我
Wuyi	我, 我儂
Lanxi	我, 我儂
Shangrao	阿儂
Shangrao (Guangfeng)	阿
Yushan	阿, 儂
Xiang	Changsha	我
	Loudi	我
	Shuangfeng	我, 卬
	Hengyang	我
	Quanzhou	我
	Guanyang (Wenshi)	我
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	我
Note	† - as an attributive, used without 的; GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

• 予一人 (yúyīrén)
• 予取予求 (yúqǔyúqiú)
• 予小子
• 人莫予毒 (rénmòyúdú)
• 莫予毒也 (mòyúdúyě)

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 予 – see 豫 (“relaxed; comfortable; at ease; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified and variant form of 豫).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 予 – see 預 (“beforehand, in advance; to take part in; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 預).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Further reading

• “予”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.

Japanese

Shinjitai	予
Kyūjitai	豫

Kanji

予

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 豫)

1. beforehand, in advance, pre-

Readings

• Go-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)、しょ (sho)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}、じょ (jo)^{←ぢよ (dyo, historical)}、しゃ (sha)^{←しや (sya, historical)}
• Kan-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)、しょ (sho)^{←しよ (syo, historical)}、ちょ (cho)^{←ちよ (tyo, historical)}
• Kun: あらかじめ (arakajime, 予め)、かねて (kanete, 予て)、かねる (kaneru, 予ねる)

Compounds

• 予(よ)報(ほう) (yohō)
• 予(よ)約(やく) (yoyaku, “reservation, appointment”)
• 予(よ)定(てい) (yotei, “schedule”)
• 予(よ)感(かん) (yokan)

Kanji

予

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. I; me
2. to give

Readings

• Go-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: よ (yo, Jōyō)
• Kun: われ (ware, 予)、あたえる (ataeru, 予える)^{←あたへる (ataferu, 予へる, historical)}、ゆるす (yurusu, 予す)

Compounds

• 予(よ)輩(はい) (yohai)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
予
よ Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
余

From Middle Chinese 予 (MC yo).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) よ [yóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [jo̞]

Pronoun

予(よ) • (yo) 

1. first-person personal pronoun; I, me
   • 1802-1814, Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige, volume 1:

     予此街道に毫をはせて膝栗毛の書を著す。

     I, on this highway, in a little while, "Hizakurige"'s lyrics I'll write

   • 1909, Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki:

     Yo wa Sai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.

     I love my wife; it is precisely because I love her that I do not want her to read this diary.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
予
われ Grade: 3
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 予 – see the following entry.

【我われ】6 [pronoun] first person singular pronoun: I, me, oneself [pronoun] (usually vulgar) second person singular pronoun: you Alternative spellings 吾, 余

(This term, 予, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

References

• “^△予”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

• Asō, Isoji (1958), Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 62: Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

予 (eum 여 (yeo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

予: Hán Nôm readings: nhừ, dư, dự

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation