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U+59BB, 妻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59BB

[U+59BA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+59BC]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
0 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 38, +5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十中女 (JLV), four-corner 50404, composition ⿱⿻)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 257, character 30
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6140
  • Dae Jaweon: page 522, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1036, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+59BB

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𪥼

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (hand grabbing hair) + (woman) ― a man grabbing a woman's hair to show ownership (marriage by capture).

Etymology[edit]

Thought to be cognate to (OC *dzêi, “same, equal (adj.), in line”) (SWJZ[1]; Karlgren, 1956) & interpreted as "an equal to her husband"; yet this is unlikely considering the realities of ancient societies (Schuessler, 2007).

Schuessler instead proposes Austroasiatic etymology: he reconstructs (OC *tshə̂i) < *k-sə̂i and compares it to Middle Khmer [script needed] (kansai, wife) (whence Khmer កន្សៃ (kɑnsay, wife)) and Khmer [script needed] (*khsay, be female) with *ka(n)- being a female marker (ibid.).

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note:
  • chhe - literary;
  • chhoe - vernacular.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (14)
    Final () (39)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () IV
    Fanqie
    Baxter tshej
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡sʰei/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡sʰei/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡sʰɛi/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /t͡sʰɛj/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡sʰei/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡sʰiei/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡sʰiei/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    cai1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tshej ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[tsʰ]ˁəj/
    English consort, wife

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 9913
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sʰiːl/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. wife
    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (14)
    Final () (39)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () IV
    Fanqie
    Baxter tshejH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡sʰeiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡sʰeiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡sʰɛiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /t͡sʰɛjH/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡sʰeiH/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡sʰieiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡sʰieiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    cai3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tshejH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[tsʰ]ˁəj-s/
    English give as wife

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 9923
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sʰiːls/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. to give a wife to; to give as a wife; to become married to a man
    2. to marry a woman

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. spouse

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    つま
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi

    From (tsuma, side, edge), indicating the person who is at the side of someone: a spouse.[1] Compare the English expression better half.

    This term originally referred to either a male (husband) or female (wife) spouse. In modern usage, this term refers only to a female spouse.[1]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (つま) (tsuma

    1. (archaic) a spouse
    2. (humble, only refers to one's own) a wife (married woman)
      • 1999 February 15 [1983 June 20], Osamu Tezuka, “第8話 未知への挑戦 [Chapter 8: Challenge of the Third Kind]”, in ブラック・ジャック [Black Jack], 8th edition, volume 18 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 176:
        (せん)(せい)………………(わたし)(つま)(うつく)しいでしょう?
        Sensei……………… watashi no tsuma wa utsukushii deshō?
        Doctor... Do you think my wife is beautiful?
        ああ!すばらしい()(じん)ですよ!
        Ā! Subarashii bijin desu yo!
        Sure! She’s a gorgeous lady!
    Synonyms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    つま
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi

    By extension from the at the side sense.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (つま) (tsuma

    1. a side dish
    2. a tangent, a digression, something to the side of the main thing

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    さい
    Grade: 5
    goon

    From Middle Chinese (MC tshej|tshejH, “wife”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (さい) (sai

    1. my wife
      • Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
        Yo wa Sai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.
        I love my Wife; it is precisely because I love her that I do not want her to read this Diary.
    Usage notes[edit]
    • Used chiefly in written texts such as letters.

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC tshej).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 (Yale: chyèy)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 겨〯집 (Yale: kyěcìp) (Yale: chyè)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 아내 (anae cheo))

    1. Hanja form? of (wife).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: thê, thế

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.