乞

乞 U+4E5E, 乞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E5E ← 九 [U+4E5D] CJK Unified Ideographs 也 → [U+4E5F]

Translingual

Han character

乞 (radical 5, 乙+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 人弓 (ON), four-corner 8071₇, composition ⿱𠂉乙)

Derived characters

• 吃

References

• KangXi: page 84, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 170
• Dae Jaweon: page 170, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 50, character 7
• Unihan data for U+4E5E

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
乞	*kʰɯds, *kʰɯd
盵	*kʰɯds
齕	*ɡɯːd, *ɡuːd
紇	*ɡɯːd, *ɡuːd
籺	*ɡɯːd
圪	*ŋrɯd, *ŋɯd
訖	*kɯd
吃	*kɯd
扢	*kɯd, *kuːd, *ɡuːd
疙	*ŋɯd
屹	*ŋɯd
仡	*ŋɯd, *hŋɯd
迄	*hŋɯd
釳	*hŋɯd
忔	*hŋɯd
汔	*hŋɯd
矻	*kʰuːd
麧	*ɡuːd

Variant of 气 (OC *kʰɯds), distinguished to indicate a phonetically borrowed meaning “to beg”.

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		乞
variant forms		气

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qǐ (qi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hat¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiet / khié / khiat
• Min Dong (BUC): ké̤ṳk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khit

  (Teochew, Peng'im): keg⁴ / kêg⁴ / kig⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): qiq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: qǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
    • Wade–Giles: ch'ih³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hat¹
    • Yale: hāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hat⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: hed¹
    • IPA ^(key): /hɐt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiet / khié
    • Hakka Romanization System: kied` / kie`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵ / kie³
    • IPA: /kʰi̯et̚²/, /kʰi̯e³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiat
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiad`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵
    • IPA: /kʰi̯at̚²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ké̤ṳk
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰøyʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khit
    • Tâi-lô: khit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qid
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰit̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰit̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰit̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰit̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰit̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: keg⁴ / kêg⁴ / kig⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳk / khek / khik
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɯk̚²/, /kʰek̚²/, /kʰik̚²/

Note:

• keg4 - other places;
• kêg4 - Jieyang;
• kig4 - Chaoyang.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: qiq (T4)
  • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 乞
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰiʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/kʰo⁵/ /t͡ɕʰi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian
	Taoyuan	/kʰit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/hɐt̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hɐt̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰit̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰøyʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰi²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰɯk̚²/ /kʰiʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xit̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰɨt̚/▼

Rime
Character	乞
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	迄 (58)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去迄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɨt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨt̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiət̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰət/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乞
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ khjɨt ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰət/
English	beg, ask
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乞
Reading #	2/2
No.	10082
Phonetic component	乞
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯd/
Notes	氣的轉註字從乞與從氣同

Definitions

乞

1. to beg
2. to request
3. A surname​.

Compounds

• 乞丐 (qǐgài)
• 乞乞縮縮／乞乞缩缩
• 乞人
• 乞伏
• 乞休
• 乞假
• 乞免
• 乞化
• 乞命
• 乞哀告憐／乞哀告怜
• 乞婆
• 乞巧
• 乞師／乞师 (qǐshī)
• 乞憐／乞怜
• 乞憐搖尾／乞怜摇尾
• 乞懇／乞恳
• 乞拉朋吉
• 乞援
• 乞期

• 乞求 (qǐqiú)
• 乞活
• 乞漿得酒／乞浆得酒
• 乞火
• 乞留乞良
• 乞留惡濫／乞留恶滥
• 乞留曲律
• 乞留玎琅
• 乞盟
• 乞窮儉相／乞穷俭相
• 乞討／乞讨 (qǐtǎo)
• 乞請／乞请
• 乞貸／乞贷
• 乞身
• 乞鄰／乞邻
• 乞閒／乞闲 (qǐxián)
• 乞降 (qǐxiáng)
• 乞靈／乞灵
• 乞鞠

• 乞頭／乞头
• 乞食 (qǐshí)
• 乞食飯牛／乞食饭牛
• 乞養／乞养
• 乞骸
• 乞骸骨 (qǐháigǔ)
• 伏乞
• 千乞
• 向火乞兒／向火乞儿
• 啟乞／启乞
• 容乞
• 寒乞
• 搖尾乞憐／摇尾乞怜
• 死乞白賴／死乞白赖 (sǐqibáilài)
• 求乞 (qiúqǐ)
• 窮腮乞臉／穷腮乞脸
• 行乞
• 討乞／讨乞

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		乞
variant forms		气 去 Hokkien

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qì (qi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hei³
• Min Dong (BUC): ké̤ṳk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khit / khì

  (Teochew, Peng'im): keh⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: qì
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
    • Wade–Giles: ch'ih⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hei³
    • Yale: hei
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hei³
    • Guangdong Romanization: héi³
    • IPA ^(key): /hei̯³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ké̤ṳk
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰøyʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khit
    • Tâi-lô: khit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qid
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰit̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰit̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
    • Tâi-lô: khì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qix
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰi²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: keh⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳh
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɯʔ²/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰɨi^H/▼

Rime
Character	乞
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	微 (20)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去旣切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨiH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɨiH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiəiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨjH/
Li Rong	/kʰiəiH/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰe̯iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qì

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯds/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乞
Reading #	1/2
No.	10073
Phonetic component	乞
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯds/
Notes	氣字注今體，集韻徑作乞（與）

Definitions

乞

1. ^† (Min Dong, Teochew) to give
2. (Min Dong; Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Teochew Min Nan) by
3. (Min Dong; Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Teochew Min Nan) Used before a verb to indicate passive voice.

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Japanese

Kanji

乞

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. beg
2. invite
3. ask

Readings

• Go-on: こち (kochi)
• Kan-on: きつ (kitsu)
• Kan’yō-on: こつ (kotsu)
• Kun: こう (kou, 乞う, Jōyō)^{←こふ (kofu, historical)}; こい (koi, 乞い)^{←こひ (kofi, historical)}

“To give”:

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: き (ki)
• Kun: あたえる (ataeru, 乞える)^{←あたへる (ataferu, historical)}

References

JIS: 3870 Kuten: 2480 Shift JIS: 8CEE EUC-JP: B8F0 Frequency: 2478 Nelson: 262

New Nelson: 59 Halpern: 1961 Halpern Learners: not listed Heisig: 462 Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 0a3.4

1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

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Korean

Hanja

乞 • (geol)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 걸 (McCune–Reischauer: kŏl)
  • Name (hangeul): 빌 (revised: bil, McCune–Reischauer: pil)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 乞神 (걸신, geolsin) hungry ghost

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乞

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Vietnamese

Han character

乞: Hán Việt readings: khất, khắt, gật

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation